Consolidated Gender Gap Audit Report

GENDER GAP AUDIT TOOLKIT
Consolidation Sheet
(as of Sept 3, 2010)
GROUPS DATA GATHERED INSIGHTS/IMPRESSIONS/OBSERVATIONS
ASSIGNED PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
COMMUNITY ECONOMIC SYSTEM
Productive Activities
Income Classification of the Community
Babasa An estimate of P6,000-P7,000 a month The Brgy. Captain didn’t have the exact figures/data for this
question but he had given us an estimate which was based
to figures from 3 years ago-an income estimate of (P4,000-
P5,000)
Common income earning activities in the community
Babasa Adult residents of Marytown usually work as drivers, maids (“kasambahay”) Since most of the residents are generally HS grads, this reality
and construction workers. The youth who are working students are usually was somewhat expected.
employed as crew members in fastfood chains. Their employment are But what about the few who had finished college? Is their fate
usually along the vicinity of the baranggay or Quezon City. the same? Why is this?
Villacorte Most of the women earn their income through their own sari- sari stores, Earning salary through jobs that are unstable wouldn’t be
doing manicure/pedicure and laundering clothes two times a day. As for enough for a large community with large family.
men, they make money by means of being tricycle driver or family.
Moreover, they also work as construction worker, electrician, carpenter and When it comes to earning incomes, men usually get the jobs
security guard as their daily basis. that pay higher salary.
Women do most of the inside or household jobs while men do

the outside and risky jobs.
The salaries both gained by men and women are just enough fir
their families or for themselves.
Babasa  For women, they do laundries for other people and some of them have  Women’s jobs are more on the household job that does not
stores in Mary town, selling food to earn money. But when they sell have any high earning as long as they are earning it would
food it is not constant because sometimes if their budget is not enough be fine for them. And for the men, they are more on to the
they won’t be able to sell food but if there would be extra that’s the physical works that men even have high pay when it comes
only time they would be able to sell food again. to work.
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 For the men, they would work as a painter, a construction worker,  For their income, they would have income when they have
janitor, driver and most of the masculine works. That in their jobs, some jobs offerings like for the women if there are people would
of them would have permanent jobs, some of them are contractual and ask them to do their laundries and if of course they have
some of them are just on call. extra money for food to sell. And for the men, if you are a
permanent employee they don’t have to worry because
they would have income that would come in but once you
are just a contractual or just on call, there are possibilities
that they would worry for everyday needs.
Bena  As of the data gathered last year by the INSA, it was shown that only  INSIGHT – although the source of living for each household
159 out of 531 residents have a job or have a means of income. were a little less than enough, they always found a way to
get through their daily expenses
 For the women, they are usually earning incomes through sari sari
stores, being a maid every Saturday and Sunday, and weaving clothes.  IMPRESSION – the income earned was a bit small for the
On the other hand, the men earn income through being a carpenter, families of Marytown because almost all families have a
security guard, tricycle driver, call center agent and factory workers. large count of family members
 OBSERVATION – incomes were from sari sari stores,

carinderias and carpentry
Porta  The job employment of the citizens can be categorized into 3 groups:  There are numerous sari-sari stores in the area
Regular workers, Contractual Workers and Day Workers.  Jobs of the residents in the area are mostly vocational and
 Sari-sari stores are usually the primary source of income along with involve manual labor
being fruit/vegetable vendors  Income of most of the residents are not regular because
 Jobs of men are usually family drivers, security guards, construction they depend on a Day-to-Day profit thus do not have
workers, maintenance (janitors), factory workers, Call Center agents, monthly paychecks
promodizer/ merchandiser  How can all the sari-sari stores stay in business if they are
 Jobs for women are usually household helpers, Plantasadora & practically next to each other and are so many? Don’t they
Labandera, parlor personnel, manicurist, seamstress go bankrupt?
 What about the issue of Child Labor?
 According to the residents, most of them earn their income through  Even though both men and women have some jobs that
their sari-sari stores and their own job like selling accessories and other provide them income, it is still not enough and they resort
products. on borrowing money from their cooperatives and
 Some of the women in Marytown are working as labandera, employers.
plantasadora and other household related activities as their sidelines.  In order to survive, women are experiencing some double
 While their husbands are usually drivers, construction workers, cook, burden in taking care of the family and finding some ways
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and security guards. on how they can solve their financial problems.
Camba  Women engage in selling foods in their sari-sari store and they do this  The productive activities are still dominated by men. One
every day (store near the house; ihawan) striking idea that the interviewees said was the notion of
 Capital:500-1000 poverty. Poverty caused women to engage on productive
activities. But it is noticeable that the burden still remains
 Tubo: 200-300 evident amongst women since they are still expected to
take care of the children, does the household work while at
 (PhP 25 given to helper in buying the necessary things at the
the same engage on income – earning activities so to
market/grocery for selling)
provide extra income for the family.
 Men work as drivers (family, school service, PUV). They from Monday
 Most men engaged in construction work have unstable
to Saturday and some up to Sunday for 8 hours.
income since most of them are on a contractual and not on
 Family Driver:400/day a regular basis
 School Service: 100/week  As far as the group is concerned, women are the ones who
 PUV:300-400 boundary are go to the neighborhood and ask for money if the
 Men also work as Construction Workers and usually on a contractual husband receives a meager salary – not enough to sustain
basis the needs of the family.
 Mon-Sat (8am-6pm)  Assessing the number of jobs and hours of women and
men’s work (whether productive or reproductive) the
 Overtime (8hrs.-10 hrs.)
results will show that women are the ones who have more
 buildings unpaid work, more hours of work.
 SM: 220 - 350  Because many women are receiving OFW remittances, it
 Painter: 400/day -ateneo goes to say that there are more men than women who have
 Most women work in factory (Garments) and a few men too. the opportunity to work abroad.
 Monday - Friday  Female elders assist in selling foods and other products.
 8-12 hrs
 Pasig, Antipolo, Sucat, Paranaque, Bulacan, Caloocan
 Some women engage in dress – making
 Payment depends on order usually Php300-500 per piece
 Women work in salon (haircut, manicure and pedicure, make-up) and
a few men too
 Open Monday - sunday
 Haircut: 40/person
 Salon: 80
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 massage
 Service: 100/person
 More women receive OFW remittances than men
 Monthly: 10,000-12,000
 Catering is done by few men and women
Products of Men and Women in Marytown
Porta  Produce Volleyball nets  Both men and women have equal access to the resources
 Sell fruits and production.
 “karinderya”
Babasa  Men and women have equal access to resources like water, food and  men and women have equal access to resources but of
etc. course once they don’t have the extra
Ching  School Supplies  Women tend to produce products that are more usable in
 Direct Selling Products (avon) the community while men rarely produce products because
they have jobs outside the community.
Aug 13  Silver products/ accessories 
Camba  Food, clothing, home, water, and other basic commodities are owned by  The group suggested that every family member have the
men and women. equal access of household resources. They observed that
 Women sell food and other basic needs. biases over the accumulation and use of resources are not
applicable in their community.
Access to finance, labour and other resources
Access to Credit/Capital
Porta  “Butaw” from the MNA is used to support its members  They can get aid/ financial support from their regular
 Other cooperatives customers
 Income of husband (formal jobs); wife(sidelines)  When the income of the family is not enough to meet the
 Borrowed money from others (debts) budget, the wives are the ones who look for additional
income
 “Ang mga babae ang lumalapit para mangutang”
 From the salary of their husbands 
 the mothers usually borrow money from the cooperatives that they
joined while the fathers borrow some money from their employer
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Babasa  Income of the breadwinner (which is the husband most of the time)  The access to income and capital is highly dependent on the
 Loans from different Co-Ops income of the spouse who is working and is therefore
 Men and women have each of their earnings for men they have jobs unstable
outside of the community like construction workers, painter, janitors  I find that both men and women are trying to earn income
and etc and for women they sell food, do laundries for other people and for their everyday needs and for their monthly expenses.
things that is related to household works. Men and women have incomes but of course men has
higher income than the women.
Camba  Income is generated and accumulated by both men and women. But  Men have more access to income since they are the ones
there is still the notion that men are the breadwinners. And as prevailing in the productive activities. But women have also
breadwinners, they are responsible to look for jobs (outside of their their own share of extra income by selling commodities in
home) and women, even though they sell foods, they are still constraint their sari – sari store or by working at the salon.
with household work.  It is enlightening to see that women have the access and
 In the class discussion, women are in control of the salary/money of control of money and other resources and that budgeting is
their husbands and they are the ones who budget it for daily needs of done jointly by men and women
the family.
 The money used to sustain the school supplies store (handled by the  The father, who is paid for his job outside the community
mother) comes from the income of the father provides the basic capital for other means of living that is
 The money used to buy brochures (that the mother used in retailing) handled by the mother to provide money for the needs.
from Avon also comes from the income of the father
Access to Tools & Technology
Porta  Often seen appliances: electric fan, gas stove, clothes’ iron, radio,  Houses contain the basic appliances even common
Television. recreational appliances like TVs
 Appliances like: washing machine, DVD player, refrigerator, computers
can also be found.
Porta  Car provided by the company or employer (drivers)  Houses contain the basic appliances even common
 Floor polisher provided by the company (maintenance) recreational appliances like TVs
 Often seen appliances: electric fan, gas stove, clothes’ iron, radio,  Tools used in work/jobs by the residents are sometimes
Television, washing machine, DVD player, refrigerator, computers. provided by their employer.
 Weighing scale, calculator (fruit vendor)
 Volleyball net (agpang, nylon)
 Some of the tools used for their activities are shared by both male and  With these, we can see that the men in the community still
female like those used in doing the household chores. help them even though household chores are usually
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 But for some activities that are usually done by men, the tools are only assigned for women.
used by men like in being a security guard, and other leisure activities
like “sabong”
Babasa  Tools utilized are also part of the home (ex. Kitchen utensils)  Women know how to make ‘safe’ money.
 Basic technology or none at all  They wouldn’t have to buy extra materials for their work as
 Some households have vcd/dvd players(not all) it is most often part of the home
 The Christian Chuch has a computer  They use their skills inside the home and offer them as
services to residents of Brgy. Loyola
 Their lack of technology highlights the deprivation of
development in the community.
 Not everyone has access to the internet for example
Camba Basic tools like DVD, mini radios, utensils, televisions, cellphones are Members of the family have equal access to these
owned and used by the members of the family resources.
Only few have personal computers (in 10 families, only 1 or 2 have
personal computers)
Day care center has television, DVD, electric fans.
Ching The brochure is provided by the Retailing Store and is used by When you think of it, the tools that were used by the
costumers (mostly adult and young female) mother to earn extra income were provided by the family,
The land where the school supplies store stands is from the property of mostly from the income of the father – but the tools that
the owner were used by the father were provided by the company that
The supplies that were merchandised in the store comes from the they were working for.
income of the father and is accessed by different people (young and
adult females, young and adult males)
The uniform and the “batuta” used by the father is provided by his
company
The office tools (computer) that is used by the father is also provided by
the company
Access to Trainings
Trainings and seminars attended by both men and women are usually
sponsored by the company or the cooperatives which they joined.
Ching Seminars and Trainings that the fathers attended that were sponsored Women usually do not undergo trainings and seminars as a
by their company preliminary for their jobs while the men, in order to be
more productive in their jobs were provided by their
companies some training and seminars.
Babasa Livelihood programs provided by the barangay
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Some has trainings from previous work experiences (factory, tinder,etc.) It is unfortunate that even if some have trainings and are
Ex. Ate Flory, had training for optometrics but did not pursued. provided livelihood programs they would rather (the
Trainings are not followed. women) that the men work.
The experience is not fulfilled since they do nou
continue the training or they would just stop after
a whike.
Camba As shared by the day care workers, few educational grants are given to There is still a need to know about the livelihood projects,
the people of marytown. Mostly women who wanted to study and to seminars that took place in the community and to assess if
teach were given scholarships. the projects proposed by the barangay are held.
Livelihood projects The barangay should encourage more study grants and shall
seek for more study grants and other gains to make the
living status of the community better. They shall work hand
in hand with other actors within and outside of the
community.
Porta Miriam college Livelihood seminars Women are the primary participants of Livelihood Programs
Access to Land and Water Resources
Bena Based on the latest report in the profile of Marytown, there are at least INSIGHT: The government had still lots to do with regards to
500 houses in the 1 hectare and 42 square meter- community. the urban poor. Instead of spending the budget into
projects that were not really beneficial, why not donate it to
For the water, it was reported that in the past few years, the people of the organizations like INSA that helps the urban poor
Marytown have their own poso which is a source of their water supply directly. This way, a lot of problems would be addressed.
but just recently, the people were now getting their waters from
Maynilad. IMPRESSION: The people of Marytown have such great
adapatability skills. It can be proportioned out that the
space of the place is not enough to handle such a
population of 2000 residing in the 500 houses. Also, since
the people of Marytown were living below poverty line,
how can they provide money to pay their monthly dues to
the Maynilad?
OBSERVATION: The land area of Marytown is small to hold

