Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Community Resource Portfolio
Community Resource Portfolio
Community Resource Portfolio
Katrina Shababb
Caldwell University
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Childhood Cancer
A cancer diagnosis is upsetting at any age, but especially so when the patient
is a child. It's natural to have many questions. Not all questions have answers, but
the information and resources on this page provide a starting point for
In the United States in 2017, an estimated 10,270 new cases of cancer will be
diagnosed among children from birth to 14 years, and about 1,190 children are
expected to die from the disease (National Cancer Institute, 2017). 5-year survival
rates for individuals between the ages of 0 and 19 are greater than 79% (Ries et al.,
2007). Although pediatric cancer death rates have declined by nearly 70 percent
over the past four decades, cancer remains the leading cause of death from disease
among children. The most common types of cancer diagnosed in children ages 0 to
14 years are Leukemia’s, brain, and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors, and
Children's cancers are not always treated like adult cancers. Pediatric
oncology is a medical specialty focused on the care of children with cancer. It's
important to know that this expertise exists and that there are effective treatments
Types of Treatment
There are many types of cancer treatment. The types of treatment that a child with
cancer receives will depend on the type of cancer and how advanced it is. Common
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Treatment Effects
Children face unique issues during their treatment for cancer, after the
completion of treatment, and as survivors of cancer. For example, they may receive
more intense treatments, cancer and its treatments have different effects on
growing bodies than adult bodies, and they may respond differently to drugs that
Children who have cancer are often treated at a children’s cancer center,
cancer. Most children’s cancer centers treat patients up to age 20 (NIC, 2017). The
doctors and other health professionals at these centers have special training and
When your child is diagnosed with cancer, they will likely be confused and
scared. You can do a lot to help your child cope with the diagnosis, such as
encouraging them to express their feelings. You should also use age-appropriate
language to prepare them for what lies ahead (Denburg, 2013). Young children
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might benefit from expressing their feelings through forms of play, such as drawing
or puppet shows. Older children might be more willing to talk directly with you or
write in a journal. Regardless of age, always encourage your child to ask questions
important to maintain as many family routines and rules as possible after a cancer
diagnosis. This helps create a sense of stability not only for the child with cancer and
Referrals
Group Name: Cancer Support Community
Phone Number: 908-658-5400
Address: 3 Crossroads Dr.
Bedminster, NJ 07921
Insurance/Fee: There is no charge for the programs. “Our programs and services
empower the individual diagnosed with cancer and the caregiver to take an active
role in their journey with, through, and beyond cancer diagnosis.”
Helpful Resources:
https://www.acco.org
http://wish.org
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/guide-for-parents
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References
Doi:10.1037/hea0000119
Denburg, A. (2013, August 30). Coping with childhood cancer: Dealing with
http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/En/News/NewsAndFeatures/Pages/coping
-with-cancer.aspx
National Cancer Institute. (2017, August 30). Childhood cancers. Retrieved from
https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers#treatment
Ries, L., Melbert, D., Krapcho, M., Mariotto, A., Miller, B. A., Feuer, E. J., & Edwards, B.
from http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2004/results_merged/sect_28_childh
ood_cancer.pdf
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Parental Suicide
In the United States, each year, between 7,000 and 12,000 children lose a
parent to suicide (Johns Hopkins Medicine, 2010). When a parent dies, it’s always
painful for a child. And a parent’s death by suicide, especially a mother’s suicide, has
As with all traumatic events, the way in which kids are supported in
processing their feelings about the loss affects how successfully they will recover.
Children are very resilient, and while a parent’s suicide will never stop being an
important event in their lives, with help they can recover their emotional health and
vitality (Brown, 2007). When children experience the sudden death of a parent, they
go through what we call traumatic grieving. This kind of death is not just a painful
(Koplewicz, 2017).
