Useful for all Agricultural, Medical, Pharmacy and Engineering Entrance Examinations
held across
  India.

STD. XI Sci.
Triumph Physics
Based on Maharashtra Board Syllabus

  Salient Features
 
• Exhaustive subtopic wise coverage of MCQs
• Important formulae provided in each chapter
 
• Hints included for relevant questions
 
• Various competitive exam questions updated till the latest year
  • Includes solved MCQs from JEE (Main), AIPMT, NEET P-I, K CET 2015 and

  2016
• Includes solved MCQs uptill MH CET 2014
 
• Evaluation test provided at the end of each chapter
 

  Solutions/hints to Evaluation Test available in downloadable PDF format at

  www.targetpublications.org/tp10142  

  Printed at: Jasmine Art Printers Pvt. Ltd., Navi Mumbai

 
©   Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, C.D. ROM/Audio Video Cassettes or electronic, mechanical
including photocopying; recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher.
 
P.O. No. 28098

  10142_10921_JUP
 Preface
“Std. XI: Sci. Triumph Physics” is a complete and thorough guide to prepare students for a competitive
level examination. The book will not only assist students with MCQs of Std. XI but will also help them to prepare
for JEE, AIPMT, CET and various other competitive examinations.
The content of this book is based on the Maharashtra State Board Syllabus. Formulae that form a vital
part of MCQ solving are provided in each chapter. Notes provide important information about the topic.
Shortcuts provide easy and less tedious solving methods. Mindbenders have been introduced to bridge the gap
between a text book topic and the student’s understanding of the same. A quick reference to the notes, shortcuts
and mindbenders has been provided wherever possible.
MCQs in each chapter are divided into three sections:
Classical Thinking: consists of straight forward questions including knowledge based questions.
Critical Thinking: consists of questions that require some understanding of the concept.
Competitive Thinking: consists of questions from various competitive examinations like JEE, AIPMT,
MH CET, K CET, CPMT, GUJ CET, AP EAMCET (Engineering, Medical), TS EAMCET (Engineering,
Medical), Assam CEE, BCECE etc.
Hints have been provided to the MCQs which are broken down to the simplest form possible.
An Evaluation Test has been provided at the end of each chapter to assess the level of preparation of the
student on a competitive level.
An additional feature of pictorial representation of a topic is added to give the student a glimpse of
various interesting physics concept.
The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think
we’ve nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, we’d love to hear from you.
Please write to us on : mail@targetpublications.org

Best of luck to all the aspirants!

Yours faithfully
Authors

Sr. No. Topic Name Page No.

1 Measurements 1
2 Scalars and Vectors 31
3 Projectile Motion 62
4 Force 106
5 Friction in Solids and Liquids 152
6 Sound Waves 193
7 Thermal Expansion 216
8 Refraction of Light 255
9 Ray Optics 298
10 Electrostatics 331
11 Current Electricity 378
12 Magnetic Effect of Electric Current 417
13 Magnetism 447
14 Electromagnetic Waves 468
 Chapter 01: Measurements

01 Measurements

Subtopics
Measuring the radius of the Earth
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Need for measurements
1.2 Units of measurements
1.3 System of units
1.4 S.I Units
1.5 Fundamental and derived units
1.6 Dimensional analysis
1.7 Order of magnitude and
significant figures Eratosthenes was first to measure the radius of the
Earth using the difference in angle of shadows cast
at the same time in two different cities Syene (now
1.8 Accuracy and errors in Aswan) and Alexandria. Using simple geometry, he
determined the degrees of arc between them to be 7°.
measurements

1
Std. XI : Triumph Physics

Formulae Notes

1. Measure of physical quantity (M): 1. Units are classified mainly into two groups.
Numerical value  size of unit. i.e., M = nu i. Fundamental units: These are
2. For definite amount of physical quantity: independent of other units. The seven
1 fundamental quantities and their units
n
u are given below.
1
i.e., magnitude of physical quantity  Fundamental Quantity S.I Unit
units
Length metre (m)
3. Conversion factor of a unit in two system of
units: Mass kilogram (kg)
a
L  M  T 
b c
Time second (s)
n=  1  1  1 Temperature kelvin (K)
 L 2   M 2   T2 
Electric current ampere (A)
4. Average value or mean value:
a + a 2 + a 3 + .... + a n 1 n Luminous intensity candela (cd)
am = 1 =  ai
n n i 1 Amount of substance mole (mol)
5. If x = x1  x2, then maximum error in x: Supplementary Quantity S.I. Unit
x = x1 + x2
Plane angle radian (rad)
6. If x = x1m  xn2 , then error in measurement: Solid angle steradian (sr)
x mx1 nΔx 2
= + ii. Derived units: These units depend upon
x x1 x2
the fundamental units to give units of a
7. Absolute error: physical quantity.
Average value  Measured value
Distance
| an | = | am  an | For example: speed =
Time
8. Mean absolute error:
n Thus its unit is m/s. It means that unit of
Δa1 + Δa 2 + ... + Δa n 1
| am | =
n
=
n
 a i speed depends upon the fundamental
i 1 unit of length and time.
9. Relative (fractional) error:
a m 2. The parallax method is used
i. to measure separation between two
am
sources (i.e., two planets), if distance (b)
10. Percentage error: between them is very large.
a m O
Relative error  100 =  100 %
am
Some practical units in term of S.I. unit 

Practical units Abbreviation S.I. unit

s s
1 Angstrom Å 1010 m
1 Micron m/ 106 m
1 Nanometer nm 109 m
1 Light year ly 9.46  1015 m L R
b
1 Astronomical unit AU 1.496  1011 m
Basis b
1 Atomic mass unit a.m.u./u 1.66  1027 kg s= =
1 Torr T 1 mm of Hg Parallactic angle θ

2
 Chapter 01: Measurements
ii. to find the size of an astronomical object. iv. If the error in measurement of ‘a’ is a
D and the error in measurement of ‘b’ is
A B a
b then the percentage error in, is
b
 a b 
    100
 s  a b 

Mindbenders
O
EARTH
Linear diameter = distance 1. The dimensions of a physical quantity are
 angular diameter independent of the system of units.
D =s 2. A physical quantity that does not have any
3. To determine dimensions of a physical unit is always dimensionless.
quantity, the unit of fundamental quantities 3. Angle is a special physical quantity which is a
are represented by ‘L’ for length, ‘M’ for ratio of two similar physical quantities i.e.,
mass, ‘T’ for time, ‘K’ for temperature, ‘I’ or
arc/radius and requires a unit.
‘A’ for current, ‘C’ for luminous intensity and
‘mol’ for amount of substance. 4. In the formula,
4. Percentage error in different cases: [Mx Ly Tz]; if x = y = z = 0, then the quantity is
i. If the error in ‘a’ is a, then the a dimensionless quantity.
a
percentage error in a =  100 Examples of dimensionless quantities: Strain,
a specific gravity, relative density, angle, solid
ii. If the error in ‘a’ is a, then the angle, poisson’s ratio, relative permittivity,
 a  Reynold’s number, all the trigonometric
percentage error in an =  n  
 a  ratios, refractive index, dielectric constant,
100 magnetic susceptibility etc.
iii. If the error in measurement of a is a
and the error in measurement of ‘b’ is A dimensionless quantity has the same numeric
b then, the percentage error in ‘ab’ is value in all the system of units.
 a b 
    100
 a b 

 Dimensions, units, formulae of some quantities:

Quantity Formula Unit Dimension

Distance
Speed m s1 [M0L1T1]
Time
Changein velocity
Acceleration m s2 [M0L1T2]
Time
Force Mass  Acceleration N (newton) [M1L1T2]
Force
Pressure N m2 [M1L1T2]
Area
Mass
Density kg m3 [M1L3T0]
Volume
Work Force  distance joule [M1L1T2] [L1]= [M1L2T2]

3
Std. XI : Triumph Physics

Energy Force  distance joule [M1L1T2] [L1]= [M1L2T2]

Work
Power watt [M1L2T3]
Time
Momentum Mass  Velocity kg m s1 [M1L1T1]
Impulse Force  Time Ns [M1L1T1]
  
Torque   rF Nm [M1L1T2] [L]= [M1L2T2]
Temperature (T) -- kelvin [M0L0T01]
Heat (Q) Energy joule [M1L2T2]
Q
Specific heat (c) joule/kg K [M0L2T–2–1]
m
Thermal capacity -- joule/K [M1L2T–2–1]
heat ()
Latent heat (L) joule/kg [M0L2T–2]
mass (m)
PV
Gas constant (R) joule/mol K [M1L2T–2–1]
T
R
Boltzmann constant , N = Avogadro
N joule/K [M1L2T–2–1]
(k)
number
From
Q  T 
Coefficient of thermal t  KA  x 
  joule/m s K [M1L1T–3–1]
conductivity (K)
Q  x  1
K  
t  T  A
E
Stefan's constant () = watt/m2 K4 [M1L0T–3 –4]
T4
Wien's constant (b) b = Nm  T mK [M0L1T01]
Energy (E)
Planck's constant (h) joule s [M1L2T–1]
Frequency (F)
Coefficient of linear
-- kelvin–1 [M0L0T0–1]
Expansion ()
Mechanical
-- joule/calorie [M0L0T0]
equivalent of Heat(J)
Electric charge (q) Current  Time coulomb [M0L0T1A1]
Surface charge charge
= coulomb metre2 [M0L–2T1A1]
density() area
Electric current (I) -- ampere [M0L0T0A1]
Current density (J) Current per unit area ampere/m2 [M0L–2T0A1]
Work
Electric potential (V) joule/ coulomb [M1L2T–3A–1]
Charge

Intensity of electric Force

volt/metre, newton/coulomb [M1L1T–3A–1]
field (E) Charge

4
 Chapter 01: Measurements

P.D.
Resistance (R) volt/ampere or ohm [M1L2T–3 A–2]
Current
1
Conductance ohm1 [M–1L–2T3A2]
R
Resistivity or
Ra
Specific resistance ohm metre [M1L3T–3 A–2]
l
()
1
Conductivity () ohm1metre1 [M–1L–3T3A2]

