New Reseaech

A STUDY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF JASMINE GROWERS, A CASE
STUDY ON HAGARIBOMMANA HALLI TALUK
CHAPTER: I
1.1 INTRODUCTION:
Flowers have always been an integrated part of Indian culture and society with Globalization and
free market economy floriculture has attained an industrial states and has gained tremendous in
the last few years. However this sector is still in a nascent sage of development and accounts for
negligible share in the global exports. Floriculture is a viable and profitable alternative for the
new generation of farmers. By recognizing its full potential. India has a fair chance of attaining a
strong position on the world floriculture platform.
Various scholarly efforts have made to study the agriculture through different angles. Studies an
economics of production and marketing have attracted the attention of research workers in recent
years. Economic research provides information and knowledge needed for the formulation and
evolution of economic policies.
Jasmine is an important traditional flowers crop of our jasmine species are grown all over the
Karnataka state. The State are gundu mallige jaji mallige kakada sooji mallige.
Jasmines are native of tropical and subtropical regions and introduced in the mid sixteenth
century. Among the large number of species existing, only three species have attained
importance in commercial cultivation. Jasminum sambac is considered as a native of the East
Indies. Jasmine blossoms have been in use in India, China and countries of mystic orient for
ceremonial purpose, as religious offerings and for perfuming the hair oils, etc. since time
immemorial. The name Jasmine is of Arabic origin and is believed to have been derived from
jasmine. It is reported that the height of its popularity reached its peck two to five hundred years
ago at canton and metropolis of southern China.
MEANING OF JASMINE
JASMINE is one of the oldest fragrant flowers and is especilly appreciated in India. The
term jasmine is probably derived from the Persian word „Yasmin‟ meaning „fragrance‟.
Jasmines are widely grown in warm parts of southern Asia, Europe, Africa and the
VIJAYANAGARA COLLEGE, HOSPET Page 1

Pacific regions. It is the national flower of the Philippines adopted by its government in
1937. And, recently in 1990, Indonesian government also has adopted it as the national
flower.
Jasmine belongs to the family Oleaceae. Although more than 2,000 species are known,
40 species have been identified in India and 20 are cultivated in South India
(Bhattacharjee,db 1980). Jasmine can be grown in a variety of climate and soils.
Generally, it prefers midtropical climate for proper growth and flowering. Commercially
grown important Jasminum species are J. sambac, J. auriculutum,
J. grandiflorum and J.multiflorum. In India, Jasmines are cultivated throughout the
country. However, the largest area under Jasmine flower production is in Tamil Nadu
followed by Karnataka. The annual production of flowers in India is worth more than
Rs.120 million (Dadlani, 2004). Apart from internal trade, fresh flowers of jasmine are
exported to Malaysia, Singapore and Srilanka. In Karnataka, Jasminum auriculatum is
grown in Huvinahadagali and Hagaribommanahalli taluks in Bellary
District, Harpanahalli in Davangere District and to some extent in Lakkundi in Gadag
District. It is grown in an area of 3,451 ha with an estimated production of nearly 20,244
tonnes of fresh flowers (Dadlani, 2004). Hadagali mallige, locally known as “Vasane
mallige”, is a household name in Karnataka and its fragrance known around the world.
Recently, Mysore mallige, Udupi mallige and Hadagali mallige have been registered
under the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). The Geographical Indication (GI) status has
1provided executive rights to the local community to cultivate these three species and
continue to grow for many more years.
Department of Horticulture, Government of Karnataka is also promoting cultivation of
these species to protect the rare plant species by conducting workshops to create more
awareness.
It is well known that enzymes play key roles in the transformation, recycling and
availability of plant nutrients in soil. They are likely to be influenced by fertilizers and
manures. Various enzyme activities were found to be maximum in FYM treatment.
Higher 1rates of NPKfertilization enhanced the activities of soil enzymes and the
effect was more pronounced with FYM in combination with fertilizers (NPK)
(Singaram and Kamalakumari, 1993).

Review of literature
1. Nageshwar rao and Behra 2001
They reported that flowers are earning more than 40000 per acre annually by the way of raised
cultivation. According to them formers are able to harvest up to 2lakh flowers per acre per
annum. They conducted that the flowers growers do not consider marketing of flowers as a
problem expert price fluctuation.
2. Naga gouda and narayana gouda1990

In their study made an attempt an effect of cycloid and malice hydrazide of yield in gundu malli.
They have analyzed jasmine flowers and extraction of essential oil that the pattern freshly
prepared cycocel and msaluic hydroxide each at 1000 and 2000ppm were sprayed and prepurring
they results that cycocel treated plants recorded higher flower yield in February and march
however they revealed that April may and June are peak flowing months in jasmine.
3. Raghava 1996
He has observed that the floriculture in emerging as an important venture in the world. It has
become a potential of money spinner for the third world countries commercial floriculture is
becoming important from the export agriculture to be around 3400 hectares. The area under
flower crops increased to 38000 hectares in 1992-93. India share in the world was only 0.6%till
1990.since as many as 134 collaborations attracting crores have been approved by India at an
estimated total outlay of more than Rs 100crores.
4. Dodlani 2000
Dodlani have pointed out the growing domestic market of flowers. A study of Delhi market in
1995 estimated a trade of more than rs 50crores annually. This has increased many times diving
the last 4 to 5 years. Which has seen a major growth in business has evidenced by the florist
shops in every lolity in Delhi. A similar situation exists in all other major cities in the country.
The green house producer has also led to appreciation of quality flowers for obtaining better
prices. The range of products has vastly improved. Flowers like authurium orchid illium callality
bird of paradise stanthus and liatrice which one saw only in international stalls at flower shows
or in magazines are being sold on street corners along with good quality rose carnation gerbera
and chrysanthemum.
5. Ashok dhillion 2003

He has selected 3 districts and 1 block from each district on the basis of the area of flower
production from each selected district from each block the list of village was prepared to find
where flower production is adopted from these village 120 growers were randomly and 13 large
growers. The study revealed that flowers are grown in 1850 hectares diving 1996-2000.
According to their findings in Haryana flowers production has emerged has on of the most
luctitive business due to the higher potential of returns in comparison to other horticulture crops.
5. Sharma and Sharma 1958

They stated that speciation in jasminum spp has been principally affected by the structural
alternation of chromosomes. Continuous accumulation of these structural changes has been the
main reason for the origin of new species, although polyploidy too has assisted to some extent
initially in the speciation of the genus.
6. Gupta and Sharma 1972

