Adjectives

What are adjectives?

1. Adjectives are used to clarify nouns.

2. Adjectives can me one word or a group of words.
3. Adjectives are sometimes used with certain verbs (such as the verb "to be"). Adjectives
are used to clarify the subject that is doing the action.
4. Adjectives are used to describe color, material, shape, size, amount, price, quality,
origin, personality, weight, temperature, weight, age, direction, etc.

Adjectives usage

1. Adjectives are placed before the noun.

2. Adjectives can be used with all forms of nouns (see nouns).

Examples:

Adjectives with nouns:

 My teacher is really nice.

 My was teaching in a really big high school, while I was going working on my masters
degree.
 The university that my oldest brother is going to is really nice.
 The English teacher gave us a hard project.

Adjective with verbs:

 The teacher is tall and thin.

 Our professor is a really nice man.

Adjectives With Nouns

How to use English Adjectives?

In English, most cases the adjectives come before the nouns.

In English, it is very common to use more than one adjective, there is a specific order which is
stated below :

Determiner and Quantities - a, an, her, five, many, much several etc.

Opinion - pretty, ugly, smart, cheap, etc.

Size - big, fat, thin, tall, large, small etc.

Shape - circle, square, tall, etc.

Age - old, young 10 years, a year, a week, new etc.

Color - yellow, green, pink etc.

Origin - American, English, Asian, Middle Eastern, African, European, Chinese

 Material - cotton, wood, plastic, cloth, glass, gold.

Purpose - the reason that something is needed ( example hat box, sleeping bag, computer
table).

Comparative Adjectives

When is a comparative adjective used?

Comparative adjectives are used when:

 Two things are being compared.

 To point out the difference in two things.

Note: Comparative adjectives are only used to compare 2 things. In English, comparative
adjectives are not used to compare 3 or more things.

Examples:

 The black dog is older than the white dog.

 My house is bigger than my sister's house.
 The yellow hat is more expansive than the green hat.

The Structure of Comparative Adjectives

What is the structure of comparative adjectives?

Comparative adjectives are divided into 2 groups "short words" and "long words".

Note: "Than" is usually used after the comparative adjective.

Short words - words with 1 syllable or words with 2 syllables if the word ends in -y. -est is
added to the end of the word.


Notes:

Adjectives ending in -y change the -y to I and add -er.

Adjective that end with a consonant, vowel, consonant - the last consonant is doubled and -er is
added to the end of the adjective.

Examples
 cold - colder  early - earlier  big -bigger
 small - smaller  happy - happier  fat- fatter

 tall - taller  crazy - crazier  hot -hotter

Long words - words with 3 more syllables, and words with 2 syllables that don't end in -y. The
word "more" is placed before the adjective.

Note: Adjectives that end in -e, only -r is added to end of the adjective.

Examples
 honest - most honest  expensive - most expensive
 difficult- most difficult  difficult - most difficult

 modern - more modern  comfortable - most comfortable

 Superlative Adjective
What are superlative adjectives?

Superlative adjectives are used to define the highest degree of a noun. Superlative adjectives
are used only if 3 or more things or people are being compared.

Examples:

 The black dog is the biggest.

 The house at the end of the street is the nicest.
 My mother's pizza is the best.

What structure of superlative adjectives?

The structure of superlative adjectives are divided into 2 groups "short words" and "long
words".

Short words - words with 1 syllable or words with 2 syllables if the word ends in -y. -est is
added to the end of the word.

 Adjectives ending in -y change the -y to I and add -est.

 Adjective that end with a consonant, vowel, consonant - the last consonant is doubled and -est is
added to the end of the adjective.

Examples
 early - earliest  big -biggest
 nice -nicest
 happy - happiest  fat- fattest
 safe -safest
 crazy - craziest  hot -hottest

Long words - words with 3 more syllables, and words with 2 syllables that don't end in -y. The
word "most" is placed before the adjective.

Note: Adjectives that end in -e, only -r is added to end of the adjective.

Examples
 honest - most honest  expensive - most expensive
 difficult- most difficult  difficult - most difficult

 modern - more modern  comfortable - most comfortable