Electric dipole
q(2a) coulomb metre [M0L1T1A1]
moment (p)
Permittivity of free q1 q 2 coulomb 2
0  [M–1L–3T4A2]
space (0) 4Fr 2 newton metre 2
Dielectric constant 
K= Unitless [M0L0T0]
(K) 0
Charge
Capacitance (C) coulomb/ volt or farad [M–1L–2T4A2]
P.D.
volt  second
Coefficient of self (w / q)dt or henry or
L= ampere [M1L2T–2 A–2]
induction (L) dI
ohm-second
Coefficient of mutual ed t
henry [M1L2T2A2]
inductance (M) dI
wdt
Magnetic flux () d = volt-second or weber [M1L2T–2 A–1]
q
newton
or
ampere metre
joule
Magnetic induction B=
F or
ampere metre 2 [M1L0T–2 A–1]
(B) qv
volt second
or
metre 2
tesla
Idl
Magnetic intensity (H) H = ampere/ metre [M0L–1T0 A1]
r2
Magnetic dipole
M = IA ampere metre2 [M0L2T0A1]
moment (M)
newton joule
2
or
ampere ampere 2 metre
Permeability of free 4r Fr 2 volt second
0 = or or [M1L1T–2 A–2]
space (0) m1m 2 ampere metre
ohmsecond henry
or
metre metre
22 mk 2 e 4
Rydberg constant (R) m1 [M0L–1T0]
ch 3

5
Std. XI : Triumph Physics
 Quantities having same dimensions:

Dimension Quantity
0 0 –1 Frequency, angular frequency, angular velocity, velocity gradient and decay
[M L T ]
constant
[M1L2T–2] Work, internal energy, potential energy, kinetic energy, torque, moment of force
Pressure, stress, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity, energy
[M1L–1T–2]
density
[M1L1T–1] Momentum, impulse
[M0L1T–2] Acceleration due to gravity, gravitational field intensity
[M1L1T–2] Thrust, force, weight, energy gradient
[M1L2T–1] Angular momentum and Planck’s constant
[M1L0T–2] Surface tension, Surface energy (energy per unit area), spring constant
Strain, refractive index, relative density, angle, solid angle, distance gradient,
[M0L0T0]
relative permittivity (dielectric constant), relative permeability etc.
[M0L2T–2] Latent heat and gravitational potential
[ML2T–2–1] Thermal capacity, gas constant, Boltzmann constant and entropy
l / g , m / k , R / g , where l = length
[M0L0T1] g = acceleration due to gravity, m = mass, k = spring constant,
R = Radius of earth
[M0L0T1] L/R, LC , RC where L = inductance, R = resistance, C = capacitance
V2 q2
I2Rt, t, VIt, qV, LI2, , CV2
[ML2T–2] R C
where I = current, t = time, q = charge, L = inductance, C = capacitance,
R = resistance
 A few quick conversions:  To express large or small magnitudes
i. Pressure: following prefixes are used:
1 N/m2 = 10 dyne/ cm2 or
Power of 10 Prefix Symbol
1 dyne/cm2 = 0.1 N/m2. 18
10 exa E
ii. Density: 15
10 peta P
1 kg/m3 = 103 g/cm3 or 12
1 g/cm3 = 103 kg/m3. 10 tera T
9
10 giga G
iii. Coefficient of viscosity: 6
SI units is decapoise (N s/m2) and CGS 10 mega M
3
unit is poise. 10 kilo k
1 poise = 101 decapoise or 10 2
hecta h
1 decapoise = 10 poise. 10 deca da
iv. Magnetic induction: 101 deci d
S I unit is tesla (Wb/m2) and CGS unit is 2
10 centi c
Gauss.
3
1 gauss = 104 tesla or 10 milli m
1 tesla = 104 gauss. 106 micro 
9
v. Magnetic flux: 10 nano n
SI unit is weber and CGS unit is 10 12
pico p
maxwell.
1 Wb = 108 maxwell or 1015 femto f
18
1 maxwell = 108 Wb. 10 atto a

6
 Chapter 01: Measurements
1.4 S.I Units
Classical Thinking
10. S.I system of unit contains _______
1.0 Introduction supplementary unit.
(A) 7 (B) 2
1. The atomic, molecular and nuclear phenomena (C) many (D) 4
are the parts of ______ domain.
(A) macroscopic (B) microscopic 11. In which of following system, scientific data
(C) megascopic (D) electroscopic can be exchanged between different parts of
the world?
2. Nano size of gold has _______ colour. (A) M.K.S. (B) C.G.S.
(A) yellow (B) red (C) F.P.S. (D) S.I.
(C) pink (D) orange
1.5 Fundamental and derived units
3. Maxwell’s equations relate to _______.
(A) law of gravitation 12. Out of the following units, which is NOT a
(B) basic laws of electromagnetism fundamental unit?
(C) laws of electrostatics (A) newton (B) second
(D) nuclear model of an atom (C) pound (D) kg
1.1 Need for measurements 13. Temperature can be expressed as a derived
quantity in terms of
4. _______ is needed for the experimental (A) length and mass
verification of various theories. (B) mass and time
(A) Unit (B) Symbol (C) length, mass and time
(C) Instrument (D) Measurement (D) none of these
1.2 Units of measurements 14. Which of the following is NOT a derived unit?
5. The reference standard used for the (A) joule (B) erg
measurement of a physical quantity is called (C) dyne (D) mole
_______. 15. Which of the following is the CORRECT way
(A) standard quantity (B) dimension of writing units?
(C) constant (D) unit (A) 25 ms length (B) 30 Kg
6. Which of the following is NOT a (C) 5 Newton (D) 10 N
characteristic of a good unit?
16. To measure the distance of a planet from the
(A) It is invariable.
earth ______ method is used.
(B) It is reproducible.
(A) echo (B) direct
(C) It is perishable.
(C) parallax (D) paradox
(D) It is easily available.
17. The mass of the body depends only on
1.3 System of units
(A) temperature.
7. Units are classified into ______ groups. (B) pressure.
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) quantity of matter contained in the body.
(C) 5 (D) 6 (D) location of the body from the observer.
8. A set of fundamental and derived units is 18. Which of the following represents a unified
known as _______. atomic mass unit (1u)?
(A) supplementary units (A) 8.333  101 of the mass of an atom of
(B) system of units 12
C in kg
(C) complementary units (B) 0.8333  101 of the mass of an atom of
(D) metric units 12
C in g
9. The physical quantity having the same unit in (C) 8.333  101 of the mass of an atom of
12
all the systems of unit is _______. C in g
(A) length (B) time (D) 0.8333  101 of the mass of an atom of
12
(C) mass (D) foot C in kg
7
Std. XI : Triumph Physics
19. In cesium atomic clock ______ is used. 30. Which of the following is NOT a
(A) cesium-122 atom (B) cesium-132 atom dimensionless quantity?
(C) cesium-133 atom (D) cesium-134 atom (A) angle (B) strain
20. A ______ is the interval from one noon to the (C) specific gravity (D) density
next noon. 31. The unit of plane angle is radian, hence its
(A) mean solar day (B) solar day dimensions are
(C) lunar day (D) day (A) [M0L0T0] (B) [M1L1T0]
0 1 1
21. Light year is a unit for the measurement of (C) [M L T ] (D) [M1L0T1]
_______.
(A) distance (B) time 32. Dimensional equation CANNOT be used
(C) temperature (D) luminous intensity (A) to check the correctness of a physical
quantity.
22. Which of the following quantity is expressed (B) to derive the relation between different
as force per unit area? physical quantities.
(A) work (B) pressure (C) to find out constant of proportionality
(C) volume (D) density which may be pure number.
23. The physical quantity having the unit dyne g1 (D) to change from one system of units to
is _______. another system.
(A) velocity (B) mass
33. If the dimensional formula for the physical
(C) force (D) acceleration
quantity is [M1L2T2] then the physical
24. The SI unit of luminous intensity is _______. quantity is _______.
(A) watt (B) lux (A) torque
(C) lumen (D) candela (B) impulse
25. Which of the following is a supplementary unit? (C) force
(A) steradian (B) candela (D) force per unit area
(C) kelvin (D) pascal 34. If the dimensions of a physical quantity are
26. 3 2
The pressure of 10 dyne/cm is equivalent to given by [LaMbTc], then the physical quantity
(A) 10 N/m2 (B) 102 N/m2 will be
2
(C) 10 N/m 2
(D) 101 N/m2 (A) force, if a = 1, b = 0, c = 2
1.6 Dimensional analysis (B) pressure, if a = 1, b = 1, c = 2
(C) velocity, if a = 1, b = 0, c = 1
27. [M1L1T2] is the dimensional formula for (D) acceleration, if a = 1, b = 1, c = 2
_______.
(A) joule constant 1.7 Order of magnitude and significant
(B) gravitational constant figures
(C) pressure 35. The value of the magnitude rounded off to the
(D) force nearest integral power of 10 is called _______.
28. Checking the correctness of physical (A) significant figure
equations using the method of dimensions is (B) uncertain number
based on (C) significant number
(A) equality of inertial frame of reference. (D) order of magnitude
(B) the type of system of units.
(C) the method of measurement. 36. Order of magnitude of (106 + 103) is
(D) principle of homogeneity of dimensions. (A) 1018 (B) 109
6
(C) 10 (D) 103
29. A unitless quantity
(A) always has a non-zero dimension. 37. The length of a rod is 0.5  102 m, the order of
(B) may have a non-zero dimension. magnitude of the length of the rod is
(C) never has a zero dimension. (A) 103 m (B) 102 m
(D) has no dimensions. (C) 101 m (D) 101 m
8
 Chapter 01: Measurements
38. The charge on the electron is 1.6  1019 C. 49. Error due to non-removal of parallax between
The order of magnitude is pointer and its image in case of magnetic
(A) 1019 C (B) 1018 C compass needle causes _______.
(C) 1018 C (D) 1019 C (A) instrumental error
(B) persistant error
39. Significant figures depends upon the ______ (C) personal error
of the measuring instrument.
(D) random error
(A) length (B) readings
(C) number (D) accuracy 50. Instrumental error can be minimised by
(A) taking large number of readings.
40. The number of significant figures in 0.0009 is (B) using different accurate instrument for
(A) 4 (B) 3 the same reading.
(C) 2 (D) 1 (C) adjusting zero of the instrument.
41. The number of significant figures in 0.400 is (D) maintaining the temperature of the
(A) 1 (B) 2 surrounding.
(C) 3 (D) 4 51. The magnitude of the difference between
42. The number of significant figures in 0.0500 is mean value and each individual value is called
(A) 4 (B) 3 _______.
(C) 2 (D) 1 (A) absolute error
(B) error in reading
43. State the number of significant figures in (C) most probable error
6.032 J (D) true error
(A) 4 (B) 3
(C) 2 (D) 1 52. The formula for percentage error is
a m
1.8 Accuracy and errors in measurements (A) Percentage error =  100%
am
44. The difference between the true value and 1 n
measured value is called _______. (B) Percentage error =  a i  100%
n i1
(A) mistake (B) error
(C) significant figures (D) fault a
(C) Percentage error = m  100%
45. If the pointer of the voltmeter is not exactly at a m
the zero of the scale then the error is called (D) Percentage error = 1  ai  100%
n