hundreds of families living under its proximity. The houses
were really close to each other to the point that only walls
divide them. Even roads and alleys were so small that only a
person can pass at a given time.
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Both men and women have the access for land and water resources.
Porta Equal access to water Access is divided into 3 groups (Renters, owners, sharers)
Equal access to land
Camba Families of marytown have access of running water (approximately 70 – The group was surprised to know that they have running
80%) water since it assumed that they community might be
Informal settlers, not entitled of their own land having a hard time looking for such resources because these
resources are not provided.
The group is concerned about the possible demolition, and
other land – related conflicts. The group is also aware about
the fear of being demolished, of the community’s wishful
thinking to have a permanent home or place.
The group sees the need of the government to address this
pressing issue so as to alleviate poverty and eventually
improve men and women’s places in society.
Babasa Water resource: Manila Water In terms of the land resource: there is no stability that they
Water: included in the billings “kasama sa mga bayarin” can sell there as long as they want.
Land resource: based within the community Their target market is just within the community there is no
Ex. Pwesto sa pagtinda- sa bahay lang or “makikipwesto” from another chance for expansion.
store within the community.
Access to market for men and women’s produce
All of them have an access to the products made by their community
residents
Porta All men and women have access to market and they are also the Even though men are the ones dominant in the productive
consumers and producers. sphere, women also contribute to the generation of income.
They sell their products within and outside the community.
Babasa The neighbors of the community members as well as residents of the The market is dependent on the proximity of the clients for
Brgy.Loyola Heights act as the market for/ consumers of the goods and easy access and to avoid expenses for transportation
services for the members of the M.T. community Although it can be said that both men and women in their
Men are the ‘breadwinners’ of their families by community can work for the welfare of their families’ bec.
definition, but there are instances of women working of poverty, the kind of work done by men and women
(like selling cook food, labandera etc.) to add to the differ.
relatively small income of their husbands. They all have this notion that men should
- Some of the women said that they sell their goods (e.g. food, be the providers while women should be
labandera etc.) outside the vicinity of Marytown. inside the house taking care of their
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families (that is why we have this notion
of ‘ilaw ng tahanan’, accdg. to them).
- It is more important for men in their community to have
work and become the ‘breadwinners’ and ‘providers’ for
their families than women.
Camba Women’s sari – sari store based near their houses thus they sell their Since women’s productive activities continue to persists, it
products within the community of marytown. goes to say that their means of livelihood is marketable. In
Some women provide services such as massage, ‘labada’ order for women engaged in these kinds of work, the
Men do not engage in selling instead work as employer (construction barangay should be find ways on how to improve their
workers, drivers, etc) working status and should be determine to help women in
their productive activities.
Bena Both the fathers and the mothers both have access Men and women contribute to the income of the family but
The mothers sell their products usually for the people residing within usually the father is the provider for the mother’s income
the community (adult and young females, adult and young males) earning activity
Unpaid family labour
All Household chores are usually done by the mothers and children(men Most of the activities done by women are usually the
groups and women) of the community reproductive activities.
even though the father has a job, he also helps in doing some household
chores. If all the jobs done by the women in the community are
being paid, then their income would be much greater than
the men.
Villacorte Most women are given the jobs that are unpaid. They work inside sari- even though other family members also execute the works,
sari stores, go to markets for grocery and taking care of other’s houses. the unpaid jobs are still inside the household
the unpaid labor are double burden especially to women

but are not considered burden to them because they are
used to it
Babasa Household activities are done mostly by women. (cleaning the house, These activities are already expected to be done by women
washing dishes and clothes, cooking etc.) for their families.
- During the interview, one of the interviewees mentioned that it is It seems that they all think that this kind
alright for their husbands to just rest once they got home from work, of setup is just fair given the fact that their
and leave all the chores in their wives hands, for the work of men is husbands’ work were harder compared to
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much harder compared to the work done by women(meaning them for it entails much of physical
household activities strength to do the work (e.g. work in the
construction, factories)
- It seems that they don’t want to change this status quo,
since this has been the ways ever since (nakasanayan na).
Camba The housework remains to be the domain of women – mothers and In order for women to attain other economic opportunities
sometimes daughters if they are not studying or if they don’t have aside from the reproductive work and productive works
classes. that seems to be an extension of their reproductive
Laundry – women/most of the time; daughter/only if available; obligations, men should also be willing to engage in
men/very seldom and if no work; men/ depends – if he has no work to reproductive work. There must be a more equal relations,
do obligations, and opportunities for both men and women so
Cooking – women/all the time and sometimes daughters as to be able to fill up the loss of development resources
House cleaning – mothers/most of the time; daughters and and to better the conditions and status of both men and
sons/sometimes women.
Ironing – mothers/most of the time
Looking after younger children (1-6 years old) – mothers, sons and
daughters
Household chores done by the mother It is not only the mother that is the subject of unpaid labor,
When the father and the children helps in the school supplies store when men participate in the field work of women; it is
usually unpaid and not recognized.
Porta Household chores (laundry, cooking, cleaning etc.) Women are usually the ones who carry out the household
Taking care of the family chores, daughters and sons help when they are told to
Men help when they do not have work and when their wives are
pregnant.
Existence of Livelihood and Economic Associations in Marytown
Government Programs for Livelihood, Income and Entrepreneurship Development
Babasa, Job Fairs The captain did not elaborate on specific programs
Porta Skills and Development Training addressing livelihood. However, he said that the Baranggay
is able to help residents of depressed areas by referring
them to local networks/establishments who are in need of
services. (Construction worker, drivers, laundry services
etc.)
It was good to hear that the baranggay takes the initiative
to help the residents in the event that they could not find
jobs.
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-Quezon city hall set-ups job fairs for the people in the community -We noticed that these two organizations that help people
-Barangay Loyola offers job for men to be a tanod, tauhan ng baranggay, in terms of their livelihood were casted as top-ranked
tricycle driver, or security guard organizations.
-These were considered as very important sources of aid for

