6G TECHNOLOGY

Syed Haider Ali

B-20174

Abstract
From past year wireless technology makes enormous growth. Evolution of wireless technology is
reached at 7.5G. Wireless technology future generation mobile communications will have higher
data transmission rates in 6G and 7G. Wireless technology is continuously one of the hottest
areas that are developing at a high speed, with advanced techniques emerging in all the fields of
mobile and wireless communications. This paper contains the information and discussion on
what is the possible 6G in mobile information communication technology? What are its features,
functions, benefits and time-scale? Which are the new technologies will support the
development of this most anticipated technology which is going to revolutionize the society as
most developed civilian society.
 Page |1

Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 2
Related Information ...................................................................................................................................... 2
Advantages................................................................................................................................................ 2
Disadvantages ........................................................................................................................................... 2
Applications............................................................................................................................................... 3
Challenges ................................................................................................................................................. 3
Proposed Idea ............................................................................................................................................... 3
Pico Cell ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Micro Cell .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Macro Cell ............................................................................................................................................. 4
Satellite Cell........................................................................................................................................... 4
Radio fiber concept ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Features ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
Implementation strategies............................................................................................................................ 6
1. Smart Antennas................................................................................................................................. 6
2. Fly sensors ......................................................................................................................................... 7
Introduction in Pakistan ................................................................................................................................ 8
Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
 Page |2

Introduction
The cellular wireless generation “G” generally refers to a change in the nature of the system, speed,
technology and frequency. Each generation have some standards, capacities, techniques and new
features which differentiate it from the previous one. Currently 3G and 4G are most popular around the
world, as they are available on almost every mobile device today and people are obsessed with internet
speed that these technologies provide.

Concepts and functions of 6G technology have been developed, and 5G is under development phases.
With 6G devices are expected to move up to 10 GB or even more than that. This will also improve data
and voice quality with video calling and rich media. Addition to it is better security for data transmission
and wireless standards.

Related Information
6G will be based on All-IP network and real wireless world. It will be the best candidate to create an
infrastructure of World Wide Wireless Web (WWWW). It is required to use air fiber networks that will
be able to produce 300 mbps data rates practically and 10 GB/s theoretically.

6G won’t replace existing mobile phone networks. It will create a blend of existing and emerging
generations too. The main goal of 6G network is to create global telephone backbone, provide
connections for rural and developing areas and setup a global mobile communication.

Advantages
 No limit in access technology, bandwidth, multimedia services and speed similar to
supercomputer speed.
 Home automation and other related applications.
 User can able to buy and get any grocery, vegetable or any other item through his mobile
without any delay.
 Roaming facility for the mobile system not only in the earth but also in the entire planet.
 Zero delay time in streaming videos.
 Probability of expansion in data center configuration options.
 Nanotechnology can be improved efficiently.
 Communication can be possible without utilizing any frequency spectrum.
 Mobile system will communicate with the human brain to know human preferences and
thinking.
 Ever seen and every imaginable growth for cloud computing and Internet of Things.
 User can be able to avail all services in a single place or location through his/her mobile device.
 Zero distance connectivity between people.

Disadvantages
 Satellite or any advanced communications can be used for diverse disaster applications.
 Possible failure of many requirements.
 Possible failure of new technology due to non-acceptability from customers.
 Needs complicated infrastructure including software and hardware.
 The speed 6G technology claiming is may be difficult to achieve.
 Page |3

 No global standard or authorities will result in different requirements by different countries.

 Difficult to implement in underdeveloped and developing countries due to high cost.

Applications
 Intelligent robotic system can be controlled using mobile from any place.
 Accurate information about weather forecasting or natural disasters.
 Sea to space communication can be possible through a mobile handset.
 Natural disaster like an Earthquake, Tsunami can be controlled using 6G.
 Home based ATM can be developed and controlled using the mobile handset.
 6G can be effectively used in space and defense technology for better and quick
communication.
 Expected to produce energy from other galaxies.
 Comfortable and luxurious services.
 Like Smart cities, smart home, smart office, and smart village can be developed.
 Satellite to satellite communication can be achieved for the fair or good purpose of mankind.

Challenges
 6G being a satellite technology, security could be the major issue.
 Handoff and roaming will be a big issue in 6G because these satellite systems are different
networks and 6G has four different standards. So the handoff and roaming must take place
between these 4 networks but how it will occur is still a question.
 Researched have found that satellite communication systems have vulnerabilities and design
flaws. However, this could result in the evolution of 6.5G or 6.75G depending on the
implementation.
 Technology is not yet developed and there is no standard specification of the requirements of
6G.
 No proper research in the particular technologies and requirement specifications.
 No standard rules and regulations from standard bodies or authorities.
 Possible failure to achieve all expected requirements.
 Heavy Infrastructure cost.