They reported that polyploidy and gone mutation played on important role in speciation of the
genus and there is great scope for evolving now and improved species of jasmine. Jasmine is
highly domesticated and propagated almost entirely by vegetative means. Sexual reproduction is
absolute and almost absent in many of the jasmine species many being either pollen sterile.
7. George and Geethamma 1983

George and Geethamma showed that the stecilits of the pollen is ultimately due to some
defective gone function in their mciotic cells causing various meiotic abnormalities including
cytomixis which access spontaneously and abontantly in their pallen mother cells.
8. Karmakar and srivastava 1986

Sterility and meiosis in 5 species of jasmine has been studied by karmakar and srivastava
extensive studies on seed set and germination has been carried out at IIHR Bangalore. Pollen
sterility and non-viability may be the causes for poor seed setting.
10.Veluswamy 1975
Veluswamy suggested that the number of true species is lesser similar lesser number of species
in jasmenium is also reported by cooke. The distribution pattern of nearly 72 species in India.
Malasia and china provide a strong base to claim that india is one of the principal centers of
origin of jasmenium species among these about to species are reported to access in india.
11. Pal B.P 1991

The rose in India is a book of pal b.p. It has refused that the government under taking the state
trading corporation decided to sponsor a project on the export of cut roses to the western
European.
12.Armitrage 1992
He has contributed specially cut flower he studied various reports and recived the production of
speciality cut flower. He concluded that specially flowers were economical in field but not in the
green house. He studied detailed guidelines concerning cost of production of field grown
speciality flowers.
13. Sing D.K. 1998-99

Sing carried out cost of cultivation of secleted flowers in his study on development of
floriculture in utterpradesh to evaluate the economic gains and to identity propects in production
of seleted flowers were the main objectives of his study . for this study some flowers were

selected based on their importence in utterpredesh flowes taking in to account as a critesia of

maximum coverage of under such a flower in 1998-99
14. T.k Bose 1999’

Bose discussed about various aspects of ‘ floriculture and land scaping ‘he focused on prosepton
flowericulture in india he mentioned commercial floriculture is an activity which has assumed
same importantance only in use recent times,according to his study Karnataka ,tamilnadu
,westbengal ,andra,maharastra,and rajastan were the leading states in hitech flowericulture he
also abserved that more than two third of present flowericulture an as under cultivation of
traditional flowers like jasmine ,marigold ,rose etc.
15. Jithender singh 2002

He stated that floriculture is the science of flower production he remarked ,apart from fruits and
vegetables floriculture industry in india compraising of florist trade ,mersy plants potted plants
seed and such products has being abeserval as sunrise industry there has been fsoring business
of flowers in almost all metrocities in india.
16.Bhatta chari andchandra 2003
He suggested for improvement of the situation of loose flowers thouse are to arrange supply to
better duality planning materials and seed ,equip the famers,provide financial help to flower
growers ,provide cheep transport facilities.
17. Gajanna and m.sudha 2003

The has contributed ‘production and marketing research on traditional flowers ‘ in this . authors
discussed the matter of traditional flower production in Indian. they have classified the flowers in
seasoned and perannai flower .they mentioned that jasmine.
18. Sharma 2000

Sharma has discussed development activities of floriculture and credit support in his assile on
NABARD s rule credit support to floriculture he maintained NABARD has sanctioned he several
scheme for floriculture development he observed major empassis has given to floriculture under
controlled conditions the states which are contributing lot of floriculture are maharastra andra
Karnataka and tamilnadu. NABARD has which reference to floriculture project.the bank has
contributed in a very big was to improving the export earning of fresh flowers by the sanctioning
the transport oriented project in cut flowers.
19. Mahale 2012

Mahale has given information about devilment of floriculture of Maharastra he studied 188
project with on area of 33.5 acres under gerbera and 40 project with on area of 9.75 acres under
carnation he observed average size of each unit is 500mm according to his study pune, sangli,
and kollapur are major developed district as far as concern to hi-tech floriculture he found the
profit on gerbera cultivation comes to rupees 0.15lakhs during first year 1.44lakhs in the second
year where there was a profit of rupees 1.40lakhs in second year .

20. Ramkumer ajit 2003

In his article dry flower production and export have given importance economic marketing they
expressed dry flower industry is important as far as concerned of fluctuation of price level they
are flowers near natural dried preserved and processed which is cheaper year round availability
of raw materials reducing transport cost dried arrangements are time savers and these suit the
modern times not dependable on weather.
NEED FOR THE STUDY -

I am selecting Hagaribommnahalli(Tq) as a case study if my research. I have to
find out the social-economic problems if jasmine growers and How the govt. assistance
and facilities helps to this area’s jasmine growers. I am taking this study to giving
support for jasmine growers and I try to show have their need to Indian economy.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:-

India is a village country huge if villages in India. An minimum villages are have
potters. But also India could not export the pots to foreign presently our country has
exporting pots if only one (15%) percentage.
In jasmine growers the whole family member are involving to make pot. But they don’t
have to gratification. Still are in poor condition.
This people are unable to getting Education, Health and shelter they don’t have social
status in the society.
This types of conditions lead to under development o country.
Bellary District Hagaribommanahalli (Tq), jasmine growers are (nothing) beside else of it
without Creativity and talent this is no employment opportunity for them so for that
reason they are facing many problems. Basically these people are can’t stay one place.
They are like nomad people.
We are in 21st Century but also not to solve problems. It is unbelievable government has
improved their life standard of living and make good of their Socio-Economic
Conditions.

OBJECTIVES:
 To know the living condition or standard of living and problems faced by jasmine
grows in the study area.
 To know the pattern of expenditure and return of the jasmine flower growers in
the study area.
 To find out the social-economic problems of jasmine growers and Index of the
solving measure
 To create awareness and giving support
 To find out the Income level
 To Giving information about government assistance to jasmine growers
 To find out the socio-economic degrees /status
 To find out the education level of jasmine growers
HYPOTHESIS:
The socio economic conditions of flori growers are to be subjected to improve through
floriculture in the study area.
1. The jasmine growers socio-economic conditions has not good