_______. n i1
(A) instrumental error (B) systematic error
a
(C) personal error (D) random error 53. If x = , then maximum relative error in the
b
46. Zero error of an instrument introduces measurement is
(A) systematic error a / a a b
(B) random error (A) (B) 
b / b a b
(C) instrumental error
a b b / b
(D) none of these (C)  (D)
a b a / a
47. Accidental error can be minimised by
(A) taking only one reading. 54. Given: l1 = 44.2  0.1 and l2 = 23.1  0.1, the
(B) taking small magnitude of the quantity. uncertainty in l1 + l2 is
(C) selecting instrument with greater least count. (A) 0 (B) 0.1
(D) selecting instrument with small least count. (C) 0.2 (D) 0.4

48. Constant error can be caused due to 55. Two resistances R1 = 50  2 ohm and
(A) faulty construction of instrument. R2 = 60  3 ohm are connected in series, the
(B) wrong setting of instrument. equivalent resistance of the series combination
(C) lack of concentration of observer. is
(D) wrong procedure of handling the (A) (110  4) ohm (B) (110  2) ohm
instrument. (C) (110  5) ohm (D) (110  6) ohm
9
Std. XI : Triumph Physics
56. If x = an then relative error is (where n is
Critical Thinking
power of a)
a a 1.2 Units of measurements
(A) +n (B) n
a a
a a 1. If u1 and u2 are the units selected in two
(C) n (D) systems of measurement and n1 and n2 are
a na
their numerical values, then
57. Thickness of the paper measured by (A) n1u1 = n2u2 (B) n1u1 + n2u2 = 0
micrometer screw gauge of least count (C) n1n2 = u1u2 (D) (n1+ u1) = (n2 + u2)
0.01 mm is 1.03 mm, the percentage error in
the measurement of thickness of paper is 1.3 System of units
(A) 1.1% (B) 1% 2. Which of the following system of units is not
(C) 0.97% (D) 0.8% based on units of mass, length and time alone?
Miscellaneous (A) S.I. (B) M.K.S
(C) F.P.S (D) C.G.S
58. One micron is related to centimetre as
(A) 1 micron = 108 cm 1.5 Fundamental and derived units
(B) 1 micron = 106 cm 3. The physical quantity denoted by
(C) 1 micron = 105 cm
mass  pressure
(D) 1 micron = 104 cm is _______.
density
Electronic analytical balance (A) force (B) momentum
(C) angular momentum (D) work

4. Universal time is based on

(A) rotation of the earth on its axis.
(B) Earth’s orbital motion around the Sun.
(C) vibrations of cesium atom.
(D) oscillations of quartz crystal.

5. 1 a.m.u. is equivalent to
(A) 1.6  1027 kg (B) 934 MeV
24
(C) 1.6  10 g (D) All of the above
6. The S.I. unit of momentum is
kg kg m
(A) (B)
m s
kg m 2
(C) (D) kg  newton
s