Proposed Idea
6G mobile wireless communication technology is expected to provide services which are ideal in all
standards including seamless access, bandwidth, uploading downloading speed, voice calling, video
calling, streaming video and all other multimedia services. The mobile communication networks can
integrate satellite communication networks and 5G to make global coverage. The satellite networks
consist of navigation satellite networks, telecommunication satellite networks and Earth imaging
satellite networks. The navigation satellite networks are used for global position, the
telecommunication satellite networks are used for global telephony, multimedia video and high-speed
Internet connectivity and the Earth imaging satellite networks are used for resource monitoring and
weather information. It may include technologies such as Space-Division Multiple Access (SDMA),
Polarization-Division Multiple Access (PDMA), Demand Assignment Multiple Access (DAMA), Permanent
Assignment Multiple Access (PAMA), Cognitive radio technology and many more technologies will
evolve as research will progress. The classical satellite system includes mobile user link (MUK), gateway
 Page |4

link (GWL) and inter-satellite link (ISL). The integration will increase the performance, efficiency and
reliability. Also there will be limitless expansion because air waves cannot be over-crowded.

Actually, US military has deployed Global Position System (GPS) many years. European Galileo, Chinese
COMPASS and Russian GLONASS have being developed and deployed by military only and since 5G is
migration from 4G which is based on MCCDMA standard, if 6G integrates 5G with these four satellite
networks, 6G should have four standards. On the other words, there are four technologies, networks
and systems on 6G. Handoff/roaming must happen on space between any two networks and systems
and technologies.

Nano Antennas is implemented at different geographical locations like along roadsides, villages, malls,
airports, hospitals to broadcast high speed electromagnetic signals.

Like following hierarchy, the radio resources are divided,

Pico Cell
Pico cells are designed to serve very small area such as part of a building, a street corner, malls, railway
station etc.

Micro Cell
A conventional base station with 5W power and range is about 1 km to 5 km.

Macro Cell
A conventional base station with 20W power and range is about 20 km to 30 km.

Satellite Cell
Satellites divide the planet into cells. Satellite provides transmission capability to and from any location
on Earth, no matter how much remote.
 Page |5

Radio fiber concept

The concept radio over Fiber means to transport information over optical Fiber by modulating the light
with the radio signal. Radio over fiber technology is becoming increasingly important for wireless market
in order to support the ever growing data traffic volumes. Optical wireless networking connectivity can
typically be achieved using radiofrequency (RF) or optical wireless approaches at the physical level. The
RF spectrum is congested, and the provision of broadband services in new bands is increasingly more
difficult. Optical wireless networking offers a vast unregulated bandwidth that can be exploited by
mobile terminals within an indoor environment to set up high speed multimedia services.

The modulation can be done directly with the radio signal or at an intermediate frequency. The need for
increased capacity per unit area leads to higher operating frequencies (above 6 GHz) and smaller radio
cells, especially in in-door applications where the high operating frequencies encounter tremendously
high losses through the building walls. RoF uses highly linear optical fiber links to transmit and distribute
radio frequency (RF) signals from a central location where the base stations are situated to remote
antenna units (RAUs). This allows the RAUs to be extremely simple since they only need to contain
optoelectronic conversion devices and amplifiers.

The basic radio over Fiber system is depicted in figure.

 Page |6

Features
 Expected data speed of 10-11 GB/sec.
 Compatible with any service and access technologies.
 Expectation to provide accurate information about weather forecasting or natural disasters.
 Expected to provide coverage to the entire world with unified, single and global standard.
 User can be able to communicate and avail all service anywhere, anytime without physically
moving or by sitting in one place.
 Absolutely zero latency in accessing or availing services.
 One can able to control his intelligent robotic system using his mobile.
 Artificial sensor will be communicating with the human mobile system in order to serve based
on his/her mind thinking.
 Mobile can communicate with other planets like Moon, Mars or Jupiter.
 Single Noncore common for all nations and very small billing to end user.
 Communication without utilising any spectrum.
 Expanded and updated data center configuration.
 Mind to mind communication may be possible.

Implementation strategies
1. Smart Antennas
The smart antenna uses an array of antenna elements. The signals received by these antenna elements
are combined to form a beam pattern that can be steered using digital signal processing to a desired
direction that tracks mobile station (MS) as they move.