the family because aside from the fact that these
organizations help them live a financially stable life, they
also help them in getting government requirements like
cedula, etc.
-These organizations are also labeled as Central for the

needs of the people of the Marytown. We think this is
because these are the organizations that is very much
commercialized and highly recognized because they are
government programs.
Porta Seminars, Job trainings The brngy. mostly targeted health and education in the
report, only minimal information was given about livelihood
programs
NGO and Church-related Programs for Livelihood, Income and Entrepreneurship Development
Babasa The Homeowner's associations of the subdivisions and the Rotary Club These were the only 2 associations Brgy. Marquez informed
of Loyola Heights are some of the organizations who help and extend us of and he even noted that the Rotary Club of LH of which
their aid for the projects of the baranggay he is a member is NOT even active.
Porta Miriam, along with INSA are major players in the
Miriam College: Herbal Gardening implementation of projects in Marytown
INSA-KUM: meat processing, load center Churches conduct programs including medical/dental
missions but not livelihood seminars so far
Bena
The church of Dela Strada are pursuing the so-called credit cooperative INSIGHT: Would the credit cooperative alone help the
to help the people of Marytown. people? We think that they should also have some kind of
workshops and seminars to support the people of
Marytown in the proper handling of their money that was
initially borrowed from the church because the Dela Strada
church cannot assure that the credit that they are giving to
the people would actually go to a good cause.
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IMPRESSION: The church is reaching out their hands to their

poor brothers and sisters. This is a good cause because we
know that although the church is really not that that rich,
they continue to help others. The people of Marytown also
benefits a lot from this cooperative.
OBSERVATION: None as of now.

Private Business/Multi-National Corporations Programs for Livelihood, Income and Entrepreneurship Development
-There were no private institutions helping out the community in a -We observed that mostly private organizations in
direct way when it comes to livelihood programs. We say this is so Marytown focused mostly on giving educational rather than
because there were no programs or projects by private corporations income-related projects. This is an indirect way of helping
that is mentioned by the INSA-Kum that are helping them to earn out in livelihood because by giving educational support,
income. they ease the burden of the parents in sending their
children to school because of lack of money.
Sex-segregated household level economic data
Audit of Multiple Incomes at HH level
Household chores are done by the women and their children because of They were saying that due to poverty both of them need to
the job of their husbands but if they have some free time, they help help each other in order for them to survive.
their family in doing the chores.
Babasa Most male residents work as construction or Because of poverty, women are
factory workers, drivers, and painter. forced to also act as
Wherein, roughly around 80-90% of them are breadwinners of the family while
on-call or contractual workers. being the “ilaw ng tahanan”.
Regular workers as said to earn an estimated
amount of P2,000 a week. - The kinds of work of women are extensions of their daily
Female residents sometimes cook food to activities at home. These are usually underpaid.
sell, and wash and iron their neighbor’s
clothes when they are short on budget.
(There is no data regarding work pay.)
Camba Women: Men are the ones who acquire higher income –
Sari-sari store and ihawan approximately Php 5 - 6,000/month while women acquire
Every day income for less than 2,000/month
Capital: Php 500-1000 With the increasing price of commodities and other needs
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Tubo: 200-300 such as tuition fees, men and women are having a hard time
availing the things they need because of the meager income
Driver (Family, School Service, and PUV) (especially families with many children and other relatives
Monday – Saturday, sometimes sunday(8hrs) living with them)
Family Driver:400/day
School Driver: 100/week
PUV:300-400 boundary
Construction Worker
Mon-Sat (8am-6pm)
Overtime (8hrs.-10 hrs.)
building
SM: PhP 220 – 350 per day
Painter: 400/day -ateneo
Factory (Garments)
Monday - friday
8-12 hrs
Pasig, Antipolo, Sucat, Paranaque, Bulacan, Caloocan
Salon (haircut, manicure and pedicure, make-up)

Every day or depends on how many customers
Place - rented
Haircut: 40/person
Salon: 80
OFW remittances
Monthly
10,000-12,000
Dress making
Depends on the order
Php 300-500 per piece
massage
Service: 100/person
Audit of Labour Allocation in the HH
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Women has the control and the decision-makers on the income of their Even though the women are the decision-maker of the
husbands. family when it comes to spending their budget, there are
But when their budget is not enough, the mother needs to get the also times when they still consult their husbands before
consent of her husband to allow her to borrow some money. doing an action.
Babasa - Female adults (mother) are in often in charge of reproductive The female respondents willingly accept and do all the HH
activities. However, when the children and the male adults (father) are tasks because it is their duty as wives to take care of the HH
home, the HH work is divided among them. while the husband is working.
Camba Men: The productive and reproductive engagements in the
Laundry, ironing – depends/very seldom community are still divided among the stereotypes given to
male and female. Male, as breadwinners, are expected to
Pag-asikaso ng asawa(depende kapag nagpapaasikaso ang babae) look for income and female, as the care takers, are expected
to do household chores. This system still prevails because
Men mostly engage in productive work than reproductive work. most men and women agree with this status quo and does
sees the point that there is an unequal division of labor and
Women: unequal economic/livelihood opportunities.
Laundry (Female adult and child)
Commonly done only once or twice a week
Ironing (Female adult and child)
Done during weekends
Cooking (Female adult and child)
everyday
Cleaning (Female adult and child)
everyday
Looking after young children (1-6 yrs old) (Female adult and child)
everyday
Pag-asikaso ng asawa (Female adult and child)
Araw-araw
Women engage more in reproductive work than productive work

Porta Each member of the family has a role in the household , everyone can Women still have a double burden because they carry out
do the household chores most of the household chores even though they have other
Men are not required to help in the household if they are already sidelines to generate income
working Women neglect the fact that they have heavier
responsibilities, often because they think that they only
generate a small amount of income compared to their
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husbands
Bena Women work inside the community Women is confined in the sphere of the private and is not
Men work outside the community usually recognized outside but the work of men is more in
the production that helps the economy and is more
recognized
There is no recognition happening when the men helps in
the field of work of women
Women are expected to do the household chores but they
also help in earning income for the family
Decision-making on Resources for the Family

