Design of Stairs

There are many types of stairs. Each one has its own usage & properties.
This program will design a general case which looks something like the drawing below.

R Landi
u ng
n
R
is
e
Landi
ng
Do
wn
L
a
n
d

n
g
i
U
p

Usually the length for run varies between 25 to 33 cm, and 15 to 20 cm for Rises.
Stairs must be designed for the worst case. In case of emergency, usually people use stairs
to evacuate a building. Therefore, it can be crowded and Carrying a big load (Load of people=L.L).
Slope of the stairs should be between 30 to 40 degrees.

TYPICAL UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED DESIGN LOADS

DESIGN LIVE LOAD
OCCUPANCY CONTENTS lb/ft2 Kg/m2
Assembly hall Fixed seats 60 290
Movable seats 100 480
Hospital Operating rooms 60 290
Private rooms 40 190
Hotel Guest rooms 40 190
Puplic rooms 100 480
Balconies 100 480
Housing Private houses and apartments 40 190
Puplic rooms 100 480
Institution Classrooms 100 480
Corridors 100 480
Library Reading rooms 60 290
Stack rooms 150 720
Office Building Offices 50 240
Lobbies 100 480
Stairs (or balconies) 100 480
Storage Warehouses Light 100 480
Heavy 250 1200
Yards and terraces 100 480
Project Name
Subject Design of Stairs
Element Number Stair-case No.1
Done By YOUR LOGO
Date 4/28/2018 13:28

Insert fc' = 30 Mpa

Insert fy = 420 Mpa
Insert the Concrete Density = 2500 Kg/m3
Insert Live Load = 480 Kg/m2
Insert Rise height = 17 cm
Insert Run width = 30 cm
Insert the Slope of the stair (in degrees) = 35
Assume the thickness of the slab (waist) = 20 cm

Weight of one step = 246.86637 Kg/Step

Then Average weight per meter = 822.8879 Kg/m
Weight of Landing = 500 Kg/m
(For 1 meter wide)
Insert the weight of step cover = 3 Kg/m
Then, the Dead Load on Stairs = 825.8879 Kg/m
And the Dead Load on Landing = 503 Kg/m
Wu (on the Stairs) = 1972.2431 Kg/m
Wu (on Landings) = 1520.2 Kg/m
Because the load on the landing is carried into two directions, only half of the load will be
considered in each direction.
0.5Wu(on landings) = 760.1 Kg/m 1972.2431 Kg/m
760.1
Landing Length ( I ) = 1 m Kg/m
Stair Length ( II ) = 3 m
Then Total Length = 5 m
Taking Moment @ A = 0
Reaction @ A (Kg) = 1746.2215 Kg
Reaction @ B (Kg) = 1746.2215 Kg

Maximum Bending Moment & Steel Reinforcement

Moment @ Midspan
Mu = 626.58038 Kg.m

d = Slab thickness - Concrete Cover - (0.5 bar diameter " can be ignored")
Insert Concrete Cover (in cm.) = 2 cm
d= 18 cm
Mu = Ø As fy (d - a/2) = Ø As fy (d - As fy / 1.7 fc' b) Where a = As fy / 0.85 fc' b
Then:
3.11E+08 (As)^2 - 6804000 As + 626.58038 = 0
Hence, As = 0.0217647 m² or 21764.662 mm² 33.743661 in2
As = 9.248E-05 m² or 92.481308 mm² 0.1433819 in2
a = 1.5232215 mm 0.0599694 in
As = 92.481308 mm2

Minimum As = 666.66667 mm2

Then, As (Used) = 666.66667 mm2

Insert the Bar No. = 12

Then, Diameter = 11.63 mm
Area = 106.23077 mm2
No. of Bars needed = 6 Per Unit meter
Total No. of Bars = 22 Spaced @ 17 cm

Transverse reinforcement must be provided to account for shrinkage.

As = 0.0018 x b x d As = 360 mm2/m
Insert the Bar No. = 10
The Diameter (mm) = 9.5 mm
Area = 70.88235 mm2
No. of Bars needed = 5
Total No. of Bars = 18 Spaced @ 20 cm

Minimum Slab thickness for deflection = L/25 which = 20 cm

But this is for simply supported slab. In our case, we can assume L/28
Therefore, Minimum slab thickness (cm) = 18 cm Where Assumed = 20 cm
Slab Thickness Assumed is O.K

Design of Landing 760.1 Kg/m

Assume it to be simply supported.
Maximumu Bending moment = 95.0125 Kg.m
Bars in the landing will be placed at the
top of the main reinforcement.
d is almost the same as previously: 1m

Mu = Ø As fy (d - a/2) = Ø As fy (d - As fy / 1.7 fc' b) Where a = As fy / 0.85 fc' b

Then:
3.11E+08 (As)^2 - 6804000 As + 95.0125 = 0

Hence, As = 0.0218432 m² or 21843.17 mm² 33.865379 in2

As = 1.397E-05 m² or 13.973145 mm² 0.0216638 in2
a = 0.2301459 mm 0.0090609 in
As = 13.973145 mm2

Minimum As = 666.66667 mm2 Checking the shear

Then, As (Used) = 666.66667 mm2 Width of the stairs = 1 m
Vu = 1617.2393 Kg
Insert the Bar No. = 12 ØVc = 14246.264 Kg
The Diameter (mm) = 11.63 No shear Reinf. is required, minimum is recommended
Area = 106.23077 mm2
No. of Bars needed = 6 Per Unit meter
Total No. of Bars = 6 Spaced @ 17 cm
 30cm

17cm No.12
No.12 No.10 Spaced @
Spaced @ 20cm 17cm
17cm No.10
Spaced @
No.12 20cm
Spaced @
17cm
No.12
Spaced @
17cm
1m 3m 1m
 R
u
B
n Slab
RiA B
thicknes
s s
e Stair
A slope
I I I
I