2. The jasmine growers education conditions in low level
SCOPE OF THE STUDY:
To study the Socio economic conditions of jasmine growers, I have been selected
Hyderabad Karnataka region, Hagaribommanahalli (Tq), in Bellary (Dist),
Hagaribommanahalli (Tq), has more than 53 villages. Bellary has famous in worldwide,
but also have jasmine growers all backward in socio – economical.
Floriculture in India comprises both traditional and modern flower crops. Most traditional
flowers are grown in open fields while modern flowers are grown under protected
conditions. The traditional flowers grown in the open include chrysanthemum, jasmine,
crossandra, rose, tuberose, aster, marigold, champaka, etc. A large number of small
and marginal farmers as well as small traders (forming the unorganized sector) are
eking out a living in the sector compared to hi-tech floriculture. The traditional flowers

are grown in all districts of the state. The traditional floriculture is still predominant in the
state in terms of area and production. However, there are a few exceptions to this
general practice in Karnataka. For instance, Jasmine flowers are also grown by small
and marginal farmers under open conditions, while traditional flowers like
chrysanthemum are grown by large growers under poly-house conditions. The chief
flowers grown under greenhouse conditions are rose, gerbera, carnation, bird of
paradise and anthodium. The present study is focused on the socio economic
conditions of jasmine growers, a case study on Hagaribommanahalli.
METHODOLOGY
Data for the study
The study was based on both the primary data. Primary data were collected from
schedule of questionnaire as interview, in this research has in Hagari Bommanahalli
Taluk. The primary data used for the present study relates to the year 2015-16, whereas
the collection data relating to area, production and exports pertain to the periods
ranging from recent years depending on the data made available by the fieldwork
sources.
Study area (for collection of primary data)

A Socio-economic condition of jasmine growers in Hagari Bommanahalli taluk is
concentrated in the districts of bellary, because of favorable climate and easier access
to the market. Hence, this taluk was selected for this study. Any production system,
especially the one which is biological in nature, is influenced by the agro-climatic
environment in which it operates. An understanding of these factors and region would
be useful to understand the production system and the environment influencing the
decision making process. Commercial production of flowers especially under
greenhouse conditions is concentrated in the districts mentioned above. Hence this
village was purposively chosen for the study.
Importance
Jasmine is a highly valued ornamental plant for home gardens and commercial
cultivation. Flowers and buds are used for making garlands, bouquets and for religious
offerings, while veni is used as hair adornment. The flowers are also used for the
production of perfumed hair oils and attars. The flowers should preferably be picked at
night for extraction of essential oil. Jasmine fragrance is said to give a feeling of

optimism, confidence and euphoria, and is helpful against depression, nervous

exhaustion and stress related conditions. Jasmine is also used for catarrh, coughs,
laryngitis, dysmenorrhea, labor pains, uterine disorders and many skin problems. In
Konkan region the important flowers are grown as like Kagda, Jasmine, Rose,
Chrysanthemum, Aster, Gladiolus, Tuberose and marigold due to their demand on one
side and other side is favourable climate to grow them. Jasmine is one of the oldest
fragrant flowers cultivated by the farmers of hagaribommanahalli taluk. Favourable
climatic conditions, availability of transport and good demand for flowers provide an
ideal situation for flower cultivation due to nearness of ballari metropolitan region.
Among the varieties of jasmine, Jasminum grandiflorum (Pichi) is cultivated in more
than 60 percent of the area followed by Jasminum auriculatum (Mullai). Tamil Nadu is
the leading producer of jasmine in the country with an annual production of 77,247
tonnes from a cultivated area of 9360 hectare (Singh, 2006). Karnataka is the second
highest producer of jasmine flowers. In the year 2004 Karnataka has produced 20,244
tonnes of jasmine flower from 3,451 hectare earning 8,265 lakh rupees. The Tigala
community near Devanahalli and Chickaballapur are extremely good at growing flowers.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND CONCEPTUAL

FRAMEWORK :-
Jasmine are native of tropical and subtropical
regions and introduced in the mid sixteenth century.
Among the large number of species have attained
importance in commercial cultivation jasmine sambac is
considered as a native of the East Indies. The name
Jasmine is of Arabic origin and is believed to have been
derived from Yasmin. It is reported that the height of its
popularity reached its peck two to five hundred years
ago at canton and metropolis of southern China.

Area under the cultivation of jasmine in India
In India, Jasmines are cultivated throughout the

country but the commercial cultivation is confined to
coimbatore,madurai, and dindigul(Tamil nadu), kannauj ,
jaunpur and gazipur (utter pradesh) udaipur, jaipur,
Ajmer and Kota (Rajastan),Rana ghat, kola ghat
pancskura ( west Bengal ); parts of andra Pradesh and
maharastra and bangalore, ballari,Mysore and kolar
(Karnataka).
Area under cultivation of jasmine in Karnataka
Jasmine sambac are cultivate in Bangalore, Mysore. It is

famous by the name "Mysore mallige ".
In the south Karnataka Udupi mallige is cultivated.
And in the bellary district is cultivated the
jasmine auriculatum -(mullai) is in the taluk of

hagaribommanahalli, Hoovina Hadagali and the jasmine

auriculatum famous by the name " Hadagali mallige ".

CHAPTER: II
PROFILE OF STUDY AREA

Location and size with map
Hagaribommanahalli is a village panchayat located in the Bellary district of Karnataka

state, India. The latitude 15.037974 and longitude 76.204262 are the geocoordinate of
the Hagaribommanahalli. Bangalore is the state capital for Hagaribommanahalli village.
It is located around 272.3 kilometer away from Hagaribommanahalli.. The other nearest
state capital from Hagaribommanahalli is Bangalore and its distance is 229.2 KM. The
other surrouning state capitals are Hyderabad 357.8 KM., Chennai 491.1 KM.,
Pondicherry 521.8 KM.