There are two major categories of smart antennas as shown in figure. One is a switched beam, which
forms a finite number of fixed and predefined beam patterns (direction and shape etc.). The other is an
adaptive beam forming, which forms beam patterns in real time. An example is depicted in figure,
where four MSs are served simultaneously by two physical channels in the cell using space division
multiplex access (SDMA) techniques.
 Page |7

Figure: Types of smart antennas

In order to provide high date rates at a low cost, smart antenna systems have been proposed for short-
range WLAN-type systems. Using the 60 GHz band requires an increased number of access points, but
may allow inexpensive radio access equipment. Systems at 5 GHz offer greater range, and have the
advantage that several users can share one access point, which offers flexibility for the operator at the
cost of more complex access points. Our research results so far show that dual arrays at above 5 GHz, in
indoor environments, fulfill the 6G requirements.

The assumption in the program is that high data rate wireless services can only be provided at a low cost
if infrastructure deployment costs are reduced by some orders of magnitude. In current cellular systems,
large sums are spent for antenna site acquisition, network planning, and installation of base station
transceivers, while hardware components are continuously getting cheaper. If wireless networks could
be deployed according to the wireless LAN paradigm (i.e., by customers themselves wherever wireless
access is desired) and still offer sufficiently high data rates and guarantee adequate coverage, large cost
savings would be possible. Acceptable bandwidth can be found for example, around 17 and 60 GHz.
Propagation at these frequencies suffers high free-space loss, strong shadowing by humans, and high
attenuation by common building materials. The number of wireless access points (APs) required to
achieve sufficient coverage is therefore high.

2. Fly sensors
The globe is decorated by fly sensors with the help of 6G technology. They will provide information to
their remote observer station further these stations will check any activity upon a special area such as
the activity of terrorists, intruders etc. The point to point wireless communication networks transmit
super-fast broadband signals through the air at high speed optical fiber lines to transmit the secured
information from transmitters to destinations. The radio over fiber system is already in running state,
but with the advent of this 6G technology, mankind will be much closer to any extraterrestrial
civilization in our universe.
 Page |8

Introduction in Pakistan
Telecom officials admit that the quality of 3G and 4G services is very low. Customers are not satisfied
with the quality of 3G and 4G services. There is a huge gap to be filled with regards to 3G and 4G
connectivity services. Pakistan's average 3G speed is among the lowest in the world at just 3.33Mbps. In
contrast, South Korea possesses the world's highest average mobile internet speed at 41.34Mbps. As far
as the 4G service is concerned, Zong and Warid are the only two operators currently providing it in
Pakistan. Warid provides 4G in a limited number of cities which it considers "major revenue-generating
cities". Zong claims to be a market leader for 4G services, but customers still face difficulties with
connectivity and availability of signals. Although a considerable chunk of the country, including Gilgit-
Baltistan and Azad Kashmir, remain deprived of 3G and 4G services, some operators facilitate customers
through provision of 2.75G services in the region.

IT Minister Anusha Rehman vowed in July 2016 that Pakistan would be among the early adopters of 5G
technology. No concrete efforts have been made in this regard as yet. When asked if the telecom sector
or his company in particular had made any preparations to introduce 5G technology in Pakistan,
Mobilink spokesman Omar Manzoor said 5G was a very new concept to the telecom sector, and that
there was an appetite for new technology in the country. He was of the view that measures in this
regard would be taken if and when the "need arises". Meanwhile, a source in Warid said the company
had no plans as yet to tap into 5G. Technology analyst Salim Karim was of the opinion that Zong is
interested in 5G technology and its parent company in China has made some developments in this
regard, but it is unclear what these developments may be. Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA)
Spokesperson Khurram Mehran told that concerned quarters were monitoring the situation closely as
5G technology has not yet been commercialised in the world. He said the authority would ensure
availability of required facilities for the service, such as allocations of frequency and a transparent
auction. Mehran added that Pakistan was late to introduce 3G and 4G services but hoped that the latest
technology would be adopted as soon as it is launched.

Conclusion
We can say that, present wireless technology (1G to 4G) is meeting all the requirements of users. But
present generation wants everything should be fast that’s why we are thinking about broad and fast
across all the boundary of requirement and efficiency. That’s why we are thinking about next generation
of wireless network 6G. Satellite network will be used from 6G mobile communication systems and
onwards. In 6G the cost of mobile call will be relatively high but in 7G this problem will be improved and
the cost of call will be reduced which will benefit the low level user. We hope that this study besides
helping people in their research, will also promote future concepts of mobile communication and
internet services.