Healthy Grieving
images, and feelings a child may want desperately to avoid. In the case of a suicide,
children may have feelings toward or about their parent that they feel are
unacceptable, that they want to deny. They try to block them out, by not talking or
thinking about the person they’ve lost, who they may feel has betrayed them, or
rejected them (Koplewicz, 2017). To grieve in a healthy way, it’s necessary to think
about the person you’ve lost, and allow yourself to feel sadness and pain. Kids need
to be able to remember the parent they’ve lost as a loving person despite his or her
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flaws (Koplewicz, 2017). Researchers at Johns Hopkins Children’s Center found that
children who are under 18 when their parents commit suicide are three times as
likely as children with living parents to later commit suicide themselves. This
highlights the vital importance of providing support to children who are grieving.
Not only are we treating the trauma of sudden parental loss, we are also trying to
Supporting Children
Children require simple and honest answers to their questions. They need to
know that their feelings are acceptable: anger at a mother or a father who
committed suicide is normal, and it doesn’t mean a betrayal of the love you have, or
the terrible loss you may be feeling (Koplewicz, 2017). If the person who died has
been mentally ill for a long time, a child might actually feel relieved at the death, and
that, too, he or she needs to be allowed to feel. After a suicide, children need to know
that they’re not to blame (Koplewicz, 2017). Being natural narcissists, kids tend to
put themselves at the center of the narrative: If I had behaved better, if I had come
home right after school, if I had tried harder to cheer Mom or Dad up, etc., this
wouldn’t have happened. What we want them to understand is that the parent was
ill. We did our best to help, but it didn’t succeed. This isn’t an understanding that’s
achieved in one conversation; it’s something that has to be worked on over time
(Koplewicz, 2017).
Signs of Trauma
attack, a disaster, we expect signs of recovery in about a month. But the timetable
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for grieving is less clear, so the recovery process can take longer (Koplewicz, 2017).
If a child’s sadness and withdrawal from normal activities don’t dissipate over time,
and they begin to cause impairment- refusal to go to school, changes in sleep habits,
a decrease in appetite, irritability, they can be cause for concern (Koplewicz, 2017).
The biggest sign that someone is not grieving in a natural way is a disturbed
relation to the memory of the loved one (Koplewicz, 2017). This can include
avoiding places or situations that might remind a child of the parent who died,
emotional numbing, or selective amnesia about the traumatic loss. On the other
hand, it can manifest as intrusive thoughts about the event. These all get in the way
of the process of forming memories of a parent that’s part of the healthy grieving
Referrals
Helpful Resources:
https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org
https://www.opentohope.com/?gclid=CNnb4onUnrwCFcdQOgodH1EAoA
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References
Brown, A. C., Sandler, I.N., Tein, J., Liu, X., & Haine, R. A. (2007). Implications of
Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2010, April 21). Children who lose a parent to suicide
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/children_who_los
e_a_parent_to_suicide_more_likely_to_die_the_same_way
https://childmind.org/article/coping-with-a-parents-suicide/
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Gender Identity
something else; gender expression refers to the way a person communicates gender
Sexual Orientation
Sexual orientation is about who you’re attracted to and who you feel drawn
to romantically, emotionally, and sexually. It’s different than gender identity. Gender
identity isn’t about who you’re attracted to, but about who you ARE , male, female,
transgender, etc (Planned parenthood, 2018). This means that being transgender
(feeling like your assigned sex is very different from the gender you identify with)
isn’t the same thing as being gay, lesbian, or bisexual. Sexual orientation is about
who you want to be with. Gender identity is about who you are (Planned
parenthood, 2018).
Below are definitions of the most used terms when describing gender.