HISTORY OF THE STUDY AREA:-
During the British period, Bellary - the district headquarters town - was a cantonment and was
held to be of considerable strategic importance. It was developed into a centre of trade and
commerce despite the constraints posed by the lack of drinking water facility. Further, from
about the year 1826, the area of about 400 sq.km. around Sandur town enjoyed the
status of an independent State under the suzerainty of the British. After the attainment of
Independence in 1947, the ruler of Sandur signed the merger agreement on April 1, 1949,
transferring the administration of Sandur State to the Government of India. In 1950, with the
addition of a few villages from the adjacent taluks of Kudligi and Hospet, Sandur was constituted
into an independent taluk of Bellary district. In 1953, consequent on the promulgation of the
Andhra State act, the erstwhile Bellary district of Madras province was bifurcated and three of its
then existing ten taluks, viz., Adoni, Alur and Rayadurga became a part of the newly constituted
Andhra Pradesh and remaining seven taluks namely Bellary, Hospet, Siruguppa, Sandur,
Harapanahalli, Kudligi and Hadagali as also the sub-taluk of Mallapuram were transferred to the
erstwhile Mysore State. Later in 1960, Mallapuram sub taluk was upgraded into full-fledged
taluk. Consequently, the total number of taluks in the district moved upto eight. In 1974,
however, xviii Mallapuram taluk was abolished and a new taluk named after Hagari
Bommanahalli was constituted. On this occasion, due to the transfer of villages from one taluk to
another, there were considerable changes in the boundaries of three more taluks, viz., Kudligi,
Hadagali and Hospet. With the re-organisation of the districts during 1997, the number of taluks
is reduced to seven. The Harapanahalli taluk has been transferred to Davanagere district.
PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Taluk has main river is Tungabhadra and hagari with malavi dam, Bande Ranganatha
hills this is located in back water of tungabhadra river near by thambra halli.there are
two inspection bungalow. Bande ranganatha hill which is created greenery around that
hill by Tungabhadra River.
CLIMATE
The seasonal and climate conditions in the hb halli talk temperature range from minimum 13
degree calicoes during numbers to a maximum of 44 degrees calicoes in April and may weather
persists for a major lot of the year. Average rain fall for the talk id about 554.5mm per annum.
Which precipitates in about 36 rainydays. Usually august and September months get maximum
rain fall.
Hb halli is very hot in summer. Hb halli summer highest day temperature is in between 28 degree
C to 40 degree C. Average temperature of January February is 26 C march April may 28 degree
C.
Demographic Features:
Population
The sub district is home to about 1.9 lakh people among them about 95000(51%) are male and
about 93000(49%) are female. 62% of the hole population are from general caste 25% are from
SC and 13% are ST. child (aged under 6 years) population of hb halli taluk 14% among them 52%
are boys and 48% are girls. there are about 37000 households in the sub district and an avarage
5 persons live in every family.
Population growth
Population of the sub district has increased by 17.7% in the last 10 years in 2001
census. Total population here were about 1.6 lakh. Female population growth rate of the
sub district is 17.4% which is -0.6% lower than male population growth rate of 18%.
General caste population has increased by 7.9% SC population has increased by
54.3%, ST population has increased by 16.2% and child population has decreased by -
1.2% in the sub district since last census.
Density of population
Sex ratio
As 2011 census there are 974 females per 1000 nmale in the sub district . sex ratio in
general caste is 966 , in SC is 997, and in ST is 973. There are 941 girls under 6 years
of age per 1000 boys of the same age iin the sub district over all sex ratio in the sub
district has decreased by 6 females per 1000 male during the years from 2001 to 2011
child sex ratio here has increased by 15 girls per 1000 boys during the same time.
Poverty

Below poverty
Literacy rate
Total about 1.1 lakh people in the sub district are literate among them about 65000 are
male and about 48000 are female literacy rate (children under 6 are excluded) of hb
halli is 70% . 79 % of male and 60% female population areliterate here. Over all literacy
rate in the sub district has increased by 12%. Male literacy has gone up by 8% and
female literacy rate has gone up 15%.
Schools and colleges
Labour force
Hb halli has 50%(about 95000 population angaged in either main are marginal workers.
57% male and 43 % female population are working population. 53% of total male
population are main (full time) workers and 4% are marginal (part time) workers. For
woman 34% of toala female population are main and 10% are marginal workers.
Agriculture and non-agriculture aspects
Local Administrative setup
Soil agriculture land use patterns and irrigation
Industry profile
Industrialization

Industries estate
Industrial sector
Banking sector
Public bank
Private Banks
Foreign banks
Natural resources
Forest
Minerals
Rivers
Infrastructures and social overheads

Transportation
Education
Health
Social welfare
Power
Women and child development
Rural drinking water

Amenities in the study area
CHAPTER: III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
The study has used primary data. The primary data has been collected from the flower
growing formers in the study area. The primary data has been used for analyzing the
socio economic background of the floricultural economy.
Hagaribommanahalli taluk has been selected for in depth analysis. It has been selected
on the one the ground of having highest area under floricultural in the bellary district. A
cluster of one village in 60 above flower growers has been selected to draw samples
farmers from this village, 60 above flower growers each have been selected and data
relating to various issues to floriculture and the growers background has been selected
or collected.
These details have been collected for the reference period 2017-18 through well
selected schedules.
Collection of Data
Sources and methods of data collection:

The data have been collected both through the secondary data as well as primary data.
Primary data:
The structure of questionnaire, observation, and interview schedule.
Secondary data:
The secondary data was collected from government publications, articles, books, online
journals, and other magazines etc.
Methods of data analysis statistical techniques;
Analysis of data
The data collected from the field is edited and analyzed carefully. Percentage and
statistical techniques are used to summarize the data are as follows:

 Bar graph
 Line graph
 Pie chart
 Percentage
Scheme of the study:

The present study is work consist of mainly five chapters which are follows,
Chapter 1
The first chapter including the introduction. It include basic theoretical background and
conceptual framework, contexts of the topic, need of the study, statement of the
problem, significance of the study, objectives of the study, hypothesis of the study,
scope of the study.
Chapter 2
In this second chapter give the profile of the study area. It includes location and size
with the map of the study area, history of the study area, physical aspects of study area,
population growth, density if population, sex ratio, age composition, literacy rate,
poverty and state magnitude of unemployment in this study area.
Chapter 3
 In this third chapter focus on the following points.
 Sources and methods of the primary and secondary data collection. Methods of
data analysis and statistical techniques, use for scheme of the study.
Chapter 4
In this chapter statistical methodology applied to our simple is discussed the chapter 4
gives the overview about the types of statistical idea we have implemented to analysis
and get information from the answer have received from our interviews.
Chapter 5
The fifth chapter presents the main factor of the conclude with the main findings and
suggestions of the study and policy implications and conclusion.
Limitations of the study area

There number of limitations in this study. Firstly the respondent were limited (60
respondents or sample) in the terms of the size composition. Secondly, the data
collection was restricted only within the hb halli taluk bellary district. While interviewing
the people, we have faced problems in explaining illiterate and living in areas therefore,

it was too difficult to make them understand some of the technical terms, like capital,
income, savings, consumption, etc.
As a researcher facing personal problems

 The researcher faced to the shortage of time.
 There was the respondent not giving to the clear information.
 There researcher was faced to the problem of computer lab.

