International Journal of Mechanical and Production

Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD)

ISSN (P): 2249-6890; ISSN (E): 2249-8001
Vol. 8, Issue 1, Feb 2018, 353-364
© TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF STEADY MHD FREE CONVECTIVE

FLUID FLOW PAST AN INCLINED STRETCHING POROUS SHEET WITH

VISCOUS DISSIPATION AND RADIATION

K. V. CHANDRA SEKHAR1 & V. MANJULA2

1
Department of Mathematics, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
2
Research Scholar, Konerulakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT

The present paper describes MHD free convection flow past inclined porous stretching sheet under the
influence of viscous dissipation and Radiation effects. Similarity transformations are used to reduce non linear partial
differential equations to ordinary differential equations. Approximate solutions have been derived for velocity,
temperature and concentration, using R-k method of fourth order along with shooting technique. Graphical analysis has
been done to identify influences of different physical parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration.

KEYWORDS: Angle of Inclination, Magnetic Field, Eckert Number, Radiation Parameter, Porosity & Chemical

Original Article
Reaction Parameter

Received: Nov 23, 2017; Accepted: Dec 14, 2017; Published: Jan 06, 2018; Paper Id.: IJMPERDFEB2018039

1. NOMENCLATURE
α Angle of inclination

B0 Magnetic field strength

σ Electrical conductivity

σ1 Stefan-Boltzmann constant

ρ Density of the fluid

ψ Stream function

u Velocity component along x direction

v Velocity component along y direction

T Fluid temperature

θ Dimensionless fluid temperature

η Dimensionless distance normal to the sheet

T∞ Free stream temperature

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354 K. V. Chandra Sekhar & V. Manjula

Tw Uniform sheet temperature

κ Thermal conductivity

cp Specific heat at constant pressure

Q0 Volumetric rate of heat generation/absorption

qr Heat flux

C Concentration

C∞ Free stream concentration

ϕ Dimensionless concentration

Cw Concentration of the sheet at wall

κ Thermal conductivity

κ1 Mean absorption coefficient

ν Kinematic viscosity

g0 Acceleration due to gravity

k Porosity

2. INTRODUCTION

Investigation of radiation interaction with natural convection got good significance in recent years. This is due to
the presence of thermal radiation in the surface heat transfer. In technical processes like paper production, crystal growing,
glass blowing, aerodynamics, we can observe boundary layer flow on continuous surfaces. Because of this, heat transfer
analysis plays vital role in industries. Ostrach [9] studied the laminar convection flow and heat transfer of fluid with
constant wall temperature. Hossain and Takhar [5] analyzed the effect of radiation effects on free convection flow of a gas
past a semi infinite flat plate. Ali et al. [1] examined the radiation effect on natural convection flow over a vertical surface
in a gray gas. Later, Mansour [8] investigated the interaction of mixed convection with thermal radiation in laminar
boundary layer flow over a horizontal, continuous moving sheet with suction/injection. Sattar and Kalim [10] analyzed the
combined unsteady free convection dynamic boundary layer and thermal radiation boundary layer on a semi-infinite
vertical plate by using the Roseland diffusion approximation. Chen [4] investigated natural convection flow over a
permeable surface with variable wall temperature and concentration. The viscous dissipation plays an important role in the
cooling of nuclear reactors. K. V. Chandrasekhar [3] analyzed the heat transfer of MHD flow over exponentially stretching
sheet. Viscous dissipation effects on non-linear MHD flow in a porous medium over a stretching porous surface have been
analyzed by S. P. Anjali Devi and B. Ganga [2]. Jha and Ajibade [6] studied the effect of viscous dissipation on natural
convection flow between vertical parallel plates with time-periodic boundary conditions. Hassan et al [7] considered the

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Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis of Steady MHD Free Convective Fluid Flow Past an Inclined 355
Stretching Porous Sheet with Viscous Dissipation and Radiation

combined effect of viscous dissipation and radiation on free convection flow an inclined stretching sheet. In the present
analysis chemical reaction was included, in addition to the problem of Hassan et al [7].

3. MATHEMATICAL MODEL

A steady-state two-dimensional heat and mass transfer flow of an electrically conducting viscous incompressible
chemically reacting fluid is considered along an isothermal permeable stretching sheet making an angle of inclination α
to the vertical embedded in a porous medium with heat generation/absorption. A strong magnetic field is applied along the
y-axis direction. Here the effect of the induced magnetic field is assumed to be small enough in comparison to the applied
magnetic field. The electrical current flowing in the fluid will develop induced magnetic field if the fluid were an electrical
insulator, but here we have taken the fluid to be electrically conducting. Hence, only the applied magnetic field of strength

B0 plays a role which gives rise to magnetic forces in x-direction, F=

σ B02 in x – direction, where σ is the electrical
u

conductivity assumed to be directly proportional to the x- translational velocity. Two equal and opposite forces are
introduced along the x- axis so that the sheet is stretched keeping the origin fixed as shown in Figure.

