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Shaking Tie-Back Wall
Shaking Tie-Back Wall
Shaking Tie-Back Wall
com
20
18
16
14
Elevation - m
12
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Distance - m
Pile moments
20
18
16
Y (m)
14
12
10
8
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Moment (kN-m)
5 Dynamic shaking
Now we can use the SIGMA/W computed static stresses as the initial (Parent) conditions for the
QUAKE/W dynamic analysis.
The earthquake record used for this case is shown in Figure 3.
Only linear-elastic soil properties are used to reduce the complexity of this illustrative example. Linear-
elastic properties are adequate to demonstrate the QUAKE/W features and capabilities.
0.4
0.3
0.2
Acceleration ( g )
0.1
0.0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
0 2 4 6 8 10
Time (sec)
Figure 4 shows the computed oscillations in the moments in the sheet-pile wall. The results suggest that
the wall is bending in the form of a wave.
Pile moments
20
18
1 sec
16 2 sec
3 sec
Y (m)
4 sec
14 5 sec
6 sec
7 sec
12
8 sec
9 sec
10 10 sec
8
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Moment (kN-m)
Figure 5 shows the variation of the axial force in the grouted length of the anchor during the shaking at
five different times. The forces are, of course, the highest (most negative indicating tension) where the
bonded length is connected to the free length portion of the anchor (x = 16.75).
Figure 6 shows the corresponding axial force in the free (unbonded) length of the upper anchor. Note that
at time zero, the axial force is equal to the static force from the SIGMA/W analysis.
anchor forces
-30
-40
-50
1 sec
Axial Force (kN)
-60
2 sec
-70
3 sec
-80
4 sec
-90
5 sec
-100
-110
12 13 14 15 16 17
X (m)
Figure 5 Axial forces in the grouted (bonded) anchor length during the earthqauke
Bar
-50
-60
-70
-80
Axial Force (kN)
-90
-100
-110
-120
-130
-140
0 2 4 6 8 10
Time (sec)
6 Concluding remarks
This example illustrates how the results from a SIGMA/W soil-structure interaction analysis can be used
in QUAKE/W to subject the structure to the effects of an earthquake.
The trends in the structural moments and axial force appear to be correct. Unfortunately, there is no way
to verify the magnitudes of the forces. Another example named, Structural Beams in Quake, demonstrates
that the formulations for the beam and bar elements in QUAKE/W are correct.