Babasa In disciplinary matters, the mother makes the decision. But in financial One respondent said that the mother is in charge of
terms, both parents, the mother and the father, decide on what action disciplining the child because the father tends to use force
to take.
Porta husbands and wives talk about their budget Decisions when it comes to
together money and management of
husbands give their income to their wives budget is centralized to women,
wives do not tell their husbands details about at the end of the day wives still
their own incomes decide.
- wives and husbands keep a portion of their income for themselves if
there is extra money.
Villacorte When it comes to decision about education for the kids is that the Women accepted the fact that they are inferior when
Female adult and male adult decide the age where their kids will start it comes to decision making.
schooling. The Male adult will be the one to decide when the child will They have admitted that they are following their
stop studying while the female adult decides where the children will husbands.
study.
They follow the image of "Padre de pamilya".
When it comes to the residence the male adult decides.
The female adults were the ones who hold the money but the one who For me, mothers in the escaler don't know how to
decides where to use that money is the male adult. fight for their rights and they are happy with their
When it comes to household tasks the female adult decides mostly the inferiority position.
tasks. They told us that fathers are
When it comes to work mostly the male adult decides. And the female more knowledgeable than mothers and women
adult decides just sometimes. accepted that fact.
When it comes political participation most of them decide but men When it comes to political participation, fathers are
usually has a big influence. more active because fathers watch news unlike
When it comes to bodily control and sexuality both men and women
15
decides. mothers and mothers are more active in gossips.
There is a wife that she can't work because her
husband doesn’t want to work her.
They accepted the fact that they are inferior when it
comes to decision making.
Camba Mothers are the ones who discipline the kinds since she’s the most Conflict arises when money is insufficient to sustain the
visible person at home and that she’s the one who is actually dealing family. Mothers decide among themselves to borrow money
with her children. from their neighbors since their husbands are 'nahihiya'.
Men and women do the budgeting but some women do the budgeting One mother explained why husbands feel that way and it's
alone. because husbands regard themselves as breadwinners,
heads of the families and they feel worthless and useless
because they can't provide enough or sustain the needs of
his family.
Mothers do not complain even if they do both productive
and reproductive work and instead think that they are
committed to child – rearing and helping the family with its
financial needs.
EDUCATION It's a good sign that parents and children are involved in the
Both parents decide on where the children will study, if they will stop decision making process in education. As much as the
studying, after the husband and wife talks they consult the children parents wanted to send their children to good school
regarding their own choice about where to study, or what course they and/or have their children finish school, decisions that they
will take. make always depend on their income.
RESIDENCE
The husband usually decides where the family will live although he It was also observed that most of the people do not finish
consults his wife. It is a normal thing for the community that the or even ca not enter the higher education level because
husband should decide where the family will reside. The wife simply they cannot afford to go to school.
follows her husband’s decision.
ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES IN THE HOUSEHOLD The researchers were shocked to hear that there are
The money that the husband earns is given to the wife, and the wife will husbands who think that the only function of their wives is
do the budget for the family expenses. If the budget is not enough the to take care of the children and do the household chores.
wife decides on her own to look for other means to support the family According to the informants, “nag – asawa ang mga lalaki
or the husband will acquire another job to earn more. It is usually done para mayron mag – alaga ng mga anak nila”. The
in the form of borrowing of money from other people in the community. researchers find it unfair to categorize or label wives as such
The decision on how the family will earn more is discussed among for it gives them an impression that they are not truly co –
husbands and the wives. equal with men and that they cannot be the persons they
16
ALLOCATION OF HOUSEHOLD TASKS ought to be.
The wife usually does most of the household tasks, if the children are
old enough they take turns in doing the other household tasks. The The researchers came to know that there still men who
mother is the one who usually disciplines the children because she is perceived women as an expert to the reproductive sphere
always with them but if things get serious (such as acts of theft, fighting, and because that image, they were able to make unjust
etc.) it is the father who will discipline them because they are afraid of justifications that women should only be at home, taking
their father. The mothers said that they feel sorry when their husbands care of the children and men should do the productive
spank their children and so as much as possible they try to cover up the work.
mistake of their kids.
Two of the five informants shared that they don't want their
ACCESS TO RESOURCES husbands nor have themselves rule over the other. They
Most husbands do not prefer their wife to do productive works and the emphasized that husbands and wives should work hand in
wife has no choice but to obey because she would usually think of her hand not only in looking for jobs but also in everyday
children and who will take care of them when she works. In some household chores. Although this idea is not a reality for
families both parents work and they talk about this, it also depends on most people in the comminunity, they said that they are
who will get hired first. The wife is usually the one who loans but she trying really hard to make this happen. For an instance, one
consults her husband first. The husbands are shy to loan money because mother stated that she always tells her husband to do the
they have their pride. If the money that the wife loans is for the family household chores if she's out looking for a job. Initially, the
then it is okay with the husband even if the wife does not consult him husband does not want her to look for a job and just look
but if it concerns other expenses the husband needs to know first. The after the children instead. But when the family realized that
wife is also the one who makes a way for the loan to get paid and if the they badly needed extra income and the husband works full
husband cannot pay the loan she is usually the one who talks to the time for a meager salary, they were able to realize that the
person she borrowed money from to extend their loan. wife can help the family gain extra income if she would
POLITICAL PARTICIPATION work even as part time. So they decided to take turns on
Most of the community organizations in Marytown are for the youth. household jobs and months later, they became flexible with
The mother or the father usually decides whether their kids would join that routine. This particular example gave the researchers
such organizations When it comes to voting, some husbands decide on an insight of a real and specific experience on how relations
who their wives should vote for, and the most common reason for that among men and women – more specifically husbands and
is who has helped them more. Other times the wife decides on herself wives should be.
on who she should vote. According to one of the respondent, it is their
vote and therefore they are entitled to their own decision. When it comes to the aspect where fathers and mothers
BODILY CONTROL AND SEXUALITY discipline their children on serious matters such as theft,
The husband usually tells the wife how many children he would like disobedience, etc., fathers are still the prevalent figures
them to have. Some husbands think that as long as their wives can keep whom children would most likely follow. Children's
up it is alright to have as many children as possible. The wife usually obedience to their fathers are mostly based on fear because
decides when they already have enough children because according to , according to the informants, the fathers are the ones who
17
them they are the ones who will get weary and tired if they have so spank their children although the mothers defended that
many children. Both husband and wife decide on when to have more the some fathers do spank their children but not to the
kids. The wife usually decides on whether to use contraception methods extent that they will physically abuse or hurt them. The
or not. About 70% out of 100 in Marytown uses contraceptives. In case researchers thinks that it is not only right to have the
the daughter gets pregnant or the son got someone pregnant it is children listen only to their fathers but the way the fathers
usually the parents who decide on what to do with the situation. If their discipline their children should not be build based on fear.
kid is a girl the family is usually more participative when it comes to Some informants suggested that disciplining the kids shall
what to do regarding the situation. But some children are usually be based on a dialogue and that they must be setting an
rebellious and they still don’t follow the advice of their parents about example of how a person should be. They defended that
their situation. this is the mother's way of disciplining their children.
DECISION MAKING IN THE HOUSEHOLD
In case of disagreements regarding the decisions, the wife usually stands One informant emphasized that voting is ones right. It
her ground no matter if she is right or wrong. Often times it is the cannot be dictated by anyone else. It is totally on the
husband who has a final say in the decision because he is the “padre de contrary to what the other informant said, “namili kami ng
pamilya” kandidato kasi sabi ng asawa ko siya ang mas nakatulong”.
MARYTOWN COLLECTIVE DECISIONS While the researchers agree with the former, they were
The Marytown community decides as a whole when it comes to things able to realized that even in this very sphere there are still
that would help their community. One instance is when one of their decisions made not because other people influence your
exits was to be closed down, the community decided that it should not preferences but other people imposed in you the rightful
happen and they took action in order to stop the closing of that exit. person you must vote.
Officers are usually the ones who officiate the meetings regarding these
decisions. Most of them are females. The decision is usually made by
the people. Wives have become empowered because of the use of
HUSBAND DECIDES contraceptives and other birth control. It signifies that they
When it comes to disciplining the children have the voice to say when enough is enough. One potential
Matters regarding work hindrance to women’s full emancipation on this kind of
empowerment is that there are still many women who get
WIFE DECIDES pregnant and some have gained transmitted disease
Matters about loan and credit because of the wrong or improper usage of such birth
Allocation of Household Tasks controls and contraceptives. This is where the sympathy of
the researchers goes with the current issue on the passing
Use of Contraception of reproductive health bill as a law. One of the major
provisions of the bill would include the education that is
BOTH
needed for women to be knowledgable on what is proper
18
Allocation of Resources usage of such birth controls and contraceptives.
Matters about the Children
Children
During the times when their parents argue they would usually decide to
talk to their parents end tell them to stop bickering. When they are old
enough they decide on how they can help their family financially.
IS THIS DECISION MAKING PATTERNS OKAY?
They want to change the system especially regarding the allocation of

household tasks. They said that it should be done by both husband and
the wife. Women also think that they should be allowed to work
because they can help increase the livelihood of their family.
Bena Husbands earned money and they usually gave it to their wives Although the men is the main worker of the family, they still
The income earned by the children working is usually not given to the gave their income to the mothers because they are the ones
parents that know the things around the house
The income earned by the mother is used for the family and is usually The decision making process is made at the power of the
recognized just an additional income mother within the family
COMMUNITY CARE SYSTEM
Population and Household Data
Total Population-Proportion of Males & Females
Babasa Community residents are approximately 18,200. Baranggay Captain only gave us a rough estimate. He noted
Approximately 3,000 comes from Marytown. how it was hard to keep track and provide an exact count
since most of residents in Brgy. Loyola Heights are
“transients” (“transients” considered as concern—
contributes to “proliferation of communities”)
Porta 459 families; 1,725 people (Brngy. LH Survey, 2008) Accuracy of data is questionable since many migrants come
to the area. Different statistics exists that makes it more
difficult to determine the exact number
Only estimates can be relied on at present because of the
absence of recent census
Average Number of Children
19
Babasa, There is an average of 3-4 children per HH. In communities such as Marytown, households are not
Porta nuclear—extended families live under one roof, and they all
Villacorte bear and raise their children all together.
Age at Marriage
Babasa, No specific data The Brgy. Captain implied that the common practice for
Porta women from depressed areas is to marry right after HS and
Villacorte focus on building their own families, whereas males are the
ones expected to continue on after HS because of the need
to find work!
Types of Households- Presence of Female Headed Household
Porta Most household heads are male.
New/Resident Migrants at the Community
Porta Many of the residents come from the rural areas. Most come from Most of the residents know where everybody lives, there is
Luzon. a strong sense of familiarity among them, (they know who
Usually, new residents are construction workers moved away, who died, who lives with who and who had
just moved in)
Utilities
Type of Dwelling
Babasa, The estimate is that 60% of HH is made of wood and 40% is made of There is no specific figure regarding this. The given data is
concrete. Most are really shanty. only the estimate of the baranggay captain.
Most of the dwelling units are made of a mixture of concrete and Their houses are built as a way of adapting to their natural
cardboard “bayo”. situation. For instance, houses are not only built from
Most of the materials they use are from what is available ex. Yero materials they could find, but they expand vertically and
kahoy, etc. since they are not allowed to purchase materials to build tend to stack upwards. This should concern baranggay
their homes, because they are informal settlers. heads and officials because of the possible risks involved.
Unit & Proportion of Household per Type of Dwelling Unit
Porta More than 500 houses If houses are poorly built with light materials, how is the
Most of the houses are semi-concrete, made with wood and cement safety of the residents assessed in times of natural
and others made with light materials calamities/disasters
Houses usually have second floors to third floors Houses are too close to each other that fire would rapidly
escalate if started
2-3 families occupy one house
Houses are irregular in shape and congested
20
Source of Drinking Water