Geometry of the Problem

The fluid is assumed to be gray, absorbing emitting radiation, but non scattering medium and the Roseland
approximation is used to describe the radiation heat flux in the energy equation. The radiative heat flux in the -direction is

T C
negligible in the y-direction. The plate temperature and concentration are initially raised to w and w respectively, which

T
are thereafter maintained constant. The ambient temperature of the flow is ∞ and the concentration of the uniform flow

C
is ∞ . The flow and heat transfer in the presence of radiation are described as follows.

∂ u ∂v
+ =0 (1)
∂ x ∂y

∂u ∂v ∂ 2u σ B02u ν u bu 2
u + v =ν + g0 β (T − T∞ ) cos α − − − (2)
∂x ∂y ∂y 2 ρ k k

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356 K. V. Chandra Sekhar & V. Manjula

2
∂T ∂T κ ∂ 2T Q0 ν  ∂u  1 ∂qr
u +v = + (T − T∞ ) +   − (3)
∂x ∂y ρ c p ∂y 2 ρc p cp  ∂y  ρ c p ∂y

∂C ∂C ∂ 2C
u +v = Dm − kr 2 (C − C∞ ) (4)
∂x ∂y ∂y 2

The corresponding boundary conditions are

u = Dx, v = vw ( x), T = Tw , C = Cw at y = 0 ,

u = 0, T = T∞ , C = C∞ As y → ∞ . (5)

By using Rosseland approximation, takes the form

4σ ∂T 4
qr = −
3κ1 ∂y (6)

It is assumed that the temperature difference within the flow is sufficiently so that may be expressed as a linear
function of temperature.

(7)
T 4 ≅ 4T∞3T − 3T∞3

Using (7) in (3) gives

2
∂T ∂T κ ∂ 2T Q0 ν  ∂u  16σ1T∞3 ∂ 2T
u +v = + (T − T∞ ) +   + (8)
∂x ∂y ρ c p ∂y 2 ρcp cp  ∂y  3ρ c pκ1 ∂y 2

4. SIMILARITY ANALYSIS

To obtain the similarity solution, the following similarity transformations are used.

D ν Re x T − T∞ C − C∞
η=y ,ψ = x f (η ) , θ (η ) = , ϕ (η ) = (9)
ν Re x D Tw − T∞ Cw − C∞

Using the above transformations equations (2), (8) and (4) takes the form

Re x  k   Fs  Re x
f (η ) f ′′ (η ) +  M +  f ′ (η ) + 1 +  D f ′ (η ) − γ Re x Dθ cos α
2
f ′′′ +
D  Da   Da  (10)

PnEc Pn Re x
θ ′′ (η ) + Pn Re x Qθ + f ′′ (η ) + θ ′ (η ) f (η ) = 0
2
D2 D (11)

Sc Re x
ϕ ′′ (η ) + f (η ) ϕ (η ) − kr 2ϕ = 0
D (12)

Where,

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Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis of Steady MHD Free Convective Fluid Flow Past an Inclined 357
Stretching Porous Sheet with Viscous Dissipation and Radiation

G rx g 0 β (T − T∞ ) σ B0 2 k x2D b
γ = = ,M = , Da = ,Rex = , Fs = ,
Re x2 D2x ρD x 2 ν x
µcp Q0 2 2
D x κκ 1 3N Pr ν
Pr = ,Q = , Ec = N = , Pn = , Sc =
κ ρcpD c p (T − T ∞ ) 4 σ 1T ∞ 3 4 + 3N Dm
(13)

The boundary conditions (5) transformed as

f (η ) = Fw, f ′ (η ) = 1,θ (η ) = 1, ϕ (η ) = 1 atη = 0 (14)

−ν w
f ′ (η ) = 0, θ (η ) = 0, ϕ (η ) = 0 As η → ∞ Where Fw =
Dν
Numerical Computation

Numerical solution for the nonlinear ode (10), (11) and (12) along with boundary conditions (14) are derived
using R - K method of fourth order through MATLAB CODE.

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

For the discussion of results of flow field, the numerical computations were presented in the form of profiles of
non dimensional velocity temperature and concentration Numerical computations have been carried out for different values
of the suction parameter ( F w ), Magnetic field parameter (M), permeable parameter ( k ) angle of inclination ( α ), heat
source parameter (Q), radiation parameter (N), Reynolds number (Re), Eckert number (Ec), chemical reaction parameter
( k c ), and Schmidt number ( S c ). The results are in good agreement with That of Hasan et al [7]. The results of the
numerical solution for the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are depicted in Figures 1 – 14.

