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C3 - Bearing Capacity For Shallow Foundation PDF
C3 - Bearing Capacity For Shallow Foundation PDF
C3 - Bearing Capacity For Shallow Foundation PDF
WEEK 8 - 9 ~ CHAP. 3
BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION
TEACHING LECTURER ;
PM. IR. HJ. BAHARDIN BAHAROM
HJH. FAUZILAH ISMAIL
HAIROL ANUAR HARON
DIANA CHE LAT
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Week 8-9 :Coverage ~ Definition of bearing capacity terms,
failure mechanisms in shallow foundation, determination of
ultimate bearing capacity
Learning outcomes:
At the end of this lecture/week the students would
be able to:
OUTLINE of PRESENTATION
3.1 Introduction & Types of Foundation
3.2 Factors in the Design of Shallow
Foundations and modes of failure
3.3 Definitions of Bearing Capacity Terms
3.4 Ultimate Bearing capacity of Shallow
Foundations
Types of foundations
D
D
B
B
D/B < 1 or D < 3.0 m
B
D/B > 4
FACTORS IN DESIGN
3.2 FACTORS IN THE DESIGN OF SHALLOW
FOUNDATIONS
FACTORS IN DESIGN
1) Adequate depth
Df – the depth below the surface to the base of the foundation must be
sufficient to prevent any adverse effects due to changes in surface
conditions such as erosion due to rainfall and surface runoff
2) Factor of safety
3) Limiting settlement
Shear plane starts from one side and ends within the soil.
Adjacent bulging may occur but little tilting.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
3.3 DEFINITION OF BEARING CAPACITY
DEFINITION OF TERMS
3.3.1 Ultimate bearing capacity, qf
qf is the intensity of bearing pressure at which the
supporting ground is expected to fail in shear i.e. a
collapse will take place.
Terzaghi (1943) proposed a formula to determine qf
(general shear failure) as below;
B B
q f cN c 1 0.3 σ o N q 0.5 B ' N 1 0.2
L L
DEFINITION OF TERMS
qnf q f o'
where ;
qf = ultimate bearing capacity (Terzaghi’s equation)
o = overburden pressure adjacent to the foundation OR
pressure relief due to excavation.
o = Df (if no gwt)
’o = zw + (sat - w )hw (with gwt above the base), thus giving
= zw + ’hw
zw gwt
Df sat
hw
o ’o
B
Soil Engineering ECG353/ECG213/Pasir Gudang Campus/FBI 18
CHAP 3:BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION
DEFINITION OF TERMS
3.3.2 Net bearing pressure (qn)
Also known as net foundation pressure OR net loading
intensity.
qn is the net change in total stress experienced by the soil at
the base of the foundation; this being the difference between
the total applied stress (q) and the stress removed due to
excavation (σo ).
o = Df (if no gwt) o ’o
’o = zw + ’hw (with gwt above the base) B
Soil Engineering ECG353/ECG213/Pasir Gudang Campus/FBI 19
CHAP 3:BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION
DEFINITION OF TERMS
DEFINITION OF TERMS
q f - 'o
qa 'o
F
Soil Engineering ECG353/ECG213/Pasir Gudang Campus/FBI 22
CHAP 3:BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION
o The base of the footing is rough & suitable for General Shear
Failure mode only
q f qc qq q
1st term 2nd term 3rd term
cohesion surcharge unit weight
Nc, Nq and N are bearing capacity factors depending on angle ’ of the soil.
Soil Engineering ECG353/ECG213/Pasir Gudang Campus/FBI 25
CHAP 3:BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION
B B
q f cN c 1 0.3 σ o N q 0.5B ' N 1 0.2 for general shear failure
L L
Nc, Nq and N are bearing capacity factors depending on angle ’ of the soil.
(i)
o' γ' D γ' γsat γw
(ii) o' zw γ' hw γ' γsat γw
o o (iii)
o γD γ' γsat γw
(iv)
o γD
within B depth
Dw D f
sat w 1
(above passive '
zone)
B
(v)
o γD
passive zone
(below B depth) γ' γ
Whitlow, R.
page 464
Soil Engineering ECG353/ECG213/Pasir Gudang Campus/FBI 29
CHAP 3:BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION
q f cu N c ' D f
qnf cu N c for square footing
Skempton’s values for Nc for undrained conditions (for clays and silts)
Soil Engineering ECG353/ECG213/Pasir Gudang Campus/FBI 31
CHAP 3:BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION
Example 1
Example 2
REMINDER DATELINE!!!
END OF WEEK 9
W10 – W12
CHAPTER 4
INTRODUCTION TO SLOPE
STABILITY
Soil Engineering ECG353/ECG213/Pasir Gudang Campus/FBI
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TUTORIAL CHAPTER 3
Tutorial 3.1
Tutorial 3.2
Tutorial 3.3