Lesson Plan

Lesson : Carbohydrates

Aim :

To study the structure and reducing properties of some carbohydrates.

Learning Outcomes :

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to :

• classify carbohydrates as monosaccharides, disaccharides or polysaccharides

• classify monosaccharides as aldoses or ketoses

• explain the reducing properties of glucose and fructose.

Assumed prior knowledge :

Students should already be familiar with :

1. hydroxy and carbonyl compounds

2. the use of Tollens’ reagent as a mild oxidising agent.

Underlying Principles

1. Making the invisible, visible.

2. Enabling students to know what to look for.

Differentiation

Questions in the student notes are designed to enable all students to complete the activity.
The pop-up answers are provided for the students to view when they have considered their
responses. Worksheet questions include questions that require recall, understanding and
application of the new concepts learned.

© 2004 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 1 of 4

Development of Lesson :

No. Steps Strategy Resources

1 Set Induction.
(Ascertaining prior • Teacher to get students to recall the
knowledge and structures of carbonyl compounds and the
introducing lesson reducing property of aldehydes.
topic for the day). • Teacher to point out lesson objectives for
the day.

2 Student Activity Teacher to go through Activities 1 & 2 • Courseware

with the students.

Activity 1 : Types of carbohydrates

Students get to study how carbohydrates
are classified as monosaccharides,
disaccharides and polysaccharides. They
also get to view the open chain form as
well as the ring form of glucose and
fructose molecules.

Activity 2 : Reducing sugars

Students get to view how reducing sugars

like glucose and fructose produce a silver
mirror with Tollens’ reagent.

3 Evaluation • Students to answer questions in the • Worksheet

student worksheet on their own.

4 Extension activity • Students to read up reference materials • References

on their own.

© 2004 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 2 of 4

Worksheet Answers

1. Types of carbohydrates

1.1 D

1.2 a. Tetroses
b. Pentoses
c. Hexoses

1.3 a. A six-carbon polyhydroxy ketone.

b. i. Glucose
ii. Fructose

c. i. Aldopentose
ii. Ketohexose
iii. Aldohexose
iv. Ketopentose

1.4 a. H O
b. H O
C C

H C OH H C OH

HO C H HO C H

H C OH H C OH
••
H C OH H C OH
H C H H C H
OH OH

c. Nucleophilic addition

d. CH22 OH CH22 OH
H O H H O OH
H H
or
OH OH H OH OH OH H H

H OH H OH

1.5 a. A disaccharide is made up of two monosaccharide molecules linked

together by the elimination of a water molecule.

b. Maltose or lactose

c. Fructose and glucose

© 2004 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 3 of 4

1.6 a. They are condensation polymers made up of many monosaccharide
units joined together to form long chains.

b. Starch and cellulose

2. Reducing sugars

2.1 a. Carbohydrates that can reduce Fehling’s solution or Tollens’ reagent.

b. Fructose and glucose

2.2 A, C and D.

© 2004 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 4 of 4