Velocity profiles for different values of α , k, Re, M and Fw were shown in Figure –1to 5. From Figure – 1, It was
observed that increase of angle of inclination results in decrease in velocity, but as we move away from the sheet reverse
trend was observed. This is due to decrease in buoyancy force. Figure – 2 depicts that increase of permeability decreases
the velocity. But far away from the sheet the effect is not significant. Figure – 3 depicts velocity decreases with increase of
Reynolds number. Figure – 4 shows the influence of Magnetic parameter on velocity. It can be seen that flow is slow near
the sheet with increase of M. But later a reverse trend was observed. Figure – 5 describes effect of suction parameter on the
flow. It is noticed that velocity decreases with increase of suction.

Figure 1: Velocity Profiles for Different Values of Angle of Inclination

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358 K. V. Chandra Sekhar & V. Manjula

Figure 2: Velocity Profiles for Different Values of Porosity

Figure 3: Velocity Profiles for Different Values of Reynolds Number

Figure 4: Velocity Profiles for Different Values of Magnetic Parameter

Figure 5: Velocity Profiles for Different Values of Suction Parameter

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Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis of Steady MHD Free Convective Fluid Flow Past an Inclined 359
Stretching Porous Sheet with Viscous Dissipation and Radiation

Figures 6 - 10 shows the impact of Radiation, Heat source, Reynolds number, suction parameter and Ekert
number It was observed that increase of Heat source, Reynolds number, Ekert number leads to increase in temperature, but
decreases with increase of Radiation parameter, and suction.

Figure 6: Temperature Profiles for Different Values of Radiation Parameter

Figure 7: Temperature Profiles for Different Values of Heat Source

Figure 8: Temperature Profiles for Different Values of Reynolds Number

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360 K. V. Chandra Sekhar & V. Manjula

Figure 9: Temperature Profiles for Different Values of Suction Parameter

Figure 10: Temperature Profiles for Different Ekert Number

Figures 11-14 shows decrease of concentration profiles under the influence of chemical reaction parameter,
Schmidt number, Reynolds number and suction parameter.

Figure 11: Concentration Profiles for Different Values of Chemical Reaction Parameter

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Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis of Steady MHD Free Convective Fluid Flow Past an Inclined 361
Stretching Porous Sheet with Viscous Dissipation and Radiation

Figure 12: Concentration Profiles for Different Values of Schmidt Number

Figure 13: Concentration Profiles for Different Values of Reynolds Number

Figure 14: Concentration Profiles for Different Values of Suction Parameter

CONCLUSIONS

The present study is to analyze the influence of different physical parameters on the MHD free convective flow
past inclined sheet. Similarity transformations used by Hasan et al[7] for velocity components along x – direction and y-

direction are u = Dxf ′(η ), v = − Dν f (η ) . But in the present discussion, the transformations given by equation (9)
contains Reynolds number. That is why, we have shown contribution of Reynolds number on velocity, temperature and
concentration profiles. However, the results obtained by us are in agreement with those of Hasn et al[7]. The main purpose
of attempting this problem is due to its vast application in industries, to determine the quality of the final product. ,

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362 K. V. Chandra Sekhar & V. Manjula

Finally, we can make the following conclusions of the present discussion.

• Velocity decreases with increase of Reynolds number and suction parameter. But as the angle of inclination
porosity and magnetic parameter increases velocity increases up to η = 2 and decreases thereafter.

• Temperature decreases with increase of Radiation, suction parameter, but increases with increase of Heat source,
Reynolds number and Ekert number.

• Concentration decreases with increase of Chemical reaction parameter, Schmidt number, Reynolds number and
suction parameter.

Finally here, the comparative results of skin – friction ( f ′′(0) ), Nusselt number ( −θ ′(0) ) and Sherwood
number ( −ϕ ′(0) ) are given under the influence of various parameters.

Present Results
Pr Q Ec N f ′′(0) −θ ′(0) −ϕ ′(0)
0.71 0.50 0.1 0.5 3.3190 0.2721 0.4668
0.71 0.75 0.1 0.5 3.8393 0.2072 0.4801
7.0 0.75 0 0.5 2.3040 0.6987 0.3399
Results of Hasan et al
0.71 0.50 0.1 0.5 3.40388 0.26724 0.46977
0.71 0.75 0.1 0.5 3.5041 0.19956 0.47801
7.0 0.75 0 0.5 2.25432 0.65081 0.33366

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