Maynilad / Manila Water We are pleased to find out that they have a safe source of
drinking water
Source of Bathing/Washing Water
Porta Before: Balon, Poso, Cases of Diarrhea brought about by unclean drinking water
After: Maynilad are high. How do they address this?
Maynilad / Manila Water All residents have access to water (“kanya-kanya”)
Yes, they all have access but what if it can’t be afforded???
Porta Before: Balon, Poso,
After: Maynilad
Source of Lighting
Babasa MERALCO Through the implementation of DAEP (Depressed Areas
Electrification Project) that provides electricity to areas that
have a high rate of illegal connection to electricity.
Porta DAEP ( Meralco) Problems with jumpers and tangled wires
Gasera
Sources of Energy for Cooking
Babasa MERALCO Also through the implementation of DAEP.
Porta Meralco
LPG, “Panggatong”, coal
Toilets
Babasa All residents have their own toilet and bath in their homes. Based on observation, not all residents have their own toilet
and bath within their homes.
The community does not have a sewage system, their toilet
and shower pipes lead DIRECTLY to the “sapa” beneath their
homes. ** This is an environmental / health concern that
the Capt. insists should be the responsibility of the
municipality not theirs
Porta There are still people who do not have toilets in their homes and instead Lack of public Comfort rooms
use “Arinola” Not all houses have toilets
Waste Disposal System
Babasa The solid-waste management program is being implemented. Garbage are thrown in a common area where it is collected
by garbage collectors. The Clean & Green Program of the
Baranggay ensures this.
21
Porta Garbage collection every Tuesday and Friday Where do they dispose the feces?
Education
Comparative Educational Attainment of Adult Women and Men
Babasa Most residents finished high school or vocational courses. It is noted that, in some cases, men are more likely to
Camba, Although the Brgy. Captain notes that there are some who reach the pursue college because of burdens and responsibilities
Bena college level and eventually graduate. affiliated to them. They are expected to find work while
women are not likely to pursue education after HS since
they are usually expected to care for building and forming
their own families.
However, no specific data was given to compare that of
male and female.
Male/Female Ratio of Children in School and Out of School
Babasa No specific data was given. However, Females are noted to be more For most cases, males are the ones pursuing further
Camba, prone to stop schooling after HS to be able to focus on family education or concerning themselves with livelihood issues
Bena building/marriage. to be able to fulfill the role of ‘padre-de-pamilya/bread
winner’
Women are the ones who stop schooling earlier compared
to males because of their tendency to focus on Family
Building/ marriage.
Illiterate Population & Male/Female Share of Illiterate Population
Babasa, No data The disparity between male & female illiterates is not that
Camba, significant/large.
Bena
Educational Services-For Males, Females or Both
E’SKWELA The Brgy has earned an award/recognition for their
Babasa BRGY. LEARNING CTR competitiveness in providing education for the youth. (Most
Camba, ALS (Alternative Learning Center provides HS diploma equivalencies) Oustanding in Q.C.)
Bena
Bena BALARA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (Main campus) As of 2004 the Balara Elementary School (main campus) has
a total enrolment of 4,112 students.
The Balara Elementary School Annex was demolished to
give way to the construction of the C5 road.
Literacy Programs-for Males, Females or both
Camba, I-CLIC A more modern and technological way of learning.
Bena
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-Kapitbahay Program (tutorial for kids) by Miriam College This helps the children to adapt to a functional way of life.
We think that this a good cause because in a way, they are
nurturing young kids in a sense that they are instilling a
sense of responsibility to them by making them more
attached to educational life.
-For us, giving a child a taste or sense of responsibility,
makes him more aware of his/her surroundings in life. In
this way, we think that this can help kids in Marytwon strive
harder in life in order to get a better life.
-But we ask the question: Why is it only limited to kids? Are
adult and teens mature enough to naturally adopt
responsibility, of of course not, we think that they should at
least extend tutoring programs till High School.
Access to Educational Services/Literacy Programs

Babasa, Open to both males and females There is no discrimination on who is prioritized by the
Camba, Literacy programs.
Bena However, we have noticed that the focus is leaning heavily
towards the youth. There was no mention if there were
programs aiming to address those who are 18+ and would
want to pursue their studies.
-Kinder Scholarship Program by Miriam College -Giving scholarship aids to the youths in Marytown is a
-St. Vincent Foundation (scholarship of one child from a family with 3 privilege that they really enjoy well. By providing
children) scholarship, these organizations help ease the burden of the
-Mr. Dizon(scholarship of student with an average of 80 and above) parents in sending their children to school. They are like
helping out in the families’ livelihood in an indirect way
because they are the ones supporting and providing a child
for education instead of the parents.
-Organizations that offer scholarship aids are ranked from
the middle level going up. This means that although they
are not the most important organizations inside Marytown,
they are still a necessity for them.
Bena BALARA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (Main campus) As of 2004 the Balara Elementary School (main campus) has
a total enrolment of 4,112 students.
The Balara Elementary School Annex was demolished to
give way to the construction of the C5 road.
23
Health
Male/female ratio of malnourished children (severely, moderately, slightly malnourished)
Babasa No exact data given for male/female ratio There is a notable improvement in the number of
80 malnourished children from Depressed Areas malnourished children as the feeding program unfolds
Barangay Capt tells us that the Barangay Health Center hosts a feeding throughout the calendar year.
program every month. The Barangay conducts their surveys to find out
the number of malnourished every Jan-March, which is followed by the
feeding programs in July.
Maternal mortality rate
Villacorte There were no specific data/ records for the mortality rate.
Some pregnant women give birth in the hospital. Those who
are unable to pay for the hospital give birth in their homes
with the help of a midwife, for cheaper demand of payment
Infant mortality rate
Villacorte there are some who died but there are no records
(according to ate Marla )
Common illnesses among adults- male/female and children 5 and below

Porta Minor: Cough, Colds, Flu, Measles, tonsillitis, Toothache, allergy, Common illnesses are mostly acquired through unclean and
migraine, diarrhea, primary complex congested environment that makes it easier for diseases to
spread
Severe: Dengue, Asthma, High blood, stroke, Kidney/Lung illnesses, A lot of animals are roaming freely (ex. Stray cats and dogs)
arthritis, diabetes, cancer, Dog bites (rabies), cysts that might carry rabies
Minor illnesses are neglected and can worsen because of
the lack of medical attention.
Villacorte The usual fever, cough, colds, dengue, primary complex for
the children and Tuberculosis for the adults.
Most of the children are malnourished and most of them
also have a ‘Primary Complex.
High Blood and tuberculosis are recurring for the older
people.
The small area and very close arrangement of houses in the

town is one of the reasons for the widespread of the
24
contagious virus
Reported cases of Violence against Women
Porta *No women and children’s desk in Marytown Women in Marytown tend to neglect the ‘abuse’, if they do
Nearest is at Police Station 9, Anonas, DSWD office Proj. 4 complain it is later disregarded because of the fear of losing
their provider.
Reported cases of child abuse
De Leon,
Camba
Reported cases of drug abuse
De Leon,
Camba,
Porta
Access to health services by the community
Porta *nearest is at Brngy. Hall of LH Only minimal help is extended to the residents.
Marytown does not have its own health center. First aid and initial treatment only is not enough
Free medicine if there are in stock, free prescription if there are no Brngy. Health Center seem to have limited resources in
medicine available inside the health center terms or supply and man power (ex: lack of doctors)
Doctor is in every Tuesdays for the weekly checkup. (if the doctor is out
Brngy. Officials direct the residents to the nearby health center found in
Pansol
80% of the interviewees already went to the health center for help
Infants and children 1-7 y.o are the primary beneficiaries (vaccines&
vitamins)
Free checkups and family planning seminar for women
paracetamol is often given out to those who ask for aid
The HC offers free vitamins and immunizations for free.