7. Curie is a unit of
(A) energy of -rays
An analytical balance is a balance designed to (B) half life
measure small mass in the sub-milligram range. The
measuring pan (0.1 mg) is inside a transparent (C) radioactivity
enclosure with doors so that dust does not collect (D) intensity of -rays
and air currents in the room do not affect the
balance's operation. 8. S = A(1  eBxt), where S is speed and x is
Electronic analytical scale measures the force displacement. The unit of B is
needed to counter the mass being measured rather
than using actual masses.
(A) m1s1 (B) m2s
(C) s2 (D) s1
10
 Chapter 01: Measurements
9. To determine the Young’s modulus of a wire, 17. If the magnitude of length is halved and that
F L of mass is doubled then dimension of force is
the formula is Y = ´ ; where L = length,
A DL (A) [M2L2T2] (B) [M2L1/2T2]
A = area of cross-section of the wire, L = (C) [M2L1/2T2] (D) [M1L1T2]
change in length of the wire when stretched 18. Out of the following pairs, which one does
with a force F. The conversion factor to NOT have identical dimensions?
change it from CGS to MKS system is (A) Energy and moment of force
(A) 1 (B) 10 (B) Work and torque
(C) 0.1 (D) 0.01 (C) Density and surface energy
10. The moon subtends an angle of 57 minute at (D) Pressure and stress
the base-line equal to the radius of the earth. 19. Which of the following equations is
What is the distance of the moon from the dimensionally correct?
earth? [Radius of the earth = 6.4  106 m] (A) pressure = Energy per unit volume
(A) 11.22  108 m (B) 3.86  108 m (B) pressure = Energy per unit area
3
(C) 3.68  10 cm (D) 3.68  108 cm (C) pressure = Momentum  volume  time
(D) pressure = Force  area
11. The angular diameter of the sun is 1920. If
the distance of the sun from the earth is 20. The dimensional formula for impulse is the
1.5  1011 m, then the linear diameter of the same as dimensional formula for _______.
sun is (A) acceleration
(A) 2.6  109 m (B) 0.7  109 m (B) force
(C) momentum
(C) 5.2  109 m (D) 1.4  109 m
(D) rate of change in momentum
1.6 Dimensional analysis
1
21. The dimensions of is that of
12. The fundamental physical quantities that have 00
same dimensions in the dimensional formulae
(A) Velocity (B) Time
of torque and angular momentum are
(C) Capacitance (D) Distance
(A) mass, time (B) time, length
(C) mass, length (D) time, mole 22. Which of the following pair has same
dimensions?
13. Which of the following represents correct (A) Current density and charge density
dimensions of the coefficient of viscosity? (B) Angular momentum and momentum
(A) [M1L1T2] (B) [M1L1T1] (C) Spring constant and surface energy
1 1 1
(C) [M L T ] (D) [M1L2T2] (D) Force and torque
14. The dimensional equation for the electrical 23. The terminal velocity v of a small steel ball of
resistance of a conductor is radius r falling under gravity through a
(A) [M1L2T2I1] (B) [M1L2T2I1] column of viscous liquid coefficient of
1 1 3 2
(C) [M L T I ] (D) [M1L2T3I2] viscosity  depends on mass of the ball m,
acceleration due to gravity g. Which of the
15. Dimensions of length in electric dipole following relation is dimensionally correct?
moment, electric flux and electric field are mgr
respectively (A) v  (B) v  mgr
(A) L, L2, L3 (B) L3, L2, L 
1 3
(C) L , L , L 3
(D) L, L3, L mg mg
(C) v  (D) v 
r r
16. If L denotes the inductance of an inductor
through which a current i is flowing, the 24. A force F is given by F = at + bt2, where ‘t’ is
dimensions of Li2 are time. What are the dimensions of a and b?
(A) [L2M1T2] (A) [M1L1T1] and [M1L1T0]
(B) Not expressible in LMT (B) [M1L1T3] and [M1L1T4]
(C) [L1M1T2] (C) [M1L1T4] and [M1L1T1]
(D) [L2M2T2] (D) [M1L3T1] and [M1L1T4]
11
Std. XI : Triumph Physics
25. The force F is expressed in terms of distance x and 32. If the speed of light (c), acceleration due to
time t as F = a x + bt2. The dimensions of a/b is gravity (g) and pressure (p) are taken as the
(A) [M0L0T2] (B) [M0L1/2T2] fundamental quantities, then the dimension of
(C) [M0L1/2T2] (D) [M0L1/2T2] gravitational constant is
(A) [c2g0p2] (B) [c0g2p1]
26. For the equation F  Aa vb dc, where F is the 3 2
(C) [cg p ] (D) [c1g0p1]
force, A is the area, v is the velocity and d is the
density, the values of a, b and c are respectively 33. The value of acceleration due to gravity is
(A) 1, 2, 1 (B) 2, 1, 1 980 cm s2. If the unit of length is kilometre
(C) 1, 1, 2 (D) 0, 1, 1 and that of time is minute then value of
27. Using the principle of homogeneity of acceleration due to gravity is
dimensions, find which of the following relation (A) 980 km min2 (B) 98 km min2
is correct? [T is the time period, a is the radius of (C) 35.28 km min2 (D) 28.35 km min2
the orbit and M is the mass of the sun.] 1.7 Order of magnitude and significant
42 a 3 42 a 3 figures
(A) T2 = (B) T2 =
G GM
4 2 a 3 34. The magnitude of any physical quantity can be
(C) T2 = 42a3 (D) T2 = expressed as A  10n where n is a number
GM 2
called order of magnitude and A is
28. The period of a body under SHM is (A) 0.1  A < 1 (B) 0.5  A < 5
represented by T = PaDbSc ; where P is (C) 5  A < 9 (D) 1  A > 9
pressure, D is density and S is surface tension.
The value of a, b and c are 35. The radius of the earth is 6400 km, the order
3 1 of magnitude is
(A)  , , 1 (B) 1, 2, 3 (A) 107 m (B) 104 m
2 2 3
(C) 10 m (D) 102 m
1 3 1 1
(C) ,   (D) 1, 2, 36. The order of magnitude of 49 and the order of
2 2 2 3
magnitude of 51
29. The equation of a wave is given by (A) is same. (B) differs by 1.
æx ö (C) is 1. (D) is 2.
Y = A sin  çç - k ÷÷÷
çè v ø
37. Calculate the number of seconds in a day and
where  is the angular velocity and v is the express it in the order of magnitude.
linear velocity. The dimension of k is (A) 8.64 104 s, 105 s (B) 6.84 104 s, 104 s
(A) LT (B) T
(C) 8.64 105 s, 105 s (D) 6.85 104 s, 105 s
(C) T1 (D) T2
38. Figure which is of some significance but it
30. Find the dimensions of (a/b) in the equation:
does not necessarily denote certainty is
a  t2 defined as _______.
P=
bx (A) special figures
Where P is pressure, x is distance and t is time. (B) characteristic figures
(A) [M1L1T2] (B) [M1L0T2] (C) unknown figures
1 2 2
(C) [M L T ] (D) [M1L2T2] (D) significant figures
31. The equation of state of some gases can be 39. The number of significant figures in all the
 a  given numbers 25.12, 2009, 4.156 and
expressed as  P  2  (V  b) = RT. Here P is
 V  1.217  104 is
the pressure, V is the volume, T is the absolute (A) 1 (B) 2
temperature and a, b, R are constants. The (C) 3 (D) 4
a 40. The answer of (9.15 + 3.8) with due regards
dimensions of ‘ ’ are
b to significant figure is
(A) [M1L2T2] (B) [ML1T2] (A) 13.000 (B) 13.00
(C) [M0L3T0] (D) [M0L6T0] (C) 13.0 (D) 13
12
 Chapter 01: Measurements
41. In the reading 2.614 cm of measurement with 48. The percentage error in the measurement of
a vernier calliper, only uncertain figure is mass of a body is 0.75% and the percentage
(A) 1 (B) 2 error in the measurement of its speed is
(C) 4 (D) 6 1.85%. Then the percentage error in the
measurement of its kinetic energy is
42. The sides of a rectangle are 6.01 m and 12 m. (A) 7.05% (B) 4.45%
Taking the significant figures into account, the (C) 2.6% (D) 1.1%
area of the rectangle is
(A) 72.00 cm2 (B) 72.1 cm2 49. The error in the measurement of length (L) of
(C) 72 m 2
(D) 72.12 cm2 the simple pendulum is 0.1% and the error in
time period (T) is 3%. The maximum possible
1.8 Accuracy and errors in measurements L
error in the measurement of 2 is
43. Estimate the mean absolute error from the T
following data. (A) 2.9% (B) 3.1%
20.17, 21.23, 20.79, 22.07, 21.78 (C) 5.9% (D) 6.1%
(A) 0.85 (B) 0.58
50. The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum
(C) 0.03 (D) 0.01
l
is given by T = 2 where l is about
xy3 g
44. In the expression A = the percentage
z2 100 cm and is known to have 1 mm accuracy.
error is given by The period is about 2 s. The time of
 x y z  100 oscillations is measured by a stop watch of
(A)  3  2  100% least count 0.1 s. The percentage error in g is
 x y z 
(A) 0.1% (B) 1%
 x 3y 2z 
(B)      100% (C) 0.3% (D) 0.8%
 x y z 
 x 3y 2z  51. The length, breadth and height of a rectangular
(C)      100% block of wood were measured to be
 x y z 
l = 13.12  0.02 cm, b = 7.18  0.01 cm,
 x y z  h = 4.16  0.02 cm.
(D)  3  2  100%
 x y z  The percentage error in the volume of the
block will be
45. The least count of a screw gauge is 0.005 cm.
The diameter of a wire is 0.020 cm as measured (A) 7% (B) 0.77%
by it. The percentage error in measurement is (C) 0.72% (D) 0.27%
(A) 25% (B) 20% 52. The heat dissipated in a resistance can be
(C) 15% (D) 5% I 2 Rt
determined from the relation: H = cal
46. The percentage error in the measurement of 4.2
radius r of a sphere is 0.1% then the percentage If the maximum errors in the measurement of
error introduced in the measurement of volume current, resistance and time are 2%, 1% and
is 1% respectively, what would be the maximum
(A) 0.1% (B) 0.2% error in the dissipated heat?
(C) 0.25% (D) 0.3% (A) 5% (B) 4%
(C) 6% (D) 0.5%
47. The pressure on a square plate is measured by
measuring the force on the plate and the length Miscellaneous
of the sides of the plate. If the maximum error
in the measurement of force and length are 53. If momentum (P), area (A) and time (T) are
respectively 4% and 2%, The maximum error assumed to be fundamental quantities, then
in the measurement of pressure is energy has dimensional formula
(A) 1% (B) 2% (A) [P1A1/2T1] (B) [P1A1/2T1]
(C) 6% (D) 8% (C) [P2A1T1] (D) [P1A1T1]
13
Std. XI : Triumph Physics
54. Assertion: Avogadro number is the number of
Competitive Thinking
atoms in one gram mole.
Reason: Avogadro number is a dimensionless 1.5 Fundamental and derived units
constant. 1. Correct unit of surface tension is
(A) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason [MH CET 2011]
is a correct explanation for Assertion N J
(A) (B)
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason m 2 m
is not a correct explanation for Assertion J
(C) Jm (D)
(C) Assertion is True, Reason is False m2
(D) Assertion is False, Reason is False. 2. Which of the following is not the unit of
energy? [MP PET 1998, 2000]
55. Assertion: The graph between P and Q is (A) watt-hour (B) electron volt
straight line, when P/Q is constant. (C) N m (D) kg m2 s2
Reason: The straight line graph means that P 3. Units of ‘a’ in Van der Waals equation of state
is proportional to Q or P is equal to constant is [MH CET 2002]
multiplied by Q. (A) Nm4/mole. (B) Nm2/mole.
(C) N2m/mole. (D) none of these.
(A) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason
is a correct explanation for Assertion 4. Unit of constant b in Van der Waal’s equation
is [MH CET 2006]
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason (A) m3/mole (B) m2/mole
is not a correct explanation for Assertion (C) m/mole (D) m3
(C) Assertion is True, Reason is False 5. The S.I. units of the constant in Wein’s
(D) Assertion is False, Reason is False. displacement law are
[MH CET 2008; 2009]
1
(A) cm K (B) mK
Quartz crystal clock
(C) cm2K1 (D) cm K2
6. S. I unit of principle specific heat is
[MH CET 2004]
(A) kcal/gm K (B) cal/gm K
(C) J/kg K (D) erg/kg K
7. As is unit of [MH CET 2002]
(A) capacitance. (B) charge.
(C) energy. (D) power.
8. S.I. unit of specific resistance is
[MH CET 2004]
(A)  cm (B)  m
(C) /cm (D) mho-cm
9. The unit of permeability of vacuum (μ0) is
_____. [GUJ CET 2014]
N N
(A) (B)
A A2
A quartz clock is a clock that uses an electronic J
oscillator regulated by a quartz crystal to keep time. (C) NA (D)
This crystal oscillator creates a signal with very A2
precise frequency, so that clock has an accuracy of 10. 1 Tesla = [MH CET 2004]
1 s in every 109 s.
(A) 1 Wb/m (B) 1 J/Am
(C) 1 N/Am (D) 1 Am/N
14
 Chapter 01: Measurements
11. Unit of ‘’ in radioactivity is 18. Dimension’s of planck’s constant are same as
[MH CET 2002] the dimensions of the product of
(A) m (B) (unit of half life)–1 [MH CET 2010]
(C) (year)–1 (D) sec (A) Force and time
(B) Force, displacement and time.
12. If the unit of length and force be increased (C) Force and velocity
four times, then the unit of energy is (D) Force and displacement
[Kerala PMT 2005]
(A) increased 4 times. 19. Which of the following set have different
dimensions? [IIT 2005]
(B) increased 8 times.
(A) Pressure, Young’s modulus, stress
(C) increased 16 times.
(B) e.m.f, potential difference, electric potential
(D) decreased 16 times.
(C) Heat, work done, energy
13. The surface tension of a liquid is 108 dyne/cm. (D) dipole moment, electric flux, electric
It is equivalent to [MH CET 1999] field
7
(A) 10 N/m (B) 106 N/m 20. The dimensions of G, the gravitational
(C) 105 N/m (D) 104 N/m constant, are
[AIIMS 2000; MH CET 2006;
1.6 Dimensional analysis Orissa JEE 2010; BCECE 2015]
L (A) [MLT2] (B) [ML3T2]
14. The quantities RC and   (where R, L and (C) [M1L3T2] (D) [M1LT2]
R
C stand for resistance, inductance and 21. Dimension of angular momentum is
capacitance respectively) have the dimensions [MH CET 2004]
of [Kerala PET 2010] (A) [M1L2T–2] (B) [M1L–2T–1]
(A) force (B) linear momentum (C) [M1L2T–1] (D) [M1L0T–1]
(C) linear acceleration(D) time 22. Dimension of surface tension is
15. R, L and C represent the physical quantities [MH CET 2002]
resistance, inductance and capacitance
1 2 2
(A) [M L T ] (B) [M1L0T2]
respectively. Which one of the following (C) [M1L2T2] (D) [M0 L0 T2]
combination has dimensions of frequency?
23. Dimension of force constant is given by,
[IIT JEE 1986] [MH CET 2003]
R R (A) [M1L1T–2] (B) [M0L1T–1]
(A) (B)
RC L (C) [M1L0T–2] (D) [M1L0T–1]
1 C 24. The dimensions of K in the equation
(C) (D)
LC L 1
W = Kx 2 is [Orissa JEE 2003]
0 LV 2
16. The quantity X  :0 is the permittivity (A) [M1L0T2] (B) [M0L1T1]
t 1 1 2
of free space, L is length, V is potential (C) [M L T ] (D) [M1L0T1]
difference and t is time. The dimensions of X 25. An object is moving through the liquid. The
are same as that of viscous damping force acting on it is
[IIT JEE 2001; AMU (Engg.) 2009] proportional to the velocity. Then dimension
(A) Resistance (B) Charge of constant of proportionality is
(C) Voltage (D) Current [Orissa JEE 2002]
(A) [M1L1T1] (B) [M1L1T1]
17. Planck’s constant has same dimensions as
(C) [M0L1T1] (D) [M1L0T1]
[MH CET 2004]
(A) energy. 26. The dimensional formula for Reynold’s
(B) angular momentum. number is [MH CET 2014]
(C) mass. (A) [L0 M0 T0] (B) [L1 M1 T1]
(D) force. (C) [L1 M1 T1] (D) [L1 M1 T1]
15
Std. XI : Triumph Physics
27. The dimensions of universal gas constant is 34. The dimensional formula of magnetic flux is
[Pb PET 2003; AIIMS 2010] _______.
2 2 1
(A) [ML T θ ] (B) [M2LT2θ] [MH CET 2001, GUJ CET 2014]
1 2 3 1
(C) [ML3T1θ1] (D) None of these (A) [M L T A ] (B) [M1L2T–2A–1]
(C) [M1L2T2A1] (D) [M1L3T2A1]
28. The relation between force ‘F’ and density ‘d’
x 35. The dimensions of solar constant are
is F = . The dimensions of x are
d [BCECE 2015]
[MH CET 2014] (A) [MLT2] (B) [M0L0T0]
(A) [L1/ 2 M 3/2 T 2 ] (B) [L1/ 2 M1/2 T 2 ] (C) [ML0T3] (D) [M0LT3]
(C) [L1 M 3/ 2 T 2 ] (D) [L1 M1/ 2 T 2 ] 36. The velocity v of a particle at time t is given
29. Force F is given by the equation b
by v = at + , where a, b and c are
X tc
F= . Then dimensions of X are constants. The dimensions of a, b and c are
Linear density
respectively [AIPMT 2006]
[TS EAMCET (Engg.) 2015] 2
2 0 2 (A) L, LT and T
(A) [M L T ] (B) [M0L0T1]
(C) [L2T2] (D) [M0L2T2] (B) LT2, L and T
(C) L2,T and LT2
30. What is dimension of a in Van der Waal’s
(D) LT2, LT and L
equation? [MH CET 2005]
1 1 2 2
(A) [M L T mol ] 37. If E, M, J and G respectively denote energy,
(B) [M1L3T2mol2] mass, angular momentum and gravitational
(C) [M1L5T2mol2] EJ 2
constant, then 5 2 has the dimensions of
(D) [M1L3T2mol1] MG
[AIIMS 1985; IIT 1990]
31. Let [0] denote the dimensional formula of
(A) length (B) angle
the permittivity of vacuum. If M = mass,
L = length, T = time and A = electric current, (C) mass (D) time
then [JEE (Main) 2013] 38. If X = 3YZ2 then the dimension of Y in MKS
–1 –3 2
(A) [0] = [M L T A] system, if X and Z are the dimension of
(B) [0] = [M–1 L–3 T4 A2] capacity and magnetic field respectively is
(C) [0] = [M–1 L2 T–1 A–2] [MP PMT 2003]
(D) [0] = [M–1 L2 T–1 A] (A) [M3L2T4A1] (B) [M1L2]
32. Dimensional formula for electrical field is (C) [M3L2T4A4] (D) [M3L2T8A4]
_______ . [GUJ CET 2014]
1 2 3 2
39. If the time period (T) of vibration of a liquid
(A) [M L T A ] (B) [M1L2T3A1]
1 1 3 1
drop depends on surface tension (S), radius (r)
(C) [M L T A ] (D) [M0L0T0A0]
of the drop and density () of the liquid, then
1 the expression of T is [AMU (Med.) 2000]
33. The dimension of  E2, where 0 is
2 0 (A) T = k r 3 / S
permittivity of free space and E is electric
field, is (B) T= k 1/ 2 r 3 / S
[AIPMT 2010]
2 1 2 (C) T = k r 3 / S1/ 2
(A) [L M T ] (B) [L1M1T2]
2 1 2
(C) [L M T ] (D) [L1M1T1] (D) T = None of these