CHAPTER: IV
DATA ANALYSIS
Table 1 EDUCATION ATTAINERS

EDUCATION NO. OF ATTAINERS % PERCENTAGE
CLASSIFICATION
PRIMARY 16 26.66%
HIGHER PRIMARY 08 13.33%
SECONDARY 16 26.66%
GRADUATION 03 5%
NO EDUCATION 17 28.33%
Regarding this table no 1 has shows education classification on growers. The

education growers are very rare. Primary Education attainers are 16, higher primary
education attainers are 08, secondary school attainers are 16, graduation attainers are
03, and no education attainers are 17.
The education facilities are not reaching to all. And education policies are assured to
village peoples.
Figure 1 EDUCATION ATTAINERS
EDUVATION WISE CLASSIFICATION

30
25
20
Axis Title
15
10
5
0
no
higher secondar graduatio
primary educatio
primary y n
n
education growers 16 8 16 3 17
education % 26.66 13.33 26.66 5 28.33

Table 2 CASTE WISE JASMINE GROWERS
CASTES GROWERS % PERCENTAGE

SC 02 3.33%
ST 31 51.61%
2A 16 26.66%
3B 11 18.33%
In above the table shows the data of caste. Regarding the caste wise distribution of respondents
during the period under study, it is clear from the above table that 02 jasmine growers
constituting are in 3.33% in SC category. 31 jasmine growers constituting is 51.61% from ST
category. 16 jasmine growers is 6.66% of 2A category. And the 11 respondents of jasmine
growers’ level are 18.33% of 3B category. Total all respondents 60 respondent income level
monthly 100%.
Figure 2 CASTE WISE JASMINE GROWERS
CASTE WISE CLASSIFICATION

60
50
40
Axis Title
30
20
10
0
sc st 2a 3b
caste growers 2 31 16 11
caste % 3.33 51.61 26.66 18.33

Table 3 AGE WISE JASMINE GROWERS
AGE GROWERS % PERCENTAGE

30-40 17 28.33%
40-50 19 31.66%
50-60 21 35%
60 ABOVE 03 5%
Regarding the Age wise distribution of respondents during the period under study, it is clear
from the above table that 17 growers are constituting Age level is 28.33% in 30-40 years. 19
growers Age level is 31.66% of 40-50 years. 21 growers Age level is 35% of 50-60 years. And
the 03 growers Age level is 5% of 60 above years. Total all respondents 60 respondent income
level monthly 100%.
In this table we know the labour force level is very high in 40-50 and 50-60 years. Because of
this Age is working age for doing any work on the field. So finally we knowing from this table is
working age is 40-60 years.
Figure 3 AGE WISE JASMINE GROWERS
AGEWISE CLASSIFICATION
40
35
30
25
Axis Title
20
15
10
5
0
30-40 40-50 50-60 60above
AGE growers 17 19 21 3
AGE % 28.33 31.66 35 5

Table 4 EXPANSES WISE JASMINE GROWERS
EXPANSES GROWERS % PERSENTAGE

3000rs 25 41.66%
5000rs 26 43.33%
10000rs 04 6.66%
10000rs ABOVE 05 8.33%
Regarding the expanse wise distribution of respondents during the period under study, it is clear
from the above table that 25 respondents in are monthly constituting expanse 41.66% only
3000rs. 26 respondents expanse level is monthly amounting is 43.33% of 5000rs. 04 respondent
expansee level is 6.66% of 10000rs. And the 05 respondents expanse level is 8.33% of 10000rs
above per monthly. Total all respondents 60 respondent income level monthly 100%.
Figure 4 EXPANSES WISE JASMINE GROWERS
EXPANSSES WISE VLASSIFICATION

50
45
40
35
Axis Title
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
10,000abov
Exponse 3000 5000 10,000
e
Expones 0 25 26 4 5
0 41.66 43.33 6.66 8.33

Table 5 INCOME WISE
INCOME GROWERS % PERCENTAGE

10000rs 45 75%
20000rs 10 16.66%
30000rs 01 1.66%
50000rs 04 6.66%
Reveals the income wise distribution of respondents during the period under study, it is clear
from the above table that 45 respondents in are monthly constituting income 75% only 10000rs.
10 respondents income level is monthly amounting is 16.66% of 20000rs. 01 respondent income
level is 1.66% of 30000rs. And the 04 respondents’ income level is 6.66% of 50000rs per
monthly. Total all respondents 60 respondent income level monthly 100%.
Figure 5 INCOME WISE
INCOME WISE CLASSIFICATION

80
70
60
50
Axis Title
40
30
20
10
0
Income 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000
INCOME 0 45 10 1 4
0 75 16.66 1.66 6.66

Table 6 LAND HOLDING FORMERS WISE
LAND GROWERS % PERCENTAGE

0-3 51 85%
3-6 04 6.66%
6-9 01 1.66%
15-20 04 6.66%
Source: Field work
Regarding the Labours wise distribution of respondents during the period under study, it is clear
from the above table that 35 respondents in are daily constituting needed 58.33% only 10labours.
19 respondents needed labours level is daily 43.33% of 20 labours. 01 respondent need labour
level is 1.66% of 30 labours. And the 05 respondents needed labours level is 8.33% of labours
per daily. Total all respondents 60 respondent income level monthly 100%.
Figure 6 LAND HOLDING FORMERS WISE
LAND HOLDING FORMERS

90
80
70
60
Axis Title
50
40
30
20
10
0
0-3 03-Jun 06-Sep 15-20
Land Holding formers
51 4 1 4
Formers
Land Holding formers % 85 6.66 1.66 6.66

Table 7 WAGE PAID WISE
WAGE GROWERS % PERCENTAGE

150rs 0 0
200rs 02 3.33%
250rs 30 50%
250 ABOVE 28 46.66%
Regarding the wage wise distribution of respondents during the period under study, it is clear
from the above table that 0 respondents in are daily constituting expanse 0% of 150rs. 02
respondents wage level is daily amounting is 3.33% of 200rs. 30 respondent wage level is 50%
of 250rs. And the 28 respondents wage level is 46.66% of 250rs above per dailly. Total all
respondents 60 respondent income level monthly 100%.
Figure 7 WAGE PAID WISE
WAGE WISE CLASSIFICATION

60
50
40
Axis Title
30
20
10
0
WAGE 150 200 251 250above
WAGE PAID 0 0 2 30 28
0 0 3.33 50 46.66

Table 8 TYPES OF JASMINE WISE
TYPES OF JASMINE GROWERS % PERCENTAGE

JASMINE 44 73%
SUJI 02 3.33%
DUNDU 14 23.33%
JAJI 00 00
Regarding the type wise distribution of respondents during the period under study, it is clear
from the above table that 44 respondents in are constituting growing 73% of jasmine. 02
respondents growing level is 3.33% of suji. 14 respondent groeing level is 23.33% of Dundu.
And the 00 respondents growing level is 0% of jaji. Total all respondents 60 respondent income
level monthly 100%.
Figure 8 TYPES OF JASMINE WISE
JASMINE TYPES WISE CLASSIFICATION

80
70
60
Axis Title
50
40
30
20
10
0
JASMINE SUJI DUNDU JAJI
TYPES OF JASMINE
44 2 14 0
GROWS
TYPES OF JASMINE % 73 3.33 23.33 0

