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Lab Report On Frequency Dependency of Capacitor Voltage
Lab Report On Frequency Dependency of Capacitor Voltage
Gopalganj, Bangladesh
Faculty of Science
Department of Physics
B. Sc. (Hon’s) in Physics
Lab Report
Experiment No:
Experiment Name: To study the frequency dependency of capacitor voltage in series RC circuit.
Submission Date:
Experiment No: Date:
Experiment Name: To study the frequency dependency of capacitor voltage in series RC circuit.
Theory
The capacitor is a component which has the ability or “capacity” to store energy in the form of
an electrical charge producing a potential difference (Static Voltage) across its plates, much like
a small rechargeable battery. Figure (1) shows a pure capacitor connected to a power supply.
𝑣 = 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑡 (1)
Now
𝑑𝑞
𝑖=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
= (𝐶𝑉)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
=𝐶 (𝑉)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
=𝐶 (𝑉 sin 𝜔𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 𝑚
𝑑
= 𝐶𝑉𝑚 (sin 𝜔𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
= 𝐶𝑉𝑚 𝜔 cos 𝜔𝑡
= Im cos 𝜔𝑡 (2)
From equation (1) and (2) current is cosine wave and supply voltage is sine wave. Again sine and
cosine waves have 900 phase difference. So that in purely inductive circuit the current leads the
supply voltage by 900 .
The wave form and the phasor diagram are shown in the following figure.
From equation (2)
𝐼𝑚 = 𝐶𝑉𝑚 𝜔
𝐼𝑚 𝑉𝑚
= 𝐶𝜔
√2 √2
𝐼𝑚
Here = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝐼 and I is called Root Mean Squared (rms) value of current.
√2
𝑉𝑚 𝑉𝑚
= = 𝑉 and V is called Root Mean Squared (rms) value of voltage.
√2 √2 𝑟𝑚𝑠
So that
𝐼 = 𝑉𝐶𝜔
𝑉 1
=
𝐼 𝐶𝜔
𝑉
Here = 𝑋𝐶 and 𝑋𝐶 is called capacitive reactance of capacitor.
𝐼
So that
1
𝑋𝐶 =
𝐶𝜔
1
𝑋𝐶 =
𝐶2𝜋𝑓
1
𝑋𝐶 =
2𝜋𝑓𝐶
Now,
𝑉𝑐 = 𝐼𝑋𝑐
1
𝑉𝑐 = 𝐼
2𝜋𝑓𝐶
1
𝑉𝑐 ∝
𝑓
Apparatus
1) Bread board
2) Resistor
3) Capacitor
4) Signal Generator
5) Ammeter
6) Voltmeter
7) Connecting wires
Procedure
1) Connect all components on the bread board according to the circuit of Fig. 1 on the bread
board.
2) Turn on the signal generator.
3) Set the range of the signal generator.
4) Increase the frequency by fixed amount.
5) Measure the voltage using voltmeter.
6) Repeat above steps until the voltage across capacitor reduces to very very small value.
Dataand Graph
5
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10
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Result
Discussion
Precautions