16
 Chapter 01: Measurements

α
-α Z 45. In an experiment the angles are required to be
40. In the relation P = e kθ P is pressure, Z is measured using an instrument. 29 divisions of
β
the main scale exactly coincide with the 30
the distance, k is Boltzmann’s constant and θ divisions of the vernier scale. If the smallest
is the temperature. The dimensional formula division of the main scale is half-a-degree
of β will be [IIT (Screening) 2004] (=0.5) then the least count of the instrument
0 2 0
(A) [M L T ] (B) [M1L2T1] is [AIEEE 2009]
(C) [M1L0T1] (D) [M0L2T1] (A) one minute (B) half minute
(C) one degree (D) half degree
41. Match the following two columns.
46. A vernier callipers has 1 mm marks on the
Column I Column II main scale. It has 20 equal divisions on the
(a) Electrical (p) [M1L3T3A2] Vernier scale which match with 16 main scale
resistance divisions. For this Vernier callipers, the least
(b) Electrical potential (q) [ML2T3A2] count is [IIT JEE 2010]
(c) Specific resistance (r) [ML2T3A1] (A) 0.02 m (B) 0.05 mm
(d) Specific (s) None of these (C) 0.1 mm (D) 0.2 mm
conductance 47. The diameter of a cylinder is measured using
[GUJ CET 2015] a Vernier callipers with no zero error. It is
(A) a – q, b – s, c – r, d – p found that the zero of the Vernier scale lies
(B) a – q, b – r, c – p, d – s between 5.10 cm and 5.15 cm of the main
(C) a – p, b – q, c – s, d – r scale. The Vernier scale has 50 divisions
(D) a – p, b – r, c – q, d – s equivalent to 2.45 cm. The 24th division of
the Vernier scale exactly coincides with one
42. Match the list-I with list-II
of the main scale divisions. The diameter of
List-I List-II the cylinder is [JEE (Advanced) 2013]
P Boltzmann (I) [ML0T0] (A) 5.112 cm (B) 5.124 cm
constant (C) 5.136 cm (D) 5.148 cm
Q Coefficient of (II) [ML1T1]
viscosity 48. A student measured the length of a rod and
R Water equivalent (III) [MLT3K1] wrote it as 3.50 cm. Which instrument did he
use to measure it? [JEE (Main) 2014]
S Coefficient of (IV) [ML2T–2K1]
thermal (A) A metre scale
conductivity (B) A vernier calliper where the 10 divisions
in vernier scale matches with 9 division
[AP EAMCET (Engg.) 2016]
in main scale and main scale has
(A) P – III, Q – I, R – II, S – IV
10 divisions in 1 cm
(B) P – III, Q – II, R – I, S – IV
(C) A screw gauge having 100 divisions in
(C) P – IV, Q – II, R – I, S – III
the circular scale and pitch as 1 mm
(D) P – IV, Q – I, R – II, S – III
(D) A screw guage having 50 divisions in
1.7 Order of magnitude and significant the circular scale and pitch as 1 mm
figures
49. In a vernier callipers, one main scale division
43. The number of significant figures in 0.002305 is x cm and n divisions of the vernier scale
is [Kerala PET 2010] coincide with (n – 1) divisions of the main
(A) 6 (B) 4 scale. The least count (in cm) of the callipers
(C) 7 (D) 2 is [AMU PMT 2009]
44. The respective number of significant figures  n 1  nx
for the numbers 23.023, 0.0003 and 2.1  103
(A)  x (B)
 n  (n 1)
are [AIEEE 2010]
(A) 4, 4, 2 (B) 5, 1, 2 x x
(C) (D)
(C) 5, 1, 5 (D) 5, 5, 2 n (n 1)

17
Std. XI : Triumph Physics
50. A screw guage gives the following reading 54. If x = (a – b), the maximum percentage error
when used to measure the diameter of a wire. in the measurement of x will be
Main scale reading : 0 mm [BCECE 2015]
Circular scale reading : 52 divisions
 a b 
The diameter of wire from the above data is (A)  a  b  a  b   100
[AIEEE 2011]
(A) 0.52 cm (B) 0.052 cm  a b 
(C) 0.026 cm (D) 0.005 cm
(B)  a  b  a  b   100

51. A spectrometer gives the following reading  a  b 

when used to measure the angle of a prism.
(C)  a  b   100
Main scale reading : 58.5 degree
 a b 
Vernier scale reading : 09 divisions (D)  a  b   100
Given that 1 division on main scale
corresponds to 0.5 degree. Total divisions on 55. If radius of the sphere is (5.3  0.1) cm. Then
the vernier scale is 30 and match with 29 percentage error in its volume will be
divisions of the main scale. The angle of the [Pb PET 2000]
prism from the above data [AIEEE 2012] 100
(A) 58.59 degree (B) 58.77 degree (A) 3 + 6.01×
5.3
(C) 58.65 degree (D) 59 degree 1 100
(B) × 0.01×
3 5.3
1.8 Accuracy and errors in measurements
 3× 0.1 
52. Choose the INCORRECT statement out of the (C)  5.3  ×100
 
following. [AMU 2010]
0.1
(A) Every measurement by any measuring (D) ×100
5.3
instrument has some error.
(B) Every calculated physical quantity that 56. Resistance of a given wire is obtained by
is based on measured values has some measuring the current flowing in it and the
error. voltage difference applied across it. If the
(C) A measurement can have more accuracy percentage errors in the measurement of the
but less precision and vice versa. current and the voltage difference are 3%
(D) The percentage error is different from each, then error in the value of resistance of
relative error. the wire is
[AIEEE 2012]
53. Assertion: The error in the measurement of
(A) 6% (B) Zero
radius of the sphere is 0.3%. The permissible
(C) 1% (D) 3%
error in its surface area is 0.6%.
Reason: The permissible error is calculated by 57. In an experiment four quantities a, b, c and d
A 4r are measured with percentage error 1%, 2%,
the formula = [AIIMS 2008]
A r 3% and 4% respectively. Quantity P is
(A) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason calculated as follows:
is a correct explanation for Assertion a 3b2
P=  % error in P is
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason cd
is not a correct explanation for Assertion [NEET UG 2013]
(C) Assertion is True, Reason is False (A) 14% (B) 10%
(D) Assertion is False, Reason is False. (C) 7% (D) 4%
18
 Chapter 01: Measurements
58. Two full turns of the circular scale of a screw 62. In the determination of Young’s modulus
gauge cover a distance of 1 mm on its main  4MLg 
scale. The total number of divisions on the Y   by using Searle’s method, a wire
 ld 2 
circular scale is 50. Further, it is found that the of length L = 2 m and diameter d = 0.5 mm is
screw gauge has a zero error of – 0.03 mm. used. For a load M = 2.5 Kg, an extension l =
While measuring the diameter of a thin wire, a 0.25mm in the length of the wire is observed.
student notes the main scale reading of 3 mm Quantities d and l are measured using a screw
and the number of circular scale divisions in gauge and a micrometer, respectively. They
line with the main scale as 35. The diameter of have the same pitch of 0.5 mm. The number
the wire is [AIEEE 2008] of divisions on their circular scale is 100. The
(A) 3.73 mm (B) 3.67 mm contributions to the maximum probable error
(C) 3.38 mm (D) 3.32 mm of the Y measurement are
[IIT JEE 2012]
59. The circular divisions of shown screw gauge
are 50. It moves 0.5 mm on main scale in one (A) due to the errors in the measurements of
rotation. The diameter of the ball is d and l are the same.
(B) due to the error in the measurement of d
[IIT JEE 2006]
is twice that due to the error in the
O O 30 measurement of l.
10 25
5 20
(C) due to the error in the measurement of l
0
is twice that due to the error in the
measurement of d.
(A) 2.25 mm (B) 2.20 mm (D) due to the error in the measurement of d
is four times that due to the error in the
(C) 1.20 mm (D) 1.25 mm measurement of l.
60. A screw gauge with a pitch of 0.5 mm and a 63. If the time period of a simple pendulum is
circular scale with 50 divisions is used to
measure the thickenss of a thin sheet of T = 2  l / g , then the fractional error in
aluminium. Before starting the measurement, acceleration due to gravity is
it is found that when the two jaws of the screw [Assam CEE 2015]
gauge are brought in contact, the 45th division
4  2 l l T
coincides with the main scale line and that the (A) (B) 2
zero of the main scale is barely visible. What T 2 l T
is the thickness of the sheet if the main scale l T
reading is 0.5 mm and the 25th division (C) 2 (D) None of these
l T
coincides with the main scale line?
[JEE (Main) 2016] 64. A student measures the value of g with the
(A) 0.80 mm (B) 0.70 mm help of a simple pendulum using the formula
(C) 0.50 mm (D) 0.75 mm 42 L
g= . He measures length L with a metre
T2
61. The density of a solid ball is to be scale having least count 1 mm and finds it
determined in an experiment. The diameter 98.0 cm. The time period is measured with the
of the ball is measured with a screw gauge, help of a watch of least count 0.1 s. The time
whose pitch is 0.5 mm and there are 50 of 20 oscillations is found to be 40.0 s. The
divisions on the circular scale. The reading
error g in the measurement of g is (in m/s2).
on the main scale is 2.5 mm and that on the
circular scale is 20 divisions. If the [BCECE 2014]
measured mass of the ball has a relative  0.1  1 
error of 2%, the relative percentage error in (A) 9.68   0.1 (B) 9.68   0.1
 98   98 
the density is [IIT JEE 2011]
(A) 0.9% (B) 2.4%  0.1 0.1  1 1
(C) 9.68   (D) 9.68   
(C) 3.1% (D) 4.2%  98 20   98 20 
19
Std. XI : Triumph Physics
65. The period of oscillation of a simple
69. Which of the following physical quantities
L
pendulum is T = 2 . Measured value of L b
g represent the dimensions of in the relation
a
is 20.0 cm known to 1 mm accuracy and time
for 100 oscillations of the pendulum is found x2  b
P = , where P is power, x is distance
to be 90 s using a wrist watch of 1 s at
resolution. The accuracy in the determination and ‘t’ time? [AP EAMCET (Med.) 2016]
of g is [JEE (Main) 2015] (A) Power
(A) 2% (B) 3% (B) Surface tension
(C) 1% (D) 5%
(C) Torsional constant
66. Students I, II and III perform an experiment for (D) Force
measuring the acceleration due to gravity (g)
using a simple pendulum. They use different 70. If force (F), velocity (V) and time (T) are
lengths of the pendulum and/or record time for taken as fundamental units, then the
different number of oscillations. The dimensions of mass are [AIPMT 2014]
1
observations are shown in the table. (A) [F V T ]
Least count for length = 0.1 cm (B) [F V T2]
Least count for time = 0.1 s (C) [F V1 T1]
(D) [F V1 T]
Length of Total time
Number of Time
the for (n) 71. If energy (E), velocity (V) and time (T) are
oscillation period
pendulum oscillations chosen as the fundamental quantities, the
(n) (s)
(cm) (s) dimensional formula of surface tension will be
I 64.0 8 128.0 16.0 [AIPMT 2015]
II 64.0 4 64.0 16.0 (A) [E V–2 T–1]
III 20.0 4 36.0 9.0 (B) [E V–1 T–2]
(C) [E V–2 T–2]
If EI, EII and EIII are the percentage errors in g,
(D) [E–2 V–1 T–3]
 g 
i.e.,   100  for students I, II and III,
 g  72. If the velocity of surface wave (v) depends
respectively, [IIT JEE 2008] upon surface tension (T), coefficient of
(A) EI = 0 viscosity () and density (), then the
(B) EI is minimum expression for v will be
(C) EI = EII [Assam CEE 2015]
(D) EII is maximum T2 T
(A) (B)
 