Table 9 SOURCES OF WATER WISE
SOURCES GROWERS % PERCENTAGE

DRIPPING 07 11.66%
SPRINGING 00 00
BOREWELL 53 88.33%
OTHERS 00 00
Regarding the water wise classification of respondents during the period under study, it is clear
from the above table that 07 respondents in are constituting sources of water 41.66% of
dripping. 00 respondents’ source of water level is 0% of springing. 53 respondent sources of
water level is 88.33% of Bore wells. And the 00 respondents’ source of water level is 0% of
others. Total all respondents 60 respondent income level monthly 100%.
Figure 9 SOURCES OF WATER WISE
SOURCES OF WATER FOR JASMINE

GROWN
100
80
Axis Title
60
40
20
0
SPRINGIN BOREWEL
DRIPPING OTHERS
G L
SOURCES OF WATER:
7 0 53 0
GROWES
SOURCES OF WATER: % 11.66 0 88.33 0

Table 10 MAJOR PROFIT HOLDERS WISE
PROFIT HOLDERS NO. OF PROFITERS % PERCENTAGE

GROWERS 03 5%
MEDIATORS 54 90%
SELLERS 03 5%
CUSTOMERS 00 00
Regarding the profit wise distribution of respondents during the period under study, it is clear
from the above table that 03 respondents in are monthly constituting profit 5% only of growers.
54 respondents profit level is monthly amounting is 90% of mediators. 03 respondent profit level
is 5% of sellers. And the 00 respondents profit level is 0% of customers per monthly. Total all
Figure 10 MAJOR PROFIT HOLDERS WISE
MAJOR PROFIT HOLDERS

100
90
80
70
Axis Title
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
GROWER MEDIATO COSTOME
SELLES
S RS RS
MAJOR PROFIT HOLDERS:
3 54 3 0
NO.OF PRO
MAJOR PROFIT HOLDERS:
5 90 5 0
%

Table 11 CREDIT SOURCES BORROWERS
CREDIT SOURCES BORROWERS % PERCENTAGE

BANKS 03 5%
MEDIATORS 51 85%
NEIGHBOURS 02 3.33%
OTHERS 04 6.66%
Regarding the credit wise distribution of respondents during the period under study, it is clear
from the above table that 03 respondents in are monthly constituting credit 5% only from Banks.
51 respondents credit level is monthly amounting is 85% of from mediators. 02 respondent credit
level is 3.33% of from neighbors. And the 04 respondents credit level is 6.66% of from others
per monthly. Total all respondents 60 respondent income level monthly 100%.
Figure 11 CREDIT SOURCES BORROWERS
CREDI SOURCES
90
80
70
60
Axis Title
50
40
30
20
10
0
MEDIATO NEIGHBO
BANKS OTHERS
RS URS
CREDIT SOURES WORKERS 3 51 2 4
CREDIT SOURES % 5 85 3.33 6.66

Table 12 OTHER CROPS EXCEPT JASMINE WISE
CROPS GROWERS % PERCENTAGE

FOOD CROPS 25 41.66%
OIL CROPS 11 18.33%
PULSES 17 28.33%
SEREALS 07 11.66%
Regarding the crop wise distribution of respondents during the period under study, it is clear
from the above table that 25 respondents in are constituting grow 41.66% of food crops. 11
respondents growing level is 18.33% of oil crops. 17 respondent growing level is 28.33% of
pulses. And the 07 respondents growing level is 11.66% of cereals. Total all respondents 60
respondent income level monthly 100%.
Figure 12 OTHER CROPS EXCEPT JASMINE WISE
OTHER CROPS EXCEPT JASMINE

45
40
35
30
Axis Title
25
20
15
10
5
0
FOOD
OIL SEEDS PULES SEREALS
CROPS
OTHER CROPS EXEPT
25 11 17 7
JASMINE: GROWERS
OTHER CROPS EXEPT
41.66 18.33 28.33 11.66
JASMINE: %

Table 13 BENEFITS WISE TABLE 13
BENEFITS NO. OF BENEFITTERS % PERCENTAGE

WORKS 25 43.33%
INCOME GENERATED 18 30%
FLOWER AVAILABILITY 13 21.66%
OTHERS 03 05%
Regarding the Benefits wise distribution of respondents during the period under study, it is clear
from the above table that 25 respondents in are constituting benefits 41.66% only of works. 18
respondents benefitss level is 30% of income generating. 13 respondent benefits level is 21.66%
of flowers availability. And the 03 respondents benefits level is 5% of other benefits. Total all
Figure 13 BENEFITS WISE TABLE 13
Benefit wise
50
45
40
Axis Title
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
FLOWER
INCOME
WORKERS AVAILABILI OTHERS
GENERATE
TY
BENEFITS TO VILLAGES
FROM JASMINE
25 18 13 3
GROWING/GROWN
NO.OF BENEFITES
BENEFITS TO VILLAGES
FROM JASMINE 43.33 30 21.66 5
GROWING/GROWN %

Table 14 OTHER FLOWERS EXCEPT JASMINE WISE
VARIETY OF FLOWERS GROWERS % PERCENTAGE

DUNDU 11 18.33%
CHENDU 17 28.33%
KANAKAMBARA 24 40%
SEVANTHI 08 13.33%
Regarding the floricrops wise distribution of respondents during the period under study, it is
clear from the above table that 11 respondents in are constituting growing 18.33% Dundu. 17
respondents growing level is 28.33% of Chendu. 24 respondents growing level is 40% of
Kanakambara. And the 08 respondents growing level is 13.33% of sevanthi. Total all
Figure 14 OTHER FLOWERS EXCEPT JASMINE WISE
OTHER CROPS EXCPT JASMINE

45
40
35
30
Axis Title
25
20
15
10
5
0
KANAKAM
DUNDU CHENDU SEVANTHI
BARA
OTHER CROPS EXCPT
11 17 24 8
JASMINE GROWERS
OTHER CROPS EXCPT
18.33 28.33 40 13.3
JASMINE %

Table 15 PROBLEMS WISE
PROBLEMS NO. OF PROBLEMS % PERCENTAGE

MEDIATOR 17 28.33%
MARKET FACILITY 24 40%
PRICE OF COST 07 11.66%
TRANSPORT FACILITY 12 20%
60 100%
Regarding the problems wise distribution of respondents during the period under study, it is clear
from the above table that 17 respondents in are daily constituting problems 28.33% of mediators
problem. 24 respondents problem level is daily 43.33% of market facility. 07 respondent
problems level is 11.66% of price of cost problem. And the 12 respondents’ problem level is
20% of transport facility problem. Total all respondents 60 respondent income level monthly
100%.
Figure 15 PROBLEMS WISE
PROBLEMS WISE CLASSIFICATION