Free tuberculosis and high blood medicines.
They execute feeding programs.
They held seminars - for the pregnant women, dengue
outbreak.
The health center is only open every Tuesday and it makes
us think about why that is because people get sick every
day.
There is currently no doctor in HC but every Friday there is a
25
volunteer doctor, Dr. Helen Capuno.
Sometimes they ask for help from the church to provide
free medicine.
When we got to the Health Center we were shocked with
the looks of it. It looks like an abandoned room, with broken
window that is just covered with a piece of wood and the
outside of the Health center is not that clean. And also the
health center is at the back so it is hard to find.
-Matt Defensor(pampagamot) -Although ranked at the bottom level of the hierarchy of
-Barangay Loyola(general check up, etc.) organizations inside Marytown, these organizations
-Couples for Christ (Medical Missions) providing health security to the people is still important.
With the kind of environment Marytown has, it is vital to
know that there are groups willing to help the people in
Marytown when it comes to their health.
-We think that maybe they can still go higher in the rankings
because health is a very important issue, it should not just
be neglected.
Food Security
Types of staple food
Porta
Villacorte
, Camba
Sources of food
Problems with food security

Babasa, No cases were reported to the Brgy./ No data The Baranggay captain is confident regarding the security of
Porta their food resources.
Social Problems and Conflicts in Marytown
Social Problems
Babasa Whenever there are conflicts among the residents, (may it be financial, It seems that the Baranggay Captain is very much
family problems or community conflicts) they would always seek help to indispensable in this case. Accdg. to him, he should always
the Baranggay Captain. be present bec. In matters like this, he is the one that
residents were looking and tried to seek help from. ** It is
Note: before they do so, the baranggay tanod would be there
impossible for the Baranggay Captain to be present 24/7.
and try to pacify first the situation, and if they could not, they
would seek help to the Brgy. Captain. If the captain still failed
26
to solve the problem, they would go to the “lupon” (baranggay
court) and later on to the courts, if situation worsens.
Porta Peace and order Residents say that security and safety actually improved
Civilian Volunteer Organization (CVO) helps in the security and over the years
protection of the area There are still some problems with drunk men fighting late
POVERTY- residents constantly worry about the food they would set on at night
the table and if income can support the family
Land-related conflict or conflicts over natural resources

Babasa Ownership or Park 10 (public property or private?) According to the baranggay, their main concern is only to
Problem should be addressed by the municipality control/regulate the number of informal settlers for the
The baranggay doesn’t have the power to stop demolition or provide depressed areas. The issue regarding land ownership is
relocation for the community residents living in the depressed areas. actually the problem of the Municipality.
According to the Brgy. Captain, their role was to control
only the proliferation of people living in the depressed
areas. But this issue is so hard to solve since the problem is
rooted among their co-officials and own facilitators. **
Issue of Tanods and Community Leaders letting extended
families stay and eventually form their own families in the
community. (Unreported ‘migrants’)
Porta Demolition
Land titles
Police-military harassment
***Possible police harassment may be experienced if there is a In case of resistance, the Baranggay is forced to use the
resistance to Relocation. police, brgy. Tanod to compel the people to follow their
rules/ make a compromise.
Threat from government sponsored development project
Relocation (Housing project of Q.C. Mayor Herbert Bautista) ** Considered a threat because some of the residents don’t
want to be relocated /moved away from M.T.
According to Capt. Marquez, the municipality is well aware
of the problem and is already planning a Housing Project to
be able to resolve the issue.
Porta Relocation
Threat from multi-national corporation or big businesses
27
Babasa SM RESIDENTIAL BLDG. No feedback was given by the developers of the said project
to address the problem of the informal settlers regarding
relocation/demolition.
Porta Conflict with SM Residences
Other incidents
Babasa Previous 2010 elections as a contributing factor to why there was a Whether factual or not, what is the implications of this to
failure to relocate (Self-vested interests) but now the elections are over, the development of Marytown?
residents are once again threatened
Brgy. Captain shared with us the issue of “millionaires in the depressed
communities” ???
Natural Resources Management
Land control and ownership
Porta 3 Categories: Renters, Sharers, Owners Area is mostly composed of renters and sharers
Residents have no title to their lands
Passionate concern for their houses being included in the
HH Map
Strong discrimination on the rich and landed
Audit of natural resources
Environmental problems-for males, females and both
Environmental problems and community responses

Porta Residents do not usually give their attention to environmental problems A sense of desensitization happens because residents are
used to how their environment looks
COMMUNITY POLITICAL SYSTEM
Formal leadership
Audit of barangay and municipal officials

Babasa
Committee leadership
Babasa Dominated by men. 6:2 ratio as headed by Brgy Captain Ceasar The budget is mostly for the development of projects.
Marquez. One of the women officials head the committee on
Women Kagawads: Education, the committee on which “women’s concerns”
28
Diana Bronia (Appropriations) fall under
Josefina Castillo
(Education)
Men Kagawads:
Darwin Hayes
(Health)
Edmond Daroy
(Peace & Order)
Exequiel Magsaysay
(Envi & Ecology)
Dennis Calizo
(Livelihood & Cooperatives)
Romeo Bayot
(Transpo & Comm)
Total yearly budget of the barangay
Babasa Budget of Baranggay is approximately P19 M this year Out of the P19M, only P450,000 represents GAD budget.
GAD’s focus is the youth
Gender Training for Barangay Council
Babasa Not proposed and implemented There are no gender training programs.
Barangay Response to Violence Against Women
De Leon Addressed the same as with other forms of violence No specific programs for women
Associations in Marytown
List of ALL associations, number of male and female members, projects undertaken
Marytown Neighborhood Association (MNA)
Porta Marytown Youth Community Officer (MYCO)
 Marytown Neighborhood Association (MNA) Both men and women are beneficiaries of the programs and
 -community based;internal trainings given by each organization.
 Marytown Youth Community Officer (MYCO) Some organization in Marytown have specific qualification
 -youth; community based;internal like age limit, and some of their benefits are exclusive only
 Tau Gamma (Fraternity) for their members.
 -internal and external The area of concern of almost all of the organization in
 SMDS Marytown is for the welfare of each residents. They are
 -cooperative;internal and external giving some social assistance which are usually scholarship
grants, medical mission, feeding programs, and tutorials.
29
 INSA/INSA-Kum (MC)
 -private;internal and external; social assistance and trainings
 Musmos Organization (ADMU)
 -private;internal and external;medical mission, feeding programs,
tutorial
 SIKAP
 -church; internal and external; feeding programs and tutorials
 St. Vincent
 -foundation; internal and external; social assistance
 CFC/SFC
 -community based; internal and external; social and spiritual assistance
 Sagip Kalinga
 -private;internal; social assistance
 DSWD
 -government;internal and external;social assistance
 Brgy. Center
 -government; internal and external;social welfare programs
 Gabriels(new)
 Kapit-Bahayan
 -private; internal and external; gift-giving and tutorials
 Rotary Club
 -private
Porta  Marytown Neighborhood Association (MNA) Women are usually the ones who benefit in the seminars
 Marytown Youth Community Officer (MYCO): arts & culture, paliga (BB, because the husbands are often out and working.
VB), seminar (last year) The organizations that are currently active in the
 SIKAP (Pentecost): catechisms, monthly allowance for children, school community focus more on helping the children in the area.
supplies, programs (every Tuesday) The help and support that the NGOs offer are usually
 I-click (learning center): tutorials (education until HS) centered on giving scholarships and tutorials for the
 INSA-Kum (MC): livelihood trainings, tutorial, parenting seminars, health children of Marytown.
sessions, leadership training, recollection (still in the process) There are only a few organizations that are unable to
 MUSMOS tutorial (ADMU): tutorial for kids extend their help and support to all the residents in the
Kapit-Bahay: tutorial for kids area.
Couples for Christ (CFC): medical missions The focus or the main concerns of the institutions are
J. Dizon and co.: feeding program, pamasko, scholarships for HS/COL usually the practical gender needs of the people in
Tahanan ng Panginoon: scholarships Marytown.
30
St. Vincent: scholarships, allowance, school supplies There is not much emphasis on addressing the strategic
Day Care (community-based – INSA): tutorial for kids gender needs in the area.
Day Care (barangay-based – CDE): tutorial for kids Men are not active in the institutions or organizations and
the women are usually the ones who become leaders in the
organizations.
Due to the inactive participation of men in the
organizations, their needs are often neglected for there is
no one to voice out what their needs are.
Principal women’s associations in Marytown

NO specific COMMITTEE on women. According to Brgy. Capt Marquez, GAD budget used for education?
this was because they prioritize what is needed first by the GAD’s focus is youth only. What about the other women?
communities. And because “women’s issues are not as urgent” they are The adults, the old? How are their issues addressed?
simply merged with education.
Porta INSA-Kum (MC) Members of the community initially have little
interest/knowledge in gender relationships and dynamics
Gabriela Only few organization have their focus on women.

INSA KUM According to the residents, Gabriela has not yet contributed
anything for their community since it is a new organization
in their community
-INSA-Kum -There is only one women association that is private to the
needs of the women in Marytown.
-Is a good thing because it voices out the status of the
women in the society. Basically, we have observed that the
women are not really oppressed or subordinated in the
community, so we think that having at least a group that
focuses on women’s needs inside the community is enough.
-We also observed that most organizations inside Marytown
are for families, children and couple. They basically do not
target men or women but they focus their attention to
education, income-related activities and developing a good
family lifestyle.
Gender-Training and women-oriented trainings
No specific data “Women” = not urgent. not a priority?
31
Influential People in the Marytown & Loyola Heights
Influential Women and Men in Marytown and Loyola Heights
Babasa Brgy. Captain said that the most active and influential women leaders in
Marytown are the INSA-KUM women.
Babasa No specific names were given. Residents commented that equal oppurtunities are given to
men and women of the community to run for council
positions. However, majority of the interviewees, (4/5)
prefer male leaders.
Members of INSA KUM Most of the influential people in Marytown are those who
brgy. council have the authority and control of all the activities inside the
community.
Porta Juvencio Dizon Most of the women think that household heads should be
male
Camba Tanods – all male (10) Tanods hold authority. They are responsible for keeping the
Day care workers – 4 women, 1 male : Teacher Gina Palma, Allona safety and security of the community
Valerio, Vangie de Guzman, Jenifer and Mr. Siobani Pimentel Members of the community have high regards with the day
care teachers since they are also volunteer leaders of the
community
During elections, poll watchers, precint leaders, area
coordinators are occupied by both male and female
community members.
Bena Brgy. Captain said that the most active and influential women leaders in INSIGHT: Women can also dominate a particular place. They
Marytown are the INSA-KUM women. (BABASA GROUP) are not powerless.
IMPRESSION: INSA-KUM women are very impressive.

Although they have still the kids, the house and the
husbands to look after, they are not leaving out their
responsibility to their community.
OBSERVATION: The women of INSA-KUM are not just active

women of the society, they are also good natured and very
approachable.
32
Community Residents
INSA KUM members We think that they are influential in the community since
they are the organizers of the activities inside Marytown.
Role Models in Marytown
SOCIO-CULTURAL AUDIT
Mothers on gender socialization in the family
Villacorte The tasks usually assigned to their daughters are: cooking, washing the We feel quite depressed because we only interviewed 3
dishes, sweeping the floor, fixing the bed, ironing clothes and taking a mothers.
bath alone The mothers treat their children equally regardless of their
The tasks usually assigned to their sons are: eating alone, taking a bath gender
alone, and dressing up alone and fetching water. Ages of their children are 6 to 15 yrs. Old.
Good acts they teach to their daughters are: to fix their things, not to Mothers usually divide the works equally. Most of them said
say bad words, not to be boastful. that chores for the sons are harder (fetching water, hanging
Good acts they teach to their sons: not to litter, fix their things, not to the clothes…) than the chores for the daughters.
say bad words, to respect other people, esp. elders. There is a mother wherein her only son has a primary
Things they forbid their daughters: being boastful, saying bad words and complex, so she does all the chores.
fighting with other kids. There are instances when the children also adopt the
Things they forbid to their sons: fighting with other kids and saying bad negative attitude of their parents. For example, when their
words. father is drunk and heard him saying bad words, there is a
If their daughters obey them, they say words that can make their child tendency that the son/daughter would try to imitate the
feel their appreciation like “very good!” and they give rewards like toys attitude of their father.
or sometimes they cook her favorite dish. During the interview, we felt the irrevocable love of a
If their sons obey them, they say words that can make their child feel mother to her child especially when one mother have said
their appreciation like “very good!” and they give rewards like toys or that she would never leave their child in case he did
sometimes she cooks his favorite dish. something very disappointing. But, we cannot say if she
If their daughters did something wrong, they would confront her or could keep that statement if their children grew up.
sometimes hit them with a stick.
If their sons did something wrong, they would threaten him by saying
“isusumbong kita kay daddy” and sometimes they also hit the child with
a stick.
Influences from the community that have positive effects on the
character formation of their daughters are: being strong, enjoying life,
praying, “pagmamano”, following their parents and the catechisms
taught by the student volunteers.
33
Influences from the community that have positive effects on the
character formation of their sons are being strong, enjoying life, praying,
“pagmamano”, following their parents and the catechisms taught by the
student volunteers.
Influences from the community that have negative effects on the
character formation of their daughters are: the bad words they hear
from the neighbors, bingo games, drinking alcoholic beverages, and
smoking.
Influences from the community that have negative effects on the
character formation of their sons are: the bad words they hear from the
neighbors, bingo games, drinking alcoholic beverages, and smoking.
Fathers on gender socialization in the family
Porta TASKS ASSIGNED TO SONS AND DAUGTHERS: Sons are more hard headed than daughters
Parents are stricter on daughters because they are more
DAUGTHERS: vulnerable, men are physically stronger and can protect
themselves
-domestic chores (washing dishes, housekeeping, cooking, laundry) Families observe the Classic Family Set-up (women=
-take care of siblings reproductive; men= productive)
-more confined inside the house to help mother Fathers we interviewed discouraged hurting their children
as punishment
SONS: Fathers we interviewed were closer to their daughters
-repair fixtures of the house

-repair appliances
-rarely take care of the younger siblings
-not much expected to do household chores
-paint house
ACTS TAUGHT AND FORBIDDEN:
DAUGHTERS:
-help mother
-come home early (curfews)
-be mindful of own body (how they dress, act)
-fear in the Lord
34
-be honest and be honorable even if they are living in poverty
-forbidden to do heavy work
-discouraged to marry early
-“bawal tumambay”
SONS:
-protect family (next head of the family)

-taught how to repair appliances and house
-fear in the Lord
-be honest and be honorable even if they are living in poverty
-no vices
-discouraged to marry early
-“bawal magpaimpluwensya sa barkada”
APPROVAL WHEN THEY OBEY:
DAUGTHERS AND SONS:

-give incentives (money, material things)
-compliment/praise
DISAPPROVAL WHEN THEY DISOBEY:
DAUGTHERS AND SONS:

-scold (minumura)
-confront, talk
-do not hurt them
-“takutin lang”
POSITIVE EFFECTS AND INFLUENCES OF COMMUNITY AND OUTSIDE

ENVIRONMENT:
DAUGTHERS AND SONS:

-being family oriented
-humility
35
-importance of friendship/cooperation
-importance of education
-importance of faith in God
NEGATIVE EFFECTS AND INFLUENCES OF COMMUNITY AND OUTSIDE

ENVIRONMENT:
DAUGTHERS AND SONS:

-“Tsismosa” (daughters)
-vices/addictions
-Eloping with boyfriend/girlfriend
Day care workers on gender socialization in school

Camba Tasks given to male and female children: Although the teachers give the children equal tasks and
responsibilities inside the classroom they still teach gender
Boys and Girls are equally given the same tasks. 42 students (am and roles for the children by imposing what clothes they would
pm class: 18 girls wear and what jobs they will do in the future
24 boys) They say that they do not want to change the jobs assigned
to men (productive work) and women (reproductive work)
The boys and girls are taught on how a man and a woman should but this notion is contrary to what they aspire men and
properly dress. women to be - equal.
Boys: pants, shoes, brief, sando, jacket, hat. At such young age, the children are taught to be the future
Girls: panties, bras, sleeveless shirts, skirts. breadwinners of their families. This notion is giving the
researchers an idea that the community is instilling to the
They teach young girls and boys on how to dress based on their gender children their tasks and responsibilities as they grow up
and what jobs or tasks they are suppose to do when they grow-
up( female- household work; male- manual labor) Gender roles are formed as early as preschool. Children are
taught what they should do, who they should be in the
They also teach the children about the role of the parents and the other society and these things are informed by their perceived
members of the family, they emphasize that tasks done by males can notion of who a man and a woman is.
also be done by females and that it is important that both male and
female work to support and care for their families. Young girls who thinks that they ought to be professionals
someday is a good sign that they are having this sense of
Men: gardening, construction work, breadwinner. not strictly confining to the norms that impedes men and
women of marytown to develop and acquire better living
Women: cooks clean the house; do the dishes, wash clothes.
36
conditions.
Aside from teaching the children good manners they also teach them things
that they should not do (cursing, violence, vices, lying etc.) Given that the DCW’s acquired trainings on gender equality,
it is notable to consider that they are now acting as agents
The teachers themselves do what they teach in order for the children to of change in their society.
emulate them. (i.e they may sure that they’ll dress appropriately)
Day care center provides equal treatment in its male and
They use reward and punishment to make the children follow what they are female students. They are given same lessons, activities and
saying. responsibilities as a student.
Punishment: “face the wall”
Reward: star Students are also aware of the traditional roles and works of
Both boys and girls receive the same punishment and reward (boys usually men and women at an early age. This is probably due to the
get punishements) influence of their community. It goes to show that their
upbringing might affect who they’ll become.
Influences from the community that affect the children's behaviors:
According to the daycare teachers the biggest influence that affect the
behavior of the children are their family and surroundings, if they see bad Researchers also observed that day care teachers pay more
things around them they will most likely emulate these behaviors so they attention in disciplining their male students because they
suggested that it is important for the children to grow in a good environment are more stubborn compared to girls. Moreover, it must
and they are setting the day care center as a good environment. always be noted that in giving punishments and rewards,
the rule of equity must always be done.
7 out of 10 young boys are told that they will become breadwinners by their
families
5 out of 10 young girls thinks that they can also be breadwinners –

professional teacher, doctor, nurses - for their families (indicator that there
are girls who do not want to be plain housewives when they grow up)
Only 2-3 out of 10 families in Marytown both have the husband and wife
working together to support the family.
5 out of 10 families constantly remind their children about the right
and wrong attitudes and behaviors.
37
The DCWs think that what men can do, the women can also do it.
The girls are also taught on how they should behave and act, like the
proper way of sitting.
The girls are more who disciplined than the boys.
The environment in Marytown affects on how the children act. (i.e.