Miscellaneous
 
(C) (D)
67. One femtometer is equivalent to [DCE 2004] T2 
(A) 1015 m (B) 1015 m
73. The ratio of the dimensions of Planck constant
(C) 1012 m (D) 1012 m and that of moment of inertia has the
68. Which of the following units denotes the dimensions of [K CET 2015]
dimensions ML2/Q2 where Q denotes the (A) angular momentum.
electric charge? [AIEEE 2006] (B) time.
(A) henry (H) (B) H/m2 (C) velocity.
(C) weber (Wb) (D) Wb/m2 (D) frequency.

20
 Chapter 01: Measurements

Answer Key
Classical Thinking
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (D) 6. (C) 7. (A) 8. (B) 9. (B) 10. (B)
11. (D) 12. (A) 13. (D) 14. (D) 15. (D) 16. (C) 17. (C) 18. (D) 19. (C) 20. (B)
21. (A) 22. (B) 23. (D) 24. (D) 25. (A) 26. (B) 27. (C) 28. (D) 29. (D) 30. (D)
31. (A) 32. (C) 33. (A) 34. (B) 35. (D) 36. (C) 37. (B) 38. (D) 39. (D) 40. (D)
41. (C) 42. (B) 43. (A) 44. (B) 45. (B) 46. (A) 47. (D) 48. (A) 49. (C) 50. (B)
51. (A) 52. (A) 53. (B) 54. (C) 55. (C) 56. (B) 57. (C) 58. (D)

Critical Thinking
1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. (C) 5. (D) 6. (B) 7. (C) 8. (A) 9. (C) 10. (B)
11. (D) 12. (C) 13. (B) 14. (D) 15. (D) 16. (A) 17. (D) 18. (C) 19. (A) 20. (C)
21. (A) 22. (C) 23. (C) 24. (B) 25. (C) 26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (A) 29. (B) 30. (B)
31. (A) 32. (B) 33. (C) 34. (B) 35. (A) 36. (B) 37. (A) 38. (D) 39. (D) 40. (C)
41. (C) 42. (C) 43. (B) 44. (B) 45. (A) 46. (D) 47. (D) 48. (B) 49. (D) 50. (C)
51. (B) 52. (C) 53. (B) 54. (C) 55. (A)

Competitive Thinking
1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (A) 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (B) 8. (B) 9. (B) 10. (C)
11. (B) 12. (C) 13. (C) 14. (D) 15. (B) 16. (D) 17. (B) 18. (B) 19. (D) 20. (C)
21. (C) 22. (B) 23. (C) 24. (A) 25. (D) 26. (A) 27. (A) 28. (A) 29. (A) 30. (C)
31. (B) 32. (C) 33. (B) 34. (B) 35. (C) 36. (B) 37. (B) 38. (D) 39. (A) 40. (A)
41. (B) 42. (C) 43. (B) 44. (B) 45. (A) 46. (D) 47. (B) 48. (B) 49. (C) 50. (B)
51. (C) 52 (D) 53. (C) 54. (B) 55. (C) 56. (A) 57. (A) 58. (C) 59. (C) 60. (A)
61. (C) 62. (A) 63. (C) 64. (A) 65. (B) 66. (C) 67. (B) 68. (A) 69. (C) 70. (D)
71. (C) 72. (B) 73. (D)

Hints

Classical Thinking
Critical Thinking
13. Temperature is a fundamental quantity. 1. Physical quantity (M)
26. 5 2
1 dyne = 10 N, 1 cm = 10 m 4 2 = Numerical value (n)  Unit (u)
If physical quantity remains constant then
 103 dyne/cm2 = 103  105/104 N/m2
n  1/u  n1u1 = n2u2.
= 102 N/m2
OR 2. Because in S.I. system, there are seven
fundamental quantities.
Using quick conversion for pressure,
1 dyne/cm2 = 0.1 N/m2 mass  pressure m  (F / A) F  V
3. = =
 103 dyne/cm2 = 103  0.1 = 102 N/m2 density (m / V) A
F  (A  s)
 d  = = F  s = work
57. Percentage error =   100  % A
 d 
 m 
 0.01  6. mv = kg  
=  100  %  sec 
 1.03 
= 0.97% 7. Curie = disintegration/second
21
Std. XI : Triumph Physics
8. Bxt is unitless.  M1L1T 2 
 Unit of B is m1s1. F
b= 2 = = [M1L1T4]
t T 2 
F L dyne 10-5 N
9. Y= . = = = 0.1 N/m2
A DL cm 2 10-4 m 2 25. F= a x
10. Parallactic angle,  = 57 F  M1L1T 2 
o
 57    a= =  1/ 2  = [M1L1/2T2]
 57  x  L 
=  =   rad
 60   60  180 2
bt = F
b = Radius of earth = 6.4  106 m F
Distance of the moon from the earth,  b= 2
t
b 6.4  106  60  180
s= = s = 3.86  108 m  M1L1T 2 
 57   = = [M1L1T4]
T 
2
11. Distance of sun from earth, s = 1.5  1011 m
Angular diameter of sun,  M1L1/ 2 T 2 
a
 1920 