Sex- Your assigned gender at birth and/or the gender of your reproductive
organs
Gender- Where you feel that you personally fall on the spectrum between male
and female. Commonly people identify as male or female, but some fall in the
Cisgender- When you identify with the gender you were assigned at birth
Transgender- When you identify with a gender different than that you were
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assigned at birth
change the sexual organs you were born with to that of a different gender.
identifies as a female
identifies as a male
Binary- The genders at each end of the gender spectrum (male and female)
Non-Binary- An umbrella term for genders that fall somewhere in the middle
of the gender spectrum and are neither strictly male or female. This can be
and female. Sometimes you feel like both genders at the same time and
Referrals
Helpful Resources
https://www.glsen.org
http://gids.nhs.uk
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References
http://www.apa.org/topics/lgbt/transgender.aspx
https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/sexual-orientation-
gender/sexual-orientation
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Sleep Deprivation
Sleep deprivation occurs when an individual fails to get enough sleep. The
amount of sleep that a person needs varies from one person to another, but on
average most adults need about seven to eight hours of sleep each night to feel alert
and well rested. Teens need an average of about nine hours of sleep per night, and
children need nine hours of nightly sleep or more, depending on their age (AASM,
Effects
deprived person is likely to fall asleep when forced to sit still in a quiet or
sleepiness can be a safety hazard, causing drowsy driving and workplace injuries
(AASM, 2008). Other effects of sleep deprivation include accidents from lack of
attention, moodiness, hunger, and other health dangers (ASA, 2018). Some more
dangerous effects of sleep deprivation include diabetes, the brain, growth, working
Common Causes
pattern of restricted sleep that is present almost daily for at least three months.
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restrict sleep time. For example, a person may lose sleep while providing home care
Work Hours- The work hours required by some occupations can produce sleep
deprivation.
Sleep disorders -reduce sleep time like insomnia, sleep apnea, RLS, and others like
Sleep disorders that interfere with the brain’s ability to stay awake, including
habits.
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Referrals
Helpful Resources
https://aasm.org
https://sleepfoundation.org
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References
from https://aasm.org/resources/factsheets/sleepdeprivation.pdf
https://www.sleepassociation.org/sleep-disorders-n/sleep-deprivation/
NHLBI (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute). National Sleep Disorders
Today’s world is more interconnected than ever before. Yet, for all its
advantages, increased connectivity brings increased risk of theft, fraud, and abuse.
vulnerable to cyber attacks such as security breaches, spear phishing, social media
fraud, and cyber bullying (Homeland Security, 2017). Cybercrime is a term for any
illegal activity that uses a computer system, the Internet, or computer technology as
Social media offers children a great way to stay in touch with their friends
and engage with the world. However, it also provides a platform to share an
abundance of private information for everyone to see. It might seem innocent at the
time, but children can easily reveal their age, birthdate, middle name, address or
even family details such as their mother’s maiden name – all things that could be
used for security questions or passwords, not just for the child’s accounts, but their
Being online obviously has its benefits, but it has its risks too and protecting
children can seem like a daunting task for parents. But by taking a cautious,
approach parents can help their children protect themselves (Hardstaff, 2017).
• When creating your password reset questions and answers, keep in mind
how easy it might be to guess the answer. Is the information readily available or
easy to research via your social media accounts? If so, it may be safer to choose a
• Avoid keeping your passwords written down and never store them on your
web browser.
• Never share a password and PINs with anyone – not even your best friend.
• Never give your information to someone you don’t know in the real world.
• And parents don’t forget to download and install anti-virus and online
security software which helps protect your computer from outside attacks, such
as malware and viruses that could try to steal information off your computer
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Referrals
Helpful Resources
https://staysafeonline.org/resource/what-to-do-if-you-are-a-victim-of-cybercrime/
https://www.dhs.gov/topic/cybersecurity
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References
Hardstaff, L. (2017). Helping your child stay safe from cybercrime. Retrieved from
http://parentinfo.org/article/helping-your-child-stay-safe-from-cybercrime
Homeland Security. (2017, June 20). Combating cyber crime. Retrieved from
https://www.dhs.gov/topic/combating-cyber-crime
http://1800victims.org/crime-type/cyber-bullying/