45
40
35
30
Axis Title
25
20
15
10
5
0
MARKET PRICE OF TRANSPORT
MEDIATOR
FASILITY COST FASILITY
PROBLEMS No.of
17 24 7 12
problems
PROBLEMS % 28.33 40 11.66 20

Table 16 SATISFACTION LEVEL WISE
LEVEL OF ATTAINERS OF % PERCENTAGE

SATISFACTION SATISFACTION
SATISFIED 36 60%
NOT SATISFIED 08 13.33%
HIGHER SATISFIED 16 26.66%
Regarding the satisfaction wise distribution of respondents during the period under study, it is
clear from the above table that 36 respondents in are daily constituting satisfaction 41.66% of
satisfied. 08 respondents satisfaction level is 13.33% of not satisfied. And the 16 respondents
satisfaction level is 26.66% of higher satisfied. Total all respondents 60 respondent income level
monthly 100%.
Figure 16 SATISFACTION LEVEL WISE
SATISFACTION LEVEL
40
35
30
Axis Title
25
20
15
10
5
0
NOT HIGHER
SATISFIED
SATISFIED SATISFIED
SATISFACATION LEVEL :-
JASMINE GROWN
36 8 16
ATTAINES OF
SATISFACATION
SATISFACATION LEVEL :-
60% 13.33% 26.66%
JASMINE GROWN %

Table 17 ASSISTANCE BORRROWERS WISE
ASSISTANCES BORROWERS % PERCENTAGE

NO BORROWERS 16 26.66%
SEEDS 22 36.66%
FERTILIZERS 18 30%
INSTRUMENTS 04 6%
Regarding the assistance wise distribution of respondents during the period under study, it is
clear from the above table that 16 respondents in are constituting borrow 26.66% of no
borrowers of any assistance from agriculture co-operatives. 22 respondents borrowing level is
36.66% of seeds. 18 respondents assistance level is 30% of fertilizers. And the 04 respondents’
assistance level is 6% of instruments. Total all respondents 60 respondent income level monthly
100%.
Figure 17 ASSISTANCE BORRROWERS WISE
ASSISTANCE FROM AGRICULTURE

CO_OPERATIVE DEPT
40
35
30
Axis Title
25 ASSISTANCE FROM
20
15 AGRICULTURE
10 CO_OPERATIVE DEPT
5
0 NO.OF BORROWES
ASSISTANCE FROM
AGRICULTURE
CO_OPERATIVE DEPT %
Axis Title

CHAPTER: V
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION
FINDINGS
1. The education level of the study area very poor in the context of graduation restricted to 5%
and also the level of primary education is 26.66%, higher primary education is 13.33%, and
secondary education is 26.66%.
2. Three flori crops are identified the Jasmine in the proportion of 73%, suji 3.3%, dundu
23.33% of jasmine classification in Hagaribommanahalli tq. This is shows that jasmine
flower production is higher than other flowers.
3. Mediators’ shares higher level of profit in the floriculture. That proportion reached to 90%
and remaining profit shared between sellers and growers 5% respectively.
4. There is no systematic market facility for jasmine growers.
5. There is no transport facility to export the cut flowers.
6. Lack of awareness about government policies for flori culture among the respondents.
7. There is no availability of labors /workers for jasmine production.
8. There is no supplementary price for jasmine.
9. Floriculture providing 43.33% of the employment
10. 75% of the respondents in the study area lie in incomes slab of 10000rs.

SUGGESTIONS
1. Government should be provided the systematic market facility for jasmine trade.
2. Government should be provided the transporting facility/ transport vehicle facility for
exporting the jasmine.
3. Government/ agriculture cooperatives should give guarantee to provide the fertilizers and
seeds for growers.
4. Government should be evolved the implications or policies for jasmine growers.
5. To control and stop the mediators role in the jasmine grown and trade.
6. Government should be fixed the supportive/expletive rate for jasmine.
7. To guide jasmine growers to produce multi crops.
8. Government should be concentrate on Hagaribommanahalli tq jasmine grower’s socio-

economic problems.
9. Government should be finding out Hagaribommanahalli taluk as highly jasmine grows. And
provide the better fertilizers and agricultural instruments for jasmine.
10. Agriculture co-operatives should be given the incentives, subsidies, loans and other facilities
for jasmine growers on study area.

CONCLUSION
The higher extent of the jasmine growers had not adopted or partially adopted measure
disease control, spacing, pest control, fertilizer doses, etc. Educational activities need to be
intensified to make the farmers to adopt these practices. Irrigation is very necessary for the
improvement of jasmine crop, Hence, the programs relating to providing loans and subsidies to
the farmers especially for the small and marginal growers to develop the source of irrigation
need to be strengthened.
The creation of basic infrastructural facilities like sustained supply of irrigation water, markets,
fertilizer availability, proper roads and transportation is an essential pre-requisite for creating
enabling conditions for fostering the process of agricultural development and crop diversification
as most of these parameters are found to influence the nature and extent of crop diversification.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Joshi, P.K., Gulati, A., Birthal, P.S. and Tewari, L. (2004) Agriculture diversification in
South Asia: Patterns, determinants and policy implications, Economic and Political Weekly.
 Joshi, P.K., Tewari, Laxmi and Birthal, P.S. (2006) Diversification and its impact on
smallholders: Evidence from a study on vegetable production, Agricultural Economics
Research Review.
 Kebebe, Ergano, Mehta, V. P. and Dixit, P.N. (2000) Diversification of agriculture in

Haryana: An empirical analysis, Agricultural Situation in India.
 Shiyani, R. L. and Pandya, H.R. (1998) Diversification of agriculture in Gujarat: A spatio-

temporal analysis, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics.
 Balasubramani, N. (1997). Knowledge and adoption behaviour of rubber growers in

Belthanady taluk of Dakshina Kannada district. M.Sc (Agri) Thesis, University of
Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore.
 Bindu Chandran (1997). A study on knowledge and adoption of topica cultivation in

Ernakulam district of Kerela state. M.Sc (Agri) Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences,
Dharwad.
 Chothe, G. D. and Borkar, M. M. (2000). Constraints faced by farmers in adoption of bio-

fertilizers.
 Kadam. K. R. and Borse. A. V. (1993). Adoption behviour of banana growers. Mah. J. Ext.
Edu., 12: 45-46.
 Bellary District at a Glance, 2009-2010. Bellary District and Karnataka State at a Glance.
Government of Karnataka.