1920  = = [L1/2 T2]
 = 1920 =   =  rad b  M1L1T 4 
 60  60  3600 180
Diameter of sun, D = s   26. [M1L1T2] = [L2]a [L1T1]b [M1L3]c
1920  = [L2a] [LbTb] [McL3c]
= 1.5  1011  
3600 180 = [Mc L2a + b 3c Tb]
D  1.4  109 m Comparing powers of M, L and T,
c = 1, 2a + b  3c = 1,
12. Torque = [M1L2T2],
b =  2
Angular momentum = [M1L2T1]
So mass and length have the same dimensions.  b=2
2a + 2  3(1) = 1
13. According to Poiseuille’s formula,  2a = 2
πPr 4  a=1
=
8l (dV / dt)
4π 2 a x
[M1L-1T-2 ][L4 ] 27. Let T2 =
 [ ] = = [M1L1T1] G y Mz
[L1 ][L3 / T1 ] 42 being pure number is dimensionless.
15. [Dipole moment] = [M0L1T1A1] [M 0 L1T 0 ]x
 [M0L0T2] =
[Electric flux] = [M1L3T3A1] [M-1L3T-2 ] y [M1L0 T 0 ]z
[Electric field] = [M1L1T3A1]  [M0L0T2] = [Lx] [M1L3T2]y [M1]z
1 2 Comparing powers of M, L and T
16. Li = energy stored in an inductor
2 y  z = 0,
= [M1L2T2] x  3y = 0 and 2y = 2
17. The dimension of a quantity is independent of  y=1
changes in its magnitude. Substituting value of y,
z = 1, x = 3
1 4π 2 a 3
21. = c = velocity of light Thus, T2 =
00 GM
mg  M1   L1T 2  28. T = PaDbSc
23. = 1 1  1 1 = [L1T1] [M0L0T1] = [M1L1T2]a [M1L3T0]b [M1L0T2]c
r  L M T   L 
Comparing powers of M, L, T
24. From F = at + bt2 a + b + c = 0,
M1LT1 2
  a  3b = 0 and  2a  2c = 1
F 3 1
a= = = [M1L1T3] Solving, a = - , b = and c = 1.
t T1 
2 2
22
 Chapter 01: Measurements
29. In the given wave equation x denotes 39. The number of significant figures in all of the
æ xö given number is 4.
displacement. Thus ççç ÷÷÷ has dimensions of T.
è vø 41. A vernier calliper has a least count 0.01 cm.
Hence from the principle of homogenity k has Hence measurement is accurate only upto
dimensions of T. three significant figures.
a  t2 42. In multiplication or division, final result
30. P= should retain the same number of significant
bx figures as there are in the original number with
a = [t2] = [T2] the least significant figures.
T2  Area of rectangle = 6  12 = 72 m2
 P=
bx
20.17  21.23  20.79  22.07  21.78
T2 T  2
 T 4  43. am =
b= = = 5
Px  M1L1T 2   L1   M1  am = 21.21
a1 = 21.21  20.17= 1.04
a  M1 
2 
= [T ] 4 = [M1T2] a2 = 21.21  21.23 = 0.02
b T  a3 = 0.42
a4 = 0.86
31. By principle of dimensional homogeneity a5 = 0.57
 a  Δa1 + Δa 2 + Δa 3 + Δa 4 + Δa 5
 V 2  = [P] am =
  5
 [a] = [P] [V2] = [M1L1T2]  [L6] 1.04  0.02  0.42  0.86  0.57
= [M1L5T2] = = 0.58
5
Dimensions of b are same as that of V,
 d 
[b] = [L3] 45. Percentage error =   100  %
 d 
a   M1L5T 2 
 =  M1L2T 2   0.005 
 b  =  L 
3 =  100  % = 25%
 0.020 
r 4
32. Let G  cxgypz 46.  100 = 0.1% and V = r 3
Substituting dimensions, r 3
[M1L3T2]= [M0L1T1]x [M0L1T2]y [M1L1T2]z V
Percentage error in volume = %
Comparing powers of M, L, T V
 1 = z, 3r
= = 0.3%
x + y  z = 3 and r
 x  2y  2z =  2 F F
Solving, x = 0, y = 2 47. P= = 2
A l
s so maximum error in pressure (P)
33. Acceleration due to gravity = g =
t2  P  F l
  100  =  100 + 2  100
g = [L1T2]  P  max F l
a = 1, b = 2 = 4% + 2 × 2% = 8%
1st system 2nd system
L1 = 1 cm L2 = 1 km  m 2v 
48. Percentage error in K.E =   %
= 105 km  m v 
1 T2 = 1 min = (0.75 + 2  1.85)%
T1 = 1 s = min = 4.45%
60
a b 1 2
 10 5 km   1 /60 min  49. Maximum possible error in measurement of
n =  L 1   T 1  = 980     
 L2  T 2   1 km   1 min  L  L T 
= 2 %
= 980  105  3600 T 2
 L T 
= 35.28 km min2 = (0.1 + 2  3) % = 6.1%
23
Std. XI : Triumph Physics

42 l 12. Energy = force  distance, so if both are increased

50. T = 2π l / g  T2 = 4π2l/g  g = by 4 times then energy will increase by 16 times.
T2
1mm 0.1 13. 1 dyne = 105 N and 1 cm = 102 m
% error in l = × 100 = 100 = 0.1%
100cm 100  1 dyne/cm = 103 N/m
 0.1   108 dyne/cm = 105 N/m
and error in T = 2  100  = 0.2%
100  14. RC is the time constant of RC circuit and
 % error in g = % error in l + % error in T L
= 0.1 + 0.2 = 0.3 %   is the time constant of LR circuit. Hence,
R
V  l b h  L
 100 =    both RC and   have the dimensions of time
51.   100% R
V  l b h 
Alternate method:
 0.02 0.01 0.02 
=     100% coulomb
 13.12 7.18 4.16  RC = ohm  farad = ohm 
volt
= 0.77%
volt coulomb coulomb
=  =
I 2 Rt ampere volt ampere
52. H=
4.2 = second = [T]
H  I R t  L henry
% Error, 100 =  2   % Now, =
H  I R t  R ohm
= 2  2 + 1 + 1 = 6% ohm  second
=
53. [Energy] = [M1L2T2] ohm
= [M1L1T1] [L1] [T1] = [P1A1/2T1] = second = [T]
L
54. Avogadro number (N) represents the number Both RC and have the dimensions of time.
R
of atoms in 1 gram mole of an element. i.e., it
has the dimensions of mole1. 16. [ 0 L]  [C]
55. As the graph is a straight line , P  Q, or  LV C  V Q
 X 0    Current
P t t t
P = Constant  Q i.e., = constant.
Q Gm1m 2
20. F=
r2
Competitive Thinking Fr 2
G=
3. The van der Waals equation for ‘n’ moles of m1m 2
the gas is,  M1L1T 2   L2 
 n 2a   [G] =  = [M1L3T2]
 P  2   [V  nb] = nRT  M 
2

 V 
Pressure Volume 1 2
correction 24. W= Kx
correction 2
F [W]
 V 2 FlV Fl 4 [K] = 2
PV 2 A [x ]
 a= 2 =  2  2
n n2 n n  M1L2 T 2  1 2
Thus, S.I.units of a is N m4/mol2. =  2  = [M T ]
 L 
4. From Van der Waal’s equation,
nb has dimensions of volume. 25. Fv
V F = kv
 b= F  M1L1T 2 
n k= =  1 1  = [M1L0T1]
Thus, S.I. units of b is m3/mol. v  LT 
24
 Chapter 01: Measurements

PV  M1L1T 2  L3  1 2 2 1
36. c = [T]
27. R= =   = [M L T θ ] v [L1 T 1 ]
T    a= =
t [T1 ]
x
28. F= = [L1T2]
d b = v(t + c) = [L1T1]  T1 = [L1]
[x] =  F d 
1/ 2

EJ 2 [M1L2 T 2 ][M1L2 T 1 ]2
0 1/2 37. =
=  M1L1T 2   M1L3T  =  M 3/ 2 L1/ 2 T 2  M 5G 2 [M1 ]5 [M 1L3T 2 ]2
X = [M0L0T0]
29. F= The dimensions of angle are [M0L0T0].
Linear density
Linear density is mass per unit length X [M 1L2 T 4 A 2 ]
38. Y= =
 M1  3Z2 [M1L0 T 2 A 1 ]2
 [M1L1T2]   1  = [X]
L  = [M3L2T8A4]
2 0 –2
 [X] = [M L T ] 39. Let T  Sxryz
30. The van der Waals equation for ‘n’ moles of [M0L0T1] = [M1L0T2]x [M0L1T0]y [M1L3T0]z
the gas is, Comparing powers of M, L, T
 n 2a  x + z = 0,
 P    [V  nb] = nRT y  3z = 0 and
 V2 
Pressure Volume  2x = 1
correction correction 1 3 1
Solving, x = - , y = , z =
F 2 2 2
 V 2 FlV Fl 4
PV 2 A Thus, T  S1/2 r3/2 1/2
 a= 2 =  2  2
n n2 n n T = k (r 3ρ / S)1/ 2 = k ρr 3 / S
 Fl 
4
  a    2  = [M1L5T2mol2]
n  Z
40. In the given equation, should be
q q k
31. 0 = 1 22 dimensionless,
4 Fr
k
A2 T2  
[0] = = [M1 L3 T4 A2] Z
(M1L1T 2 ) L2 [M1L2 T 2 K 1  K1 ]
 [α] =
Force [M1L1T 2 ] [L1 ]
32. Electric Field = =
Charge [A1T1 ] = [M1L1T2]
[E] = [M1L1T3A1] 
And P =
33. [0E2] = [0] [E]2 
1 1 2
= [M1L3T4A2] [M1L1T3A1]2    [M L T ]
[β] =    1 1 2
= [M1L1T2A0]  P  [M L T ]
OR  [β] = [M0L2T0]
1
ε0 E2 = u V
2 41. [R]  [M1L2T3A2] using R =
where u is energy density and has dimensions I
[M1L1T2] U
[V]  [M1L2T3A1] using V =
W q
35. Units of solar constant : RA
m2 []  [M1L3T3A2] using  =
m2 1 kg l
= kg 3
 2  3 1
s m s []  [M1L3T3A2] using  =
 Dimension  [M1 L0T3] 

25
Std. XI : Triumph Physics
PV For vernier scale, where the 10 divisions in
42. Boltzmann constant (kB) = vernier scale matches with 9 division in main
NT
S.I. unit: J K  [M L T K1]
1 1 2 2 scale and main scale has 10 divisions in 1 cm
1 MSD = 1 mm and 9 MSD = 10 VSD,
F
Coefficient of viscosity () = Least count = 1 MSD – 1 VSD = 0.1 mm
 dv  Hence, correct option is (B).
A 
 dx 
49. One main scale division, 1 M.S.D. = x cm
Ns
S.I. unit :  [M1 L1 T1] One vernier scale division,
m2 (n 1) x
Water equivalent is the mass of water that will 1 V.S.D. =
absorb or lose same quantity of heat as that of n
the substance for the same change in Least count = 1 M.S.D. – 1 V.S.D.
temperature. nx nx  x x
= = cm.
S.I. unit : kg  [M1 L0 T0] n n
Coefficient of thermal conductivity (K)
1
Q 50. Least count of screw gauge = mm
= 100
  
At   = 0.01 mm
 x  Diameter = Main scale reading + (Divisions on
S.I. unit : J/ m s K  [M1 L1 T3 K1] circular scale  least count)
45. 30 VSD = 29 MSD  1 
= 0 +  52   = 0.52 mm
29  100 
1 VSD = MSD
30 Diameter = 0.052 cm.
L.C. = 1 MSD – 1 VSD
51. 30 VSD = 29 MSD
 29  1 29
= 1   MSD =  0.5
 30  30 1 VSD = MSD
30
= 1 minute Least count of vernier = 1 M.S.D. – 1 V.S.D.
46. 20 VSD = 16 MSD  29  0.5
1 VSD = 0.8 MSD = 0.5    0.5  =
 30  30
Least count = MSD – VSD
Reading of vernier = M.S. reading
= 1 mm – 0.8 mm = 0.2 mm
+ V.S. reading  L.C.
Main scale
0.5
= 58.5 + 9  = 58.65
0.8 mm 30
0
1mm 53. A = 4πr2
A 2r
 Fractional error =
0 10 A r
A
47. For a given vernier callipers,  100 = 2  0.3% = 0.6%
A
1 MSD = 5.15  5.10 = 0.05 cm
2.45 4 3
1 VSD = = 0.049 cm 55. Volume of sphere (V) = πr
50 3
 L.C = 1 MSD  1VSD Δr
% error in volume = 3   100
= 0.001 cm r
Thus, the reading = 5.10 + (0.001  24)  0.1 
= 3×  100
= 5.124 cm  5.3 
 diameter of cylinder = 5.124 cm
48. As per the question, the measured value is V R V I
56. R=   
3.50 cm. Hence the least count must be I R V I
0.01 cm = 0.1 mm = 3 + 3 = 6%
26
 Chapter 01: Measurements

a 3b2 0.5
57. Given that: P = 61. Least count = = 0.01 mm
cd 50
 a  Diameter of ball D = 2.5 mm + (20) (0.01)
error contributed by a = 3   100  D = 2.7 mm
 a 
M M
= 3  1% = 3% = =
V 4  D 3
 b   
error contributed by b = 2   100  3 2
 b 
= 2  2% = 4%    M D
   = 3
 c    max M D
error contributed by c =  100  = 3%
 c       0.01  

