FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

ECV3511 CIVIL ENGINEERING GEOMATICS

SEMESTER 1 2017/2018

LAB TITLE: LEVELING II – LONGITUDINAL SECTION & CROSS

SECTION

DATE OF PRACTICAL: 23/10/2017

GROUP NO/MEMBERS: G

NO. MATRIC. NO NAME

1. 193199 MUHAMMAD FAHMI BIN MOHD

FIZAL

2. 191847 PUTRI NUZUL HIDAYAH BINTI

MOHD RIJIMI

3. 191894 AMIRA ATIQAH BINTI MUSTAFA

4. 191916 NURUL HANISAH BINTI HISHAM

5. 191471 TOKPAYEV RASSUL

NAME OF LECTURER:

-ASSOC. PROF. DR. HELMI ZULHAIDI MOHD. SHAFRI

NAME OF TEACHNG ASSISTANT:

-MDM. NURUL SUHADA MOHAMAD BASIR

-SIR HAIRIE ILKHAM BIN SIBARUDDIN

NAME OF ASISTANT ENGINEERS:

-MR. WAN ZAKARIA WAN YUSUFF

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 2/11/17

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGES
LIST OF TABLES 2
LIST OF FIGURES 2
WORK OF SCHEDULED 3
ABSTRACT/INTRODUCTION 4
OBJECTIVE 5
EQUIPMENT/APPARATUS 6-7
METHODOLOGY/PROCEDURE 8
RESULT/CALCULATION 9-11
DISCUSSION & RECOMMENDATION 12-13
CONCLUSION 13
REFERENCES 13
APPENDICES 14

LIST OF TABLES
CONTENT PAGES
WORK OF SCHEDULE 2
RESULTS 9

LIST OF FIGURES
CONTENS PAGES
APPARATUS 6-7
APPENDICES 14

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 WORK OF SCHEDULE

FRONT PAGE MUHAMMAD FAHMI BIN MOHD

FIZAL
TABLE CONTENT MUHAMMAD FAHMI BIN MOHD
FIZAL
WORK OF SCHEDULE MUHAMMAD FAHMI BIN MOHD
FIZAL
INTRODUCTION MUHAMMAD FAHMI BIN MOHD
FIZAL
OBJECTIVE RASUL TOKPAYEV/FAHMI

EQUIPMENT/APPARATUS PUTRI NUZUL HIDAYAH BINTI

MOHD RIJIMI
PROCEDURE/METHODOLOGY AMIRA ATIQAH BINTI MUSTAFA

RESULT & PUTRI NUZUL HIDAYAH BINTI

CALCULATION MOHD RIJIMI
DISCUSSION NURUL HANISAH BINTI HISHAM

RECOMMENDATION NURUL HANISAH BINTI HISHAM

CONCLUSION NURUL HANISAH BINTI HISHAM

REFERENCE AMIRA ATIQAH BINTI MUSTAFA

APPENDICES AMIRA ATIQAH BINTI

MUSTAFA

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 INTRODUCTION

Leveling is the art of determining relative height or elevations of different points on the earth
surface. The elevation of a point has been defined as its vertical distance above and below a given
reference level surface and usually a mean sea level. The leveling work can be carried out by using
direct method or indirect method. The main equipment needed to carry out leveling works is level
and staffs. The elevation of the point is calculated using Height of Collimation Method or by using
Rise and Fall Method. The final works of the leveling is to transform the numerical data into graphic
form either in map or drawing.

Cross-Section Levelling In profile levelling, you determine the elevations of a series of

points lengthwise along a highway. In cross-section levelling, you determine the elevations of
points on a succession of lines running at right angles to the lengthwise line of the highway. The
principal purpose of profile levelling is to provide data from which the depth of fill or cut
required to bring the existing surface up to, or down to, the grade elevation required for the
highway can be determined. Note that profile levelling provides this data relative to the center
line

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 OBJECTIVE

 To provide a longitudinal and cross section plan.

 To calculate reduced level of all the point taken
 To perform correction to the reduced level
 To plot a longitudinal profile and cross section with a suitable scale

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APPARATUS

1) Tripod

2) Staff

3) Bubble Staff

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 4) Auto Level

5) Measuring Tape

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 METHODOLOGY

A known point (BM/TBM) was observed.

50m jogging track was measured, a cross-section for every 10m was
determined.

At least three readings on each sided was observed for each cross-section
with 0.5m interval.

A few points which are intermediate sight were observed.

The levelling equipment was set up and label as setup 1.

The readings of foresight, backsight and intermediate sight were taken and
recorded.

The following steps were repeated by changing the setup until the closing
reading are BM.

