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Burkard
Burkard
Burkard
Robert Burkard
University at Buffalo
18 November 2011
Why quantify/verify/calibrate acoustic
signals?
dB IL = 10log(I/10-12 W/m2)
Again from Speaks (1996):
I = Prms2/ρos
Where I is sound intensity, P is pressure, and ρo is ambient density of the
medium, and s is the speed of sound in the medium; ρos is known as
characteristic impedance of the medium.
I ~ Prms2
Also, at room temperature and at sea level,
10-12 W/m2 is equal to 20 µPa; substituting:
dB IL = 10log(I/10-12 W/m2)
dB SPL = 10log(P2/20 µPa2)
dB SPL = 10log(P/20 µPa)2
dB SPL = 20log(P/20 µPa)
Another definition from ANSI S3.20-1995:
20log1.414 = 3 dB
Most measure SPL with a sound level meter. When
using either a TDH-39, -49 or -50, or an, e.g.,
Etymotic ER3A insert earphone, this measurement
system is comprised of:
B&K 1986
Filtering
Condenser microphone
-Most require 200 V polarization voltage
-may require voltage amplifier, to increase voltage
-the larger the microphone (1”, ½”, ¼”, 1/8”), the
greater the sensitivity
-The smaller the microphone, the higher the upper
cutoff frequency
Sensitivity: mV/Pa:
46.8 mV/Pa
20log.0468 = -26.6
Some possibilities:
Same microphone:
Microphone sensitivity 50 mV/Pa
40 dB gain in conditioning amplifier
Measure 1 volt peak voltage for click:
Robert Burkard
27 June 2011
(IERASG)
Introduction
IEC 60645-3 recommends using peak-to-peak peak
equivalent sound pressure level (p-p peSPL) for the
calibration of acoustic transients. RETSPLs of transients
recommended by ISO 389-6 are based on p-p peSPL.
Measure bpV:
dB pSPL = 20log(bpV/Vref) + 94
dB b-p peSPL = 20log (bpV/Vref/1.414) + 94
Measure ppV:
A
bpV ppV
bpV
ppV
B C
IEC 318 #2 (BB); 2 cc couplers: HA 2 1” and ½”, Occluded ear simulator
NBS 9A
IEC 318 TM
HA-2, 2 cc coupler, 1” microphone
2 cc, HA-2, ½” microphone
HA-1, 2 cc, ½” microphone
Occluded Ear Simulator, with rigid tube
Occluded Ear Simulator
Foam
Insert Earphones:
6 ER-3A from Etymotic (thank you): 2 10 ohm, 2 50 ohm, 2 300 ohm (soft tube)
7 EAR insert earphones: various impedances, both soft and more rigid tubing
Supra-aural Earphones:
Measurements:
Calculate pSPL, b-p peSPL, p-p peSPL from voltage measurements, and
calculate mean values
115 110
110
39-1
105
105 39-2
49-1
dB SPL
dB SPL
39-3
100 100 49-2
39-4
49-3
95 39-5
95
39-6
90
85 90
100 1000 10000 100 1000 10000
Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz)
110 110
105 105
50-1
dB SPL
TDH-39
dB SPL
100 50-2 100 TDH-49
50-3 TDH-50
95 95
90 90
100 1000 10000 100 1000 10000
Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz)
Etymotic versus EAR: constant SPL @ 1008 Hz
Insert 1 - 6 Insert 11 - 17
120 120
dB SPL
dB SPL
Insert-3
90 90 Insert-14
Insert-4
Insert-15
80 80
Insert-5
Insert-16
Insert-6 70
70 Insert-17
60 60
100 1000 10000 100000 100 1000 10000 100000
Insert Comparison
120
110
100
dB SPL
Insert 1 - 6
90
Insert 11 - 17
80
70
60
100 1000 10000 100000
Frequency (Hz)
Peak SPL (oscilloscope) – Peak SPL (SLM)
Supra-aural Earphones
Supra-aural Earphones
Insert Earphones
Insert Earphones
1. pSPL as measured by the LD 824 SLM using the peak hold mode
(Flat) typically produces a click level within several tenths of a dB
from that observed using the AC output of the SLM, using
procedures similar to those used to measure peSPL.
a. The integration time required for the SLM peak-detector circuit, which
would lead to a lower SPL in the peak-hold value of the SLM.
b. Spurious noise in the room or from the earphone. This could lead to
a high-level transient that could produce a value from the SLM peak-
hold circuit that exceeds that using the peSPL approach.
4. The difference in peSPL using the p-p and b-p
approaches varies across earphone type, coupler
used, and microphone used. There is also some
variation across individual transducers within a
specific type of transducer.
Speaks 1996
Spectral Analyses: