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List of welding processes

This is a list of welding processes, separated into their respective categories. The
associated N reference numbers (second column) are specified in ISO 4063 (in the
European Union published as EN ISO 4063).[1] Numbers in parentheses are obsolete and were
removed from the current (1998) version of ISO 4063. The AWS reference codes of the
American Welding Society are commonly used in North America.[2]

Arc welding

Name N AWS Characteristics Applications

Atomic Two metal electrodes

hydrogen (149) AHW in hydrogen Historical
welding atmosphere

Bare metal Consumable electrode,

(113) BMAW Historical
arc welding no flux or shielding gas

Carbon arc Carbon electrode,

(181) CAW Copper, repair (limited)
welding historical

FCAW Continuous
Flux cored 136
FCAW- consumable electrode Industry, construction
arc welding 137
S filled with flux

Continuous
Gas metal arc 131
GMAW consumable electrode Industry
welding [3] 135
and shielding gas

Nonconsumable
Gas tungsten Aerospace,Construction(piping),Tool
141 GTAW electrode, slow, high
arc welding [4] and Die
quality welds

Nonconsumable
Plasma arc
welding 15 PAW electrode, constricted Tubing, instrumentation
arc

Consumable electrode
Shielded covered in flux, can
Construction, outdoors,
metal arc 111 SMAW weld any metal as long
maintenance
welding [5] as they have the right
electrode

Automatic, arc
Submerged
121 SAW submerged in granular
arc welding
flux

both tube ends are

electrodes; no
Magnetically
protection gas; arc
Impelled Arc 185 MIAB pipelines and tubes
rotates fast along edge
Butt
by applied magnetic
field

Oxyfuel gas welding

Name N AWS Characteristics Applications

Air acetylene Chemical welding process, not

(321) AAW Limited
welding popular

Combustion of acetylene with oxygen

Oxyacetylene
311 OAW produces high-temperature flame, Maintenance, repair
welding
inexpensive equipment

Oxygen/Propane Gas welding with oxygen/propane

312
welding flame

Oxyhydrogen Combustion of hydrogen with oxygen

313 OHW Limited
welding produces flame

Pressure gas Gas flames heat surfaces and Pipe, railroad rails
PGW
welding pressure produces the weld (limited)
 Resistance welding

Name N AWS Characteristics Applications

Two pointed electrodes apply pressure

Resistance spot Automobile industry,
21 RSW and current to two or more thin
welding Aerospace industry
workpieces

Two wheel-shaped electrodes roll

Resistance Aerospace industry,
22 RSEW along workpieces, applying pressure
seam welding steel drums, tubing
and current

Projection Semi-Automatic, Automatic, Welds are

23 PW
welding localized at predetermined points.

Flash welding 24 FW

Butt joint surfaces heated and brought

Upset welding 25 UW
together by force

Solid-state welding

Name N AWS Characteristics Applications

Joining of corrosion
Coextrusion Dissimilar metals are extruded through
CEW resistant alloys to
Welding the same die
cheaper alloys

Joining of soft alloys such as copper

Cold pressure
48 CW and aluminium below their melting Electrical contacts
welding
point

Diffusion Titanium pump

45 DFW No weld line visible
welding impellor wheels

Transition joints for

Joining of dissimilar materials, e.g.
Explosion chemical industry
441 EXW corrosion resistant alloys to structural
welding and shipbuilding.
steels
Bimetal pipelines
 Automotive industry,
Tubes or sheets are accelerated by
Electromagnetic pressure vessels,
electromagnetic forces. Oxides are
pulse welding dissimilar material
expelled during impact
joints

The oldest welding process in the

Forge welding (43) FOW world. Oxides must be removed by flux Damascus steel
or flames.

Thin heat affected zone, oxides Aerospace industry,

Friction welding 42 FRW disrupted by friction, needs sufficient railway, land
pressure transport

Shipbuilding,
Friction stir A rotating non-consumable tool is aerospace, railway
FSW
welding traversed along the joint line rolling stock,
automotive industry

Metals are pressed together at

Hot pressure elevated temperatures below the Aerospace
HPW
welding melting point in vacuum or an inert components
gas atmosphere

A hot inert gas applies the pressure

Hot isostatic Aerospace
47 HPW inside a pressure vessel, i.e. an
pressure welding autoclave components

Bimetallic materials are joined by

Roll welding ROW forcing them between two rotating Dissimilar materials
wheels

High-frequency vibratory energy is Solar industry.

Ultrasonic
41 USW applied to foils, thin metal sheets or Electronics. Rear
welding
plastics. lights of cars.

Other welding

Name N AWS Characteristics Applications

Electron beam 51 Deep penetration, fast, high equipment
EBW
welding 511 cost

Heavy plate
Welds thick workpieces quickly, vertical
Electroslag fabrication,
72 ESW position, steel only,
welding construction,
continuous consumable electrode.
shipbuilding.

Flow welding

Induction
74 IW
welding

Laser beam 521 Deep penetration, fast, high equipment

LBW Automotive industry
welding 522 cost

Combines LBW with GMAW in the same

Automotive,
Laser-hybrid welding head, able to bridge gaps up to
Shipbuilding,
welding 2mm (between plates), previously not
Steelwork industries
possible with LBW alone.

Following an electrical discharge,

Percussion Components of
77 PEW pressure is applied which forges the
welding switch gear devices
materials together

Thermite Exothermic reaction between alumnium

71 TW Railway tracks
welding powder and iron oxide powder

Electrogas Continuous consumable electrode, Storage tanks,

73
welding vertical positioning, steel only shipbuilding

Welds studs to base material with heat

Stud arc welding 78 and pressure

Notes and references

See also
Welding

List of welding codes

Symbols and conventions used in welding documentation

laser cladding

External links

Read in another language

Last edited 6 months ago by Widr

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