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Gases Serve As Anesthetics Liquid Alkanes Light Liquids Harmful To Lungs Heavy Liquids Mineral Oil Petroleum Jelly
Gases Serve As Anesthetics Liquid Alkanes Light Liquids Harmful To Lungs Heavy Liquids Mineral Oil Petroleum Jelly
* Liquid alkanes
* Light liquids
* Harmful to lungs
* Heavy liquids
* Mineral oil
* Petroleum jelly
*
* Objectives
*
* Determine the chemical properties of alkanes
* Chemical Properties
* Do not react with many laboratory agents
* Usually very flammable
* Undergo combustion reactions
* 2 CH4 + 3 O2 → 2 CO + 4 H2O
* (Harmful carbon monoxide reaction)
* Have one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by
halogen atoms
* Usually these are formed under UV light or very high
temps
*
* First part of name is alkyl group
* Second part is the halogen,
ending in –ide
* Name these:
* CH3CH2Br * Ethyl bromide
* (CH3)2CHCl
* Isopropyl chloride
* CH3I
* Methyl iodide
* CH3CH2CH2F
* Propyl flouride
*
* Rules similar to those used for naming alkanes
* Substitute in the prefixes fluoro-, chloro-,
bromo-, and iodo-
*
* 2-chloropentane
* 4-bromo-2-methylhexane
* 2-chloro-3-methylbutane
* * 1-bromo-3-chloro-4-
* methylpentane
* Carbon atoms that are joined in a ring or circle
* Simplest: cyclopropane
* Another: cyclohexane
*
* Add cyclo-
* Otherwise fairly similar to
regular naming
*
* Cyclopentane
* 1-ethyl-2-
methylcyclopentane
* 1-ethyl-1,2,5,5-
tetramethylcycloheptane
*
*
* Objectives
* Define alkene
* Name alkenes using IUPAC rules
* End in -ene
* Unsaturated hydrocarbons
* 5-methyl-2-hexene
*
* Answers 6-dimethyl-2-
heptene
* 2-ethyl-1-butene
* 4-ethyl-2-methyl-2-hexene
* 1-methylcyclohexene
* 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene
*
* 3,4-dimethyl-2-
pentene * Answers
* 3-ethyl-2-methyl-1-
hexene
* 3-isopropyl
cyclopentene
*
* Objectives
* Determine the properties of alkenes
* Similar to alkanes
* Occur widely in nature
* Ethylene
* Triggers fruit ripening
* Can be used artifically
* Others
* Carotene
* Vitamin A
*
* Fruit coloring
*
* Define addition reactions
* Discuss hydrogenation and hydration
* Write equations for reactions between alkenes
and other substances
* One of the bonds in the double bond is broken and
each of the involved carbon atoms then bonds to
another atom or group
* Hydrogenation—addition of hydrogen to an
unsaturated molecule
*
* Alkenes readily add halogen molecules
*
*
* Write equations for the
reaction between
CH3CH=CHCH3 and
each of the following
* H2
* Br2
* H2O (H2SO4 catalyst)
*
* Write equations for the reaction of with
each of the following.
* H2 (Ni catalyst)
* Cl2
* H2O (H2SO4 catalyst)