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 RESULTS

BS IS FS /m Rise /m Fall Height Correction Height Distance Remark

/m /m /m /m Adjusted /m s
/m
2.3 50.00 0 50 42.8 BM
1.45 0.85 50.85 0.43 50.42 A1
1.43 0.02 50.87 0.43 50.44 A2
1.34 0.09 50.96 0.43 50.53 A3
1.40 0.06 50.90 0.43 50.47 A4
1.39 0.01 50.91 0.43 50.48 A5
1.45 0.06 50.85 0.43 50.42 B1
1.48 0.03 50.82 0.43 50.39 B2
1.45 0.03 50.85 0.43 50.42 B3
1.51 0.06 50.79 0.43 50.36 B4
1.50 0.01 50.80 0.43 50.37 B5
1.56 0.06 50.74 0.43 50.31 C1
1.58 0.02 50.72 0.43 50.29 C2
1.55 0.03 50.75 0.43 50.32 C3
1.63 0.08 50.67 0.43 50.24 C4
1.62 0.01 50.68 0.43 50.25 C5
1.67 0.05 50.63 0.43 50.2 D1
1.75 0.08 50.55 0.43 50.12 D2
1.70 0.05 50.60 0.43 50.17 D3
1.80 0.1 50.50 0.43 50.07 D4
1.78 0.02 50.52 0.43 50.09 D5
2.16 0.38 50.14 0.43 49.71 E1
2.17 0.01 50.13 0.43 49.7 E2
2.10 0.07 50.20 0.43 49.77 E3
2.18 0.08 50.12 0.43 49.69 E4
2.13 0.05 50.17 0.43 49,74 E5
2.63 0.5 49.67 0.43 49.24 F1
2.65 0.02 49.65 0.43 49.22 F2
2.57 0.0800 49.73 0.43 49.3 F3
2.61 0.04 49.69 0.43 49.26 F4
2.41 2.620 0.01 49.68 0.43 49.25 42.7 F5
1.235 1.175 50.86 0.86 50 32.8 BM

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 CALCULATION

For A1 :

Backsight – Foresight/Intermediate sight = (+) Rise / (-) Fall

= 2.3m – 1.45m

= 0.85m (Rise)

Height :

= 50m + 0.85m

= 50.85m

Misclosure limit :

±12 √k k = total distance (km)

= 12 √0.1183

= 4.13mm

Misclosure(experiment) :

= 50.86m – 50m

= 0.86m

= 860 mm

Correction :

Misclosure
Checkpoint (Setup) ×
Total Setup

Checkpoint that used Setup 1 :

0.86
=1×
2

= 0.43m

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Checkpoint that used Setup 2 :

0.86
=2×
2

= 0.86 m

Height Adjusted

Height - Correction

= 50.85 – 0.43

= 50.42 m

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 DISCUSSION

During the fourth practical session for the geomatic lab, Levelling II which to obtain longitudinal
section and the cross section was carried out at the Jogging Track K11.The main objective of this
practical session was to provide a longitudinal and cross section plan, to take an accurate backsight,
foresight and also the intermediate sight reading and to plot a longitudinal profile and cross section
with suitable scale.
The equipment that involved during the practical session were tripod ,staff ,bubble staff ,auto level
and measuring tape.The bubble staff usage is very important to set it on the staff as to get an accurate
reading of the height.The function of measuring tape is to obtain the distance from the benchmark to
the setup place or points that has been marked.
The required length of profile is 50 m with a cross -section area of 10 m for every interval and the
known point which is the benchmark height is 50 m.Our teammates has labelled 7 remarks which
started with the Benchmark and for points A,B,C,D,E and F which has 5 points each.As for
example,A1,A2,A3,A4, and A5 and it was the same for other points.The remarks ended with the
Benchmark (BM) as the closing points.The reading from the auto level was taken from the setup
points of minimum only 2 which were A1 and F5 ,and the rise and the fall magnitude was also been
taken which for the final reading of the benchmark (BM),we obtained a reading of 50.86 m which has
a difference of 0.86 m from the initial benchmark (BM) reading.Supposedly,our closing point,which
was the benchmark (BM) should have the same magnitude as for the initial reading and due to
that,there must be an error during the whole procedures.The misclosure has been calculated with the
obtained informations from the data .

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 RECOMMENDATION

For this fourth practical session that was held at the jogging track of K11,there are some
recommendations as for the improvements in obtaining an accurate results. The first recommendation
is that when the students taking the reading through the auto level,any magnets tools must not be near
them and also near to the auto level as it will actually gives inaccurate reading that will actually
effect the results.Then,we need to have a very good and strategic setups that connect the benchmarks
and all the points as to make our job more easier and as to get an accurate reading,the minimum of 2
setups need to be set.The more the setup,the more accurate reading we will obtain.Next,make sure
that the auto level and the tripod been set properly and double check the work and also the reading of
the auto level constantly.

CONCLUSION

As the conclusion for this fourth practical session,we manage to obtain and provide a longitudinal
and cross-section plan on the jogging track of K11.Then,we manage to set up the equipments that we
had used and we obtained the way of how to calculate the forsight,backsight and also the
intermediate sight reading.

REFERENCES

BOOK :

1. Lecture notes Geomatic Engineering (ECV3511)

INTERNET :

1. https://www.scribd.com/document/187132157/Surveying-BEC102-4-Longitudinal-and-
Cross-Sections
2. http://allaboutengineeringworks.blogspot.my/2012/02/lab-report-leveling-survey-
longitudinal.html
3. http://civilatwork.blogspot.my/2013/09/profile-levelling-and-cross-levelling.html

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 APPENDICES

Tripod and auto level 50m measuring tape

Taking the readings of levelling

Using the staff and bubble staff for taking
the measurement

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