  = 2% + 3  2.7  100% 
 d 
error contributed by d =  100  = 4%   max    
 d  
 = 3.1%
 Percentage error in P is given as, 
Dp
´100 = (error contributed by a)+(error 62. Least count of both instrument
p 0.5
contributed by b) + (error contributed by c) d = l = mm = 5  103mm
100
+ (error contributed by d) 4MLg
= 3% + 4% + 3% + 4% Y=
= 14% ld 2
 Y  l d
Pitch   = +2
58. Least count =  Y  max l d
No.of div.in circular scale
l
0.5 Error due to l measurement
= = 0.01 mm l
50 0.5 /100mm
Actual reading = 0.01  35 + 3 = 3.35 mm = = 2%
Taking error into consideration
0.25mm
= 3.35 + 0.03 Error due to d measurement,
= 3.38 mm. 0.5
2
d 100 = 0.5 / 100 = 2%
0.5 2 =
59. Zero error = 5  = 0.05 mm d 0.5mm 0.25
50
Actual measurement 63. We have;
0.5 l
= 2  0.5 mm + 25   0.05 mm T = 2
50 g
= 1 mm + 0.25 mm  0.05 mm Squaring
= 1.20 mm
2 l 
T2 = 4   
60. Main Scale Reading (MSR) = 0.5 mm g
Circular Scale Division (CSD) = 25th l
g = 4
2
Number of divisions on circular scale = 50 
T2
Pitch of screw = 0.5 mm
Fractional error in g is
0.5
 LC of screw gauge = = 0.01 mm g  l T
50  2
g l T
 zero error = 5  LC = –0.05 mm
 zero correction = +0.05 mm g L  T 
Observed reading = 0.5 mm + (25  0.01) mm 64. = + 2 
g L  T 
= 0.75 mm
 L  T  
Corrected reading = 0.75 mm + 0.05 mm  g = g   2 
= 0.80 mm  L  T 

27
Std. XI : Triumph Physics
Time for 20 oscillations = 40 s  [b] = [L2] ….(i)
40 Also,
 Time for 1 oscillation =
20 [P] = [M1L2T3]
 T=2s [t] = [T1]
4  2 L 4(3.14) 2  0.98 [b] [L2 ]
g= = = 9.68 m/s2  [a] = =
T2  2 2 [P][t] [M1L2T 3 ][T1 ]
 0.1  0.1   [a] = [M1T2] ….(ii)
 g = 9.68   2 
 98  2  [b] [L2 ]
 = = [M1L2T–2] ….(iii)
 0.1  [a] [M 1T 2 ]
 g = 9.68   0.1
 98  
Torsional constant K =

L
65. Given : T = 2   [K] = []
g [K] = [M1L2T2] ….(iv)
L From (iii) and (iv),
 g = 42. 2
T [b]
% Accuracy in determination of g, = [K]
[a]
g L T
100 = 100 + 2 100 mv
g L T 70. F = ma =
L t t
= 100  2 100 Ft
L t  m=
0.1 1 v
= 100  2  100
20 90  Ft 
 [m] =   = [F1 V1 T1]
100 200 v
=  = 0.5 + 2.22
200 90
[Surface tension] =     2   
F E E 
= 2.72  3% 71.
L L  (VT) 2 

4  2l 1 –2 –2
= [E V T ]
66. g= 2
T
g 72. [T] = [M1T2]
 % error in g =  100 [] = [M1L1T1]
g
[] = [M1L3]
 l   T  From the options given,
=    100 + 2    100
 l   T 
T    M1T 2 
0.1  0.1  = [L1T1] = [v]
EI = 100  2   100 = 1.406%    M1L1T 1 
64  16 
T
0.1  0.1   v
EII = 100  2   100 = 1.406% 
64  16 
0.1  0.1  73. Planck constant (h) is related to angular
EIII = 100  2   100 = 2.72%
20  9  nh
momentum (L) as, L
2
ML2  M1L2 
68. 2
= 2
= [M1L2T2A2]  [h] = [L] = [mvr]
Q  A T 
1 1
Moment of inertia I = mr2
These are the dimensions of unit Henry. h mvr v
 = = =
I mr 2 r
x b 2

69. Given: P = But  = 2f

at
h
From principle of homogeneity, ‘b’ will have     [2 f ]  [f ]
the dimensions of x2 I

28
 Chapter 01: Measurements

Evaluation Test

1. When dimensions of a given physical quantity 6. Two full turns of the circular scale of a screw
are given, the physical quantity is unique. gauge cover a distance of 1 mm on its main
(A) The statement and its converse both are scale. The total number of divisions on the
true. circular scale is 50. Further, it is found that the
(B) The statement and its converse both are screw gauge has a zero error of  0.02 mm.
false. While measuring the diameter of a thin wire, a
(C) The statement is false but its converse is student notes the main scale reading of 4 mm
true. and the number of circular scale divisions in
(D) The statement is true but its converse is line with the main scale as 37. The diameter of
false. the wire is
(A) 4.37 mm (B) 4.39 mm
2. Two quantities A and B are related by the (C) 4.74 mm (D) 4.76 mm
A
relation = m, where m is linear mass 7. The potential energy U of a particle varies
B
with distance x from a fixed origin as
density and A is force. The dimensions of B
will be same as that of A x
U= 2 where A and B are dimensional
(A) latent heat (B) pressure x B
(C) work (D) momentum constants. The dimensional formula for AB is
3. The readings of a constant potential difference (A) [M1L7/2T2] (B) [M1L11/2T2]
are noted four times by a student. The student (C) [M1L5/2T2] (D) [M1L9/2T2]
averages these readings but does not take into 8. Assertion: The number 37800 has three
account the zero error of the voltmeter. The significant digits.
average measurement of the potential Reason: All non-zero digits are significant.
difference is (A) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason
Reading 1 1.176 V is a correct explanation for Assertion.
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason
Reading 2 1.178 V
is not a correct explanation for Assertion.
Reading 3 1.177 V
(C) Assertion is True, Reason is False.
Reading 4 1.176 V (D) Assertion is False but, Reason is False.
(A) precise and accurate. C
(B) precise but not accurate. 9. If A = B + , the dimensions of B and C
DE
(C) accurate but not precise.
(D) not accurate and not precise. are [M0LT1] and [M0LT0], respectively. Find
the dimensions of A, D and E.
4. The ‘rad’ is the correct unit used to report the (A) A = [M0L0T1], D = [T], E = [LT]
measurement of (B) A = [MLT0], D = [T2], E = [T2]
(A) the rate of decay of radioactive source. (C) A = [M0LT1], D = [MT], E = [MT]
(B) the ability of a beam of gamma ray (D) A = [M0LT1], D = [T], E = [T]
photons to produce ions in a target.
(C) the energy delivered by radiation to a 10. In the measurement of a physical quantity
target. A2B
X = 1/3 3 . The percentage errors introduced
(D) the biological effect of radiation. C D
5. The dimensions of capacitance in M, L, T and in the measurements of the quantities A, B, C
C (Coulomb) is given as and D are 1%, 3%, 4% and 5% respectively.
Then the minimum amount of percentage of
(A) [M1L2T2C2]
error in the measurement of X is contributed
(B) [L2T2C2] by
(C) [M1L2T2C2] (A) A (B) B
(D) [M1L2T2C2] (C) C (D) D
29
Std. XI : Triumph Physics
11. If E = energy, G = gravitational constant, 17. The jaws of a vernier callipers touch the inner
I = impulse and M = mass, the dimension wall of calorimeter without any undue
GI 2 M pressure. The position of zero of vernier scale
is same as that of on the main scale reads 3.48. The 6th of
E2
vernier scale division is coinciding with any
(A) spring constant
main scale division. Vernier constant of
(B) wavelength callipers is 0.01 cm. Find actual internal
(C) energy gradient diameter of calorimeter, when it is observed
(D) Rydberg constant that the vernier scale has a zero error of
– 0.03 cm.
12. Choose the incorrect statement:
(A) 3.37 cm (B) 3.57 cm
(A) A dimensionally correct equation may
(C) 3.42 cm (D) 3.54 cm
be correct.
(B) A dimensionally correct equation may 18. The thin metallic strip of vernier callipers
be incorrect. moves downward from top to bottom in such a
(C) A dimensionally incorrect equation must way that it just touches the surface of beaker.
be incorrect. Main scale reading of calliper is 6.4 cm
(D) A dimensionally incorrect equation may whereas its vernier constant is 0.1 mm. The 4th
be correct. of vernier scale division is coinciding with
main scale division. The actual depth of
13. The radius of a ball is (6.2  0.4) cm. The beaker in mm is (when zero of vernier
percentage error in the volume of the ball is coincides with zero of main scale)
(A) 11% (B) 4% (A) 6.64 cm (B) 6.42 cm
(C) 19% (D) 9% (C) 6.44 cm (D) 6.13 cm

14. The number of particles crossing the unit area Answers to Evaluation Test
perpendicular to the z-axis per unit time is
 n  n1  1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (D)
given by N = D  2  where n1 and n2
 z 2  z1  5. (C) 6. (B) 7. (B) 8. (B)
are the numbers of particles per unit volume at 9. (D) 10. (C) 11. (B) 12. (D)
z1 and z2 respectively along z-axis. What is the 13. (C) 14. (D) 15. (A) 16. (D)
dimensional formula for the diffusion constant 17. (B) 18. (C)
D?
(A) [M0L1T2]
(B) [M0L2T4]
(C) [M0L1T3]
(D) [M0L2T1]
15. When a screw gauge is completely closed, zero
of circular scale is 4 divisions above the
reference line of graduation. If L.C. of screw
gauge is 103 cm, the zero error is
(A)  4  103 cm
(B) + 4  103 cm
(C)  0.004 mm
(D) + 0.004 mm
16. Which of the following is not dimensionless?
(A) Relative refractive index
(B) Relative permittivity
(C) Relative density
(D) Relative velocity

30