bingo, vices done by the adults) Because of this, the DCWs are making
the students on what will be the outcome in the future if they do that
certain act. Example: they will be imprisoned or they will be given to the
police.
The parents’ jobs influence on how the children shape their personality.
(i.e a female child hopes to be like her mother someday)
Teachers on gender socialization in school

Bena
External agents on gender socialization (Priest/Minister , Government, INSA & non-INSA staff)
GOVERNMENT STAFF -We noticed that Barangay Loyola is very much updated in
-Many women in Marytown are working. In fact, there are more women the current status of men and women in Marytown because
who have outside jobs rather than women who just stay at home. But, they have given us direct and necessary answers along with
these women experienced the so called double burden of work because other comments and points of view.
aside from attending jobs outside, they are also the ones taking care of -The expected attitudes and characteristics of men and
the house and the children when they have free time. women in the community is not only applicable to wives,
-They think that men should contribute to the household chores and not husbands, adult men and adult women, they are also
only leave these chores to women. If there is cooperation within the applicable to young kids - both boys and girls. We say this
house, the more the family will experience harmony and unity. because as what the Barangay have said, most mothers also
-For Barangay Loyola, they think that women are dedicated to their have their jobs outside Miriam College, and during this time,
work, are very loving and serve her family gently. On the other hand, the oldest girl in the children would serve as her siblings’
they think that men are strong and are the provider of the family; they temporary mother; hence, she should also adapt a mother-
should respect their wives at all times and should not be the one that like quality. On the other hand, it is known that there is an
initiates conflict. In order to maintain this kind of attitude in the issue of financial instability within the community and sons
community, the barangay supports both men and women in their field are also expected to at least the family; hence, he should
38
of work and conducts seminars to improve the relationship between adapt strong and father-like qualities.
husband and wife. -We think that the barangay should also be stricter in
-The Barangay also thinks that women are men are diverted to their regulating the vices within the community if it is disrupting
supposed to be good characters when faced with different influences the cycle and roles of mothers and fathers.
within and outside the community. Women became insensitive mothers -We have also observed that the Barangay is not aware of
when faced with playing Bingo and Tong-its; and fathers became too the street vendors that sell cigarettes to minors. It was just
neglectful in their children’s status because they are too busy with work after we said that we noticed these vendors that they said
or with socializing with other fathers through drinking liquors. The they have to take action.
Barangay shows their sign of disapproval of these bad qualities through
talking with men and women in private while expressing their
disappointment and offering pieces of advice.
-Religious organizations such as CFC are also helping out with family life
through meetings.
Old timers on Morality and Sexuality
Babasa The community members interviewed accepts the traditional gender Women view themselves as the “ilaw ng tahanan” and feels
roles designated for men and women obliged to live up to expectation/s that this image connotes.
Some feel that this set-up is the ideal kind of set-up since the
capabilities of women in the economic sector/ labor department is
limited compared to those of the males.
One of the interviewees feels that there may still be room for change
because of the pressure the economic crisis is putting upon women to
move out of the box and become bread winners themselves.
Characteristics of a good woman:
-Pious
-Respectful to parents
-Home-body
-Capable of domestic work
-Calm/quiet
-Simple
-Patient
Characteristics of a good man

-Respectful to parents
-Helpful
-Faithful to God and spouse
-No vices
39
-Responsible to family
-Disciplined
Unwanted characteristics of a woman:

-Has vices
-Unfaithful to God and spouse
-Disrespectful
-Gossiper
-Nagger
-Irresponsible
Unwanted characteristics for men:

-Disrespectful
-Aggressive
-Has vices
-Infidelity
How do they agree to the model of a good woman

-They conform to this image
How do they show their disagreement to misconduct

:
they ignore them
-They don’t interact with them if not necessary
What does the community do to show their agreement to does who fit
the image of an ideal man/woman
:-
they treat them normally
-The Church holds programs such as youth camps to raise gender
sensitivity
Expectations from unmarried teenagers with children:

-Don’t engage in PMS
Expectations for men and women depend on the point of view of the
40
elders/parents
Ex. Of expectations: home-body

Men should stay out of public places which encourage development of
vices (ex. Beer house, pub, sabungan)
-sexual conduct should be restrained as much as possible before
marriage. (holding hands only)
views on gays and lesbians:
They view them as “dirty” however, they can maintain a civil
relationship with them
They are “okay’ with them as long as they don’t engage in relationships
with the same sex.
Views on spinsters and ‘old’ bachelors:

-It is okay to be single and old BUT
Women are better off married for companionship and assistance
Views on separated couples :

-As long as they could give financial and emotional support, it is okay to
separate
-As much as possible, couples should stay together for the sake of the
children (children are labeled as bastards)
Separating is a sin
Views on those who have children outside of marriage:

-Disagree with this kind of set-up
-Children become labeled as bastards
-Men who are infidels have psychological problems
T.V./Periodicals:
-Soap Operas (Agua Bendita, Magkaribal, Rubi)
-NEWS
-Tabloid/s
Youth on media & Gender messages

Krishna They usually watch prime time dramas like “Ilumina”, “Pilyang Kerubin”, Even in television programs, the roles given to women are
41
“Agua Bendita”, “Noah” ,etc. still inferior to men.
they also read pocketbooks about romance and drama. Women are usually playing the roles of being poor and
They also read local newspapers and sometimes listen to some radio weak. They are also seen as sex-objects because of the kind
programs. of clothes they are wearing.
Men are usually playing the roles of being a person who has
the authority and power. They are also seen as oppressors.
But somehow, not all men and women have the same
characters. In some television dramas, some women have
the authority and have strong roles and in the end their
lives are changed.
Homosexuals are seen as “side-kicks” and they only play
supporting roles.
We think that media has a strong influence on the youth

today. This is where they learn the different issues and
problems in our society.
Even though some of the television shows are not real, its
messages about the role of men and women are still the
same as what the society perceives.
Men are still seen as the superior while women are
inferiors.
Homosexuals are still not yet fully accepted by everyone in
our society.
Even though we interviewed the youth, I somehow felt that
in their young age, they were already exposed to the
different realities in our society because of the influence of
the media.
42

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GENDER GAP AUDIT TOOLKIT

Women do most of the inside or household jobs while men do

 OBSERVATION – incomes were from sari sari stores,

OBSERVATION: The land area of Marytown is small to hold

the unpaid labor are double burden especially to women

-These were considered as very important sources of aid for

-These organizations are also labeled as Central for the

IMPRESSION: The church is reaching out their hands to their

OBSERVATION: None as of now.

Salon (haircut, manicure and pedicure, make-up)

Women engage more in reproductive work than productive work

Decision-making on Resources for the Family

Matters about the Children

IS THIS DECISION MAKING PATTERNS OKAY?

They want to change the system especially regarding the allocation of

Source of Drinking Water

Access to Educational Services/Literacy Programs

Common illnesses among adults- male/female and children 5 and below

The small area and very close arrangement of houses in the

The HC offers free vitamins and immunizations for free.

Problems with food security

Land-related conflict or conflicts over natural resources

Audit of natural resources

Environmental problems-for males, females and both

Environmental problems and community responses

Audit of barangay and municipal officials

Principal women’s associations in Marytown

Gabriela Only few organization have their focus on women.

IMPRESSION: INSA-KUM women are very impressive.

OBSERVATION: The women of INSA-KUM are not just active

-repair fixtures of the house

ACTS TAUGHT AND FORBIDDEN:

-protect family (next head of the family)

APPROVAL WHEN THEY OBEY:

DAUGTHERS AND SONS:

DISAPPROVAL WHEN THEY DISOBEY:

DAUGTHERS AND SONS:

POSITIVE EFFECTS AND INFLUENCES OF COMMUNITY AND OUTSIDE

DAUGTHERS AND SONS:

NEGATIVE EFFECTS AND INFLUENCES OF COMMUNITY AND OUTSIDE

DAUGTHERS AND SONS:

Day care workers on gender socialization in school

5 out of 10 young girls thinks that they can also be breadwinners –

The girls are more who disciplined than the boys.

The environment in Marytown affects on how the children act. (i.e.

Teachers on gender socialization in school

Characteristics of a good man

Unwanted characteristics of a woman:

Unwanted characteristics for men:

How do they agree to the model of a good woman

How do they show their disagreement to misconduct

Expectations from unmarried teenagers with children:

Ex. Of expectations: home-body

Views on spinsters and ‘old’ bachelors:

Views on separated couples :

Views on those who have children outside of marriage:

Youth on media & Gender messages

We think that media has a strong influence on the youth

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