ANNEXURE
SCHEDULE OF QUESTIONNAIRES:
1. Name of the respondent

2. Gender of respondent a) male b) female
3. Specify your age
a)18 years b) 25 years c) 35 years d) above 35 years
4. Religion
a) Hindu b) Muslim c) Christian d) others
5. Occupation
a) Agriculture b) non-agriculture
6. Caste
a) SC b) ST c) OBC d) OTHERS
7. Types of family
a) Nuclear family b) joint family
8. Residual status
a) Own b) hut C) house d) others
9. How many members are in your family?
A) Below3 b) 3-6 c) above 6
10. How many members are working in your family?
A) 01 b) 02 c) 03 d) more than three
11. Are you migrated?
A) Yes b) no
12. Do you have ration card?
A) Yes b) no
13. If yes means mentioned which types of ration card is there
a) APL b) BPL
14. Do you have health care facilities from government
a) Yes b) no
15. Is there any subsidies or incentives providing by government
a) Yes b) no
16. If yes means mentioned how much of
a) 10000rs b) 20000rs c) 50000rs d) above 50000rs
17. Do you have sufficient market facility?
A) Yes b) no

18. Do you have any financial assistance from government?

A) Yes b) no
19. Are you satisfied from your income?
A) Yes b) no
20. Types of income
a) Daily b) weekly c) monthly d) yearly
21. What is your monthly family expenditure?
A) 2000 b) 5000 c) 10000 d) above 10000
22. From how many years you are living in this place?
A) By birth b) 2 years c) 5years d) above 5 years
23. Is there cleanness surrounding of your house?
A) Yes b) no
24. Who were introduced this cultivation to you?
A) Relatives b) neighbors c) friends d) others
25. Are you having safety precaution for your cultivation?
A) Yes b) no
26. If there any systematic market facility for distribution of grown flowers?
Yes / No
27. The level of monthly expenses for Flory plants?

A) 3000rs B) 5000rs C) 10000rs D) 10000rs above
28. How many workers is need for daily work?

A) 10 B) 20 C) 50 D) 50above
29. What is your income through jasmine yield?

A) 10000rs B) 20000rs C) 30000rs D) 50000rs
30. The wage paid to workers per day?

A) 150rs B) 200rs C) 250rs D) 250rs above
31. The region distributed grown flowers?

A) East zone B) west zone C) north zone D) south zone
32. Which type of vehicle you used to transporting the flowers?

A) Bike B) Truck C) Bus D) Auto
33. The yielding period of jasmine grown?

A) 3months B) 6months C) 9months D) 12months

34. The different types of jasmine flowers?

A) Jasmine B)suji C)Dundu D)jaji
35. The sources of water?

A) Dripping B) Springing C) Bore well D) Others
36. Do you use pesticides in growing flowers?

Yes / No
37. Who are major profit holders through jasmine grown?
A) Growers B) Mediators C) Sellers oil D) Customers
38. Credit sources for jasmine growers?

A) Banks B) Mediators C) Neighbors D) Others
39. At the rate of interest you loan from bank and other sources?
A) 1% B) 3% C) 5% D) 5%above
40. Is your economic condition is improved?

Yes /NO
41. Do you get any assistance from agriculture cooperative department?

Yes /No
42. Do you grown any other crops except jasmine flowers?

A) Food crops B) Oil crops C) Pulses D) Cereals
43. Is there any difference in yield through climate conditions?

Yes / NO
44. Are there any benefits to villagers through jasmine grown?

Yes / No
45. In which reason demand for jasmine is more?

A)feb-apr B)apr-june C)june-sept D)sept-nove
46. Is there any role of intermediator in flori trade?

Yes / No

47. Is there any terms and conditions from some authorities?

Yes /NO
48. Do you grown any other flori crops except jasmine?

Yes/No
49. Are you able to sell your flori crops directly?

Yes / No

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A STUDY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF JASMINE GROWERS, A CASE

STUDY ON HAGARIBOMMANA HALLI TALUK

VIJAYANAGARA COLLEGE, HOSPET Page 1

VIJAYANAGARA COLLEGE, HOSPET Page 2

2. Naga gouda and narayana gouda1990

5. Ashok dhillion 2003

5. Sharma and Sharma 1958

VIJAYANAGARA COLLEGE, HOSPET Page 3

6. Gupta and Sharma 1972

7. George and Geethamma 1983

8. Karmakar and srivastava 1986

11. Pal B.P 1991

13. Sing D.K. 1998-99

VIJAYANAGARA COLLEGE, HOSPET Page 4

selected based on their importence in utterpredesh flowes taking in to account as a critesia of

14. T.k Bose 1999’

15. Jithender singh 2002

17. Gajanna and m.sudha 2003

18. Sharma 2000

19. Mahale 2012

VIJAYANAGARA COLLEGE, HOSPET Page 5

20. Ramkumer ajit 2003

NEED FOR THE STUDY -

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:-

This types of conditions lead to under development o country.

VIJAYANAGARA COLLEGE, HOSPET Page 6

1. The jasmine growers socio-economic conditions has not good

SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

VIJAYANAGARA COLLEGE, HOSPET Page 7

Study area (for collection of primary data)

VIJAYANAGARA COLLEGE, HOSPET Page 8

optimism, confidence and euphoria, and is helpful against depression, nervous

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND CONCEPTUAL

VIJAYANAGARA COLLEGE, HOSPET Page 9

Area under the cultivation of jasmine in India

In India, Jasmines are cultivated throughout the

Area under cultivation of jasmine in Karnataka

Jasmine sambac are cultivate in Bangalore, Mysore. It is

VIJAYANAGARA COLLEGE, HOSPET Page 10

hagaribommanahalli, Hoovina Hadagali and the jasmine

VIJAYANAGARA COLLEGE, HOSPET Page 11

PROFILE OF STUDY AREA

Hagaribommanahalli is a village panchayat located in the Bellary district of Karnataka

VIJAYANAGARA COLLEGE, HOSPET Page 12

HISTORY OF THE STUDY AREA:-

VIJAYANAGARA COLLEGE, HOSPET Page 14

Schools and colleges

Agriculture and non-agriculture aspects

Local Administrative setup

Soil agriculture land use patterns and irrigation

VIJAYANAGARA COLLEGE, HOSPET Page 15

Infrastructures and social overheads

VIJAYANAGARA COLLEGE, HOSPET Page 16

Amenities in the study area

Sources and methods of data collection:

The structure of questionnaire, observation, and interview schedule.

Methods of data analysis statistical techniques;

VIJAYANAGARA COLLEGE, HOSPET Page 17

Scheme of the study:

Limitations of the study area

VIJAYANAGARA COLLEGE, HOSPET Page 18

As a researcher facing personal problems