2.

Link 6: Ramos, Aglipay, Quirino to Maddela, Quirino (Repeater 5 to Repeater 6)

Station Latitude Longitude

Ramos, Aglipay, Quirino 16° 28' 16.8" 121° 39' 31.5"

Maddela, Quirino 16° 20' 33.6" 121° 41' 22.5"

Difference Δɸ 0° 7' 43.2" Δλ 0° 1'51"

Seconds Δɸsec 463.2" Δλsec 111"

To get the minimum range latitude (ɸm)

ɸm = (16° 28' 16.8"+16° 20' 33.6")/2

ɸm = 16°24’25.2”

By interpolation exact Log Bm/Am of the minimum range latitude can be computed.

values of Log Bm/Am , see the Logarithmic Table in Appendix B-1.

Exact Log Bm/Am

0.002698
17°
y
1° 16°24’25.2” x -0.000028
24’25.2”
16°
0.002726

x
= 0°24′ 25.2"/1°
−0.000028

x = −1.1396 ∗ 10−5

y = 0.002726 +(−1.1396*10^-5)

y = 0.00274604
 Log Bm/Am = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟔𝟎𝟒

Exact Log Am
8.509601
17°
y
1° 16°24’25.2” x -0.000014
24’25.2”
16°
8.509615
x
= 0°24′ 2"/1°
−1.4 ∗ 10−5
x = −5.698 ∗ 10−6

y = 8.509615 +(−5.698 ∗ 10−6 )

Log Am = 8.509609302

Azimuth Calculation from True North

log Bm/Am 0.002746604

log cosɸm -0.01805484868 add

log Δλsec 2.045322979

2.03001417
subtract
logΔɸsec 2.665768551

log cotω = -0.635754321

cotω = 0.2313372768
ω = 76.97448603
ω = 76° 58’ 28.15”

∆λ
C= sin(ɸm )
2
 C = 0° 1′ 51"/2 (sin16°24’25.2”)

𝐂 = 𝟎°𝟎′ 𝟏𝟓. 𝟔𝟖"

Case 2: Northern Hemisphere Station E north of Station W

Az1 = 90° + ω – c Az2 = 270° + ω + c

Az1 = 90° + 76° 58’ 28.15”- 0°0′ 15.68" Az2 = 270° + 76° 58’ 28.15”-+0°0′ 15.68"

Az1 = 166° 58’ 12.47” Az2 = 346° 58’ 42.83”

Difference of Az2 and Az1

= 346° 58’ 42.83”- 166° 58’ 12.47”

= 180° 0’30.36”

Path Distance Calculation

logcosɸm = -0.01805484868
add
logΔλsec = 2.045322979

2.02726813 Subtract

log Am = 8.509609302

-6.482341172
Subtract
logcosω = -0.6470751443

logD(m) = -5.835266028 Add 10

 D(m) = 14612.81789 m

D(km) = 14.61281789 km

Find d1, distance from Ramos to Obstruction 6

Station Latitude Longitude

Ramos, Aglipay, Quirino 16° 28' 16.8" 121° 39' 31.5"

Obstruction 2 16° 24′ 00" 121° 40′ 30"

Difference Δɸ 4’ 16.8” Δλ 0° 0’ 58.5”

Seconds Δɸsec 256.8" Δλsec 58.5"

To get the minimum range latitude (ɸm)

ɸm = (16° 28' 16.8"+16° 24′ 00")/2

ɸm = 16°26’8.4”

By interpolation exact Log Bm/Am of the minimum range latitude can be computed. For

the equivalent values of Log Bm/Am, see the Logarithmic Table in Appendix B-1.

Exact Log Bm/Am

0.002698
17°

1° 16°26’8.4” y x -0.000028
26’8.4”
16°
0.002726
 x 0°26′ 8.4"
=
−0.000028 1°

x = −1.219866667 ∗ 10−5

y = 0.002726 + (−1.219866667*10^-5)

Log Bm/Am = 0.002713801333

Exact Log Am
8.509601
17°
y x
1° 16°26’8.4” -1.4*10^-5
26’8.4”
16°
8.509615

x
= 0°26′ 8.4"/1°
−1.4 ∗ 10−5
x = −6.099333333 ∗ 10−6

y = 8.509615 + (−6.099333333 ∗ 10−6 )

Log Am = 8.509608901

Azimuth Calculation from True North

log Bm/Am 0.002713801333

log cosɸm -0.0181188884 add

log Δλsec 1.767155866

1.749039691
subtract
logΔɸsec 2.409595019

log cotω = -0.660519328

cotω = 0.2185147069
 ω = 77.67377901

ω = 77°40’25.6”

∆λ
C= sin(ɸm )
2

C = (0° 0’ 58.5"/2)(sin𝟏𝟔°𝟐𝟔’𝟖. 𝟒")

C = 0°0′ 8.28"

Path Distance Calculation

logcosɸm = -0.0181188884
add
logΔλsec = 1.767155866

1.749036982
subtract
log Am = 8.509608901

-6.760571919
subtract
logcosω = -0.6706478457

Logd1(m) = -6.089924073 add 10

d1(m) = 8129.726339 m

d1 (km) = 8.129726339 km

Find d2 from obstruction 1 to Maddela

d2 = D – d1

d2 = 14.61281789 km – 8.129726339 km

d2 = 6.483091551 km