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1-Air Liquide Gas Properties Safety HT VWT 2013 PDF
1-Air Liquide Gas Properties Safety HT VWT 2013 PDF
INDUSTRIAL GASES
FOR HEAT TREATMENT
PROPERTIES, SAFETY and SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 2
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL
and SAFETY GAS PROPERTIES
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Ammonia
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 3
GASES IN METAL HEAT TREATMENTS
Oxidizing Decarburizing
O2, H20, CO2 H20, CO2, O2
Reducing Carburizing
H2, CO CO, CxHy
MeO + H2 Æ Me + H2O
H2 + CO Æ C + H2O
MeO + CO Æ Me + CO2
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases
GAS CLASSIFICATION
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 5
NEUTRAL or INERT GAS
Identification
Exemples
Nitrogen Rare gases :
Argon Neon
Helium Xenon
Carbon dioxide Krypton
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 7
NITROGEN: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 8
NITROGEN: ANOXIA
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COMBUSTIBLE GAS
Identification
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HYDROGEN: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Formula : H2
Molecular weight : 2.0 g/mole
Density / air :0.07 kg/m3
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 11
HYDROGEN: FLAMMABILITY
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 12
FIRE TRIANGLE
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 13
EXPLOSIVITY DIAGRAM EXAMPLE
Oxygen Nitrogen
Explosive mixture
Hydrogen
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 14
TOXIC or CORROSIVE GAS
Identification
Toxic: Poison of organism from certain concentration,
depending from exposure time
Corrosive: Chemical attack of a lot of products : metals,
clothes, skin, …
Exemples
Toxic Corrosive
Carbon monoxid Ammonia
Ammonia Chlorine
Chlorine
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 15
AMMONIA: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Formula: NH3
Molecular weight :17.03 g/mole
Gas density : 0.77 kg/m3
corrosive toxic flammable
Ammonia is a gas in normal atmospheric conditions.
It is a colorless, slightly flammable, toxic gas with a
suffocating odor.
Ammonia is stored in liquid form in metal recipients
without thermal isolation. In storage, liquid ammonia is in
equilibrium with its own vapor pressure: its pressure
varies with the temperature
D1 liter liquid NH3 = 947 liters of gas (15°C / 1 atm.)
D1 kg liquid NH3 = 1370 liters of gas
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 16
AMMONIA: FLAMMABILITY
Ammonia is capable of forming an explosive mixture with
air. However, its inflammation requires a high temperature
and a high energy ignition source.
Explosions can only occur in a closed area
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 17
AMMONIA: BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 18
AMMONIA: MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY
Aluminium Satisfactory
Brass, Copper Non recommended
Carbon & Stainless Steels Satisfactory
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 19
AMMONIA SPECIFICATIONS
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 20
OXIDIZING GAS
Identification
Exemples
Air
Oxygen
Nitrous oxide
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 21
DATA and NORMS ON GASES
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 22
SAFETY
FOR
HEAT-TREATMENT
FURNACES
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 23
FURNACE ATMOSPHERE - SAFETY
EUROPEAN SAFETY NORM EN 746-3 : Safety
requirements for the generation and use of atmosphere
gases in furnaces.
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 24
FURNACE ATMOSPHERE - SAFETY
EUROPEAN SAFETY NORM EN 746-3 : Safety
requirements for the generation and use of atmosphere
gases in furnaces.
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 25
FURNACE ATMOSPHERE - SAFETY
Safety - N2 purging
Purging without ignition of flammable atmospheres
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 26
FURNACE ATMOSPHERE - SAFETY
Safety - N2 purging
How to purge ?
DOxygen concentration before purging is 20.8% (air)
DOxygen concentration after purging must be under 1% v/v
DPurge is function of the furnace´s volume, nitrogen flowrate
and purging time
DNumber of renewal is about 4 to 5 times the furnace´s
volume per hour.
DAt the end, another purge is performed during cooling phase
to decrease the (H2+CO) concentration < 5% (v/v) and
CnHm concentration < 1%(v/v) to be safe before opening
the furnace.
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 27
GASES:
SUPPLY, STORAGE, DISTRIBUTION
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 28
PRODUCTION MODES and DISTRIBUTION
Small quantities 1 to 50 Nm3/h
Industrial
Merchant
Large
Industries
Large quantities 1000 to 100 000 Nm3/h
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 29
NITROGEN SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Liquid supply
Cryogenic Process
N2 Purity
100%
APSA-L
Bulk Supply
APSA
APSA-LE
99.9%
Permeation
Process
SPI AMSA
Small Membranes Large Membranes
N2 Production (Nm3/h)
95%
10 100 1000 10000
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 30
NITROGEN: LIQUID DISTRIBUTION
Liquid nitrogen
storage
Liquid nitrogen
road tanker
for delivery
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 31
NITROGEN ON-SITE PRODUCTION
Cryogenic air separation with APSA
AIR
OFF
NITROGEN PRODUCT
GAS
COMPRESSED AIR
NITROGEN GAN
MONITORING Analysis
NITROGEN LIN
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 32
NITROGEN ON-SITE PRODUCTION
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 33
HYDROGEN - PACKAGED SUPPLY
Cylinders
D 0,7 - 2 - 6 -10 m3
D 200 bars
D 99,9% - 99,995% - 99,999%
Bundles
D 120 m3 (12 cylinders)
D 9kg
D 200 bars
D 99,9% - 99,99% - 99,995% - 99,999%
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 34
HYDROGEN - BULK SUPPLY
Tube trailers
D 2000 - 5600 m3 GH2
D 150 - 420 kg
D 200 bars
D 99,99%
HYOS-E HYOS-R
1 10 100 1000
Log (m3/h)
30-300m/h
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 36
HYDROGEN - LARGE PIPE LINES SUPPLY
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 37
AMMONIA STORAGES
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 38
THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION !
ANY QUESTIONS ?.
Laurent Coudurier – Air Liquide The world leader in industrial and medical gases 39