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    Coronaria Arteri Desease (Cad)

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    Lany Septiani
    Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a heart disease caused by damage or thickening of the walls of the coronary arteries, affecting blood supply to the myocardium. Permanent damage to blood flow can cause myocardium dysfunction including sudden death. It has various risk factors like hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, stress, lack of exercise, obesity, diabetes, and increasing age. CAD occurs when arteries narrow limiting oxygen-rich blood flow to the heart. Symptoms include chest pain and discomfort that may spread to the left arm. Diagnosis and treatment focus on reducing risk factors, using medications to improve blood flow, and procedures like angioplasty for severe cases.

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    Coronaria Arteri Desease (Cad)

    Uploaded by

    Lany Septiani
    22 views2 pages
    Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a heart disease caused by damage or thickening of the walls of the coronary arteries, affecting blood supply to the myocardium. Permanent damage to blood flow can cause myocardium dysfunction including sudden death. It has various risk factors like hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, stress, lack of exercise, obesity, diabetes, and increasing age. CAD occurs when arteries narrow limiting oxygen-rich blood flow to the heart. Symptoms include chest pain and discomfort that may spread to the left arm. Diagnosis and treatment focus on reducing risk factors, using medications to improve blood flow, and procedures like angioplasty for severe cases.

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    Coronaria Arteri Desease(Cad)

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    Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a heart disease caused by damage or thickening of the walls of the coronary arteries, affecting blood supply to the myocardium. Permanent damage to blood flow can cause myocardium dysfunction including sudden death. It has various risk factors like hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, stress, lack of exercise, obesity, diabetes, and increasing age. CAD occurs when arteries narrow limiting oxygen-rich blood flow to the heart. Symptoms include chest pain and discomfort that may spread to the left arm. Diagnosis and treatment focus on reducing risk factors, using medications to improve blood flow, and procedures like angioplasty for severe cases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    22 views2 pages

    Coronaria Arteri Desease (Cad)

    Uploaded by

    Lany Septiani
    Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a heart disease caused by damage or thickening of the walls of the coronary arteries, affecting blood supply to the myocardium. Permanent damage to blood flow can cause myocardium dysfunction including sudden death. It has various risk factors like hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, stress, lack of exercise, obesity, diabetes, and increasing age. CAD occurs when arteries narrow limiting oxygen-rich blood flow to the heart. Symptoms include chest pain and discomfort that may spread to the left arm. Diagnosis and treatment focus on reducing risk factors, using medications to improve blood flow, and procedures like angioplasty for severe cases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    CORONARIA ARTERI DESEASE (CAD)

    A. PENGERTIAN

    Coronaria arteri disease adalah penyakit jantung yang disebabkan karena adanya
    kerusakan atau penebalan pada dinding arteri coronaria yang akhirnya mempengaruhi suplai
    darah pada myocardium. Kerusakan permanen pada aliran darah menyebabkan tidak
    berfungsinya myocardium termasuk kematian mendadak.

    B. ETIOLOGI

    Penyebab pasti dari penyakit coronaria arteri disease (CAD belum diketahui secara pasti,
    namun banyak faktor resiko yang dapat menimbulkan penyakit ini.
    Faktor resiko dapat dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu :

    1. Faktor resiko mayor terdiri dari :

    a. Hypertensi
    b. Hyperkolesterolmia
    c. Merokok

    2. Faktor minor terdiri dari :

    a. Stress
    b. Olah raga kurang
    c. Obesitas
    d. DM
    e. Usia

    C. POTOFISIOLOGI

    Coronaria Arteri Disease (CAD) adalah suatu penyakit pada arteri koroner yang meliputi
    berbagai kondisi patologi yang menghambat aliran darah dalam arteri untuk mensuplai oksigen.

    Ada 4 (empat) faktor utama yang menentukan besarnya kebutuhan oksigen myokardium
    yaitu :

    1. Frekuensi denyut jantung


    2. Daya kontraksi
    3. Masa oto dan
    4. Tegangan dinding ventrikel

    Bila kerja jantung meningkat maka kebutuhan oksigen akan meningkat, aliran pembuluh koroner
    harus ditingkatkan, rangsangan yang paling kuat untuk menditalasi arteri koroner dan
    menigkatkan aliran pembuluh koroner adalah hipolisia jaringan lokal.
    D. GEJALA KLINIK

    1. Keluhan nyeri substernal pada darah prekardial / epigostrium terasa seperti


    tertekan benda berat, ditusuk-tusuk dan rasa panas yang sukarr diuraikan.

    2. Nyeri dada yang menjalar ke lengan kiri sampai ke ujung dari jari tengah
    kadang terasa kesemutan.

    3. Keringat banyak, hipotensi, sesak nafas, nadi permulaan lambat, kemudian


    agak cepat.

    E. PENATALAKSANAAN

    Penatalaksanaan klien dengan Coronaria Arteri Disease (CAD) hanya bersifat foliatif :

    1. Dengan obat trombolitik, nitroglycerin, betabloker, dan kalsium antagonis

    2. Tanpa trombolisis yaitu dengan mengurangi penyebab yang dapat dirubah

    3. PTCA (Percutaneus Tranluinal Coronaria Angioplasty) dilakukan pada


    klien yang tidak berespon pada pengobatan.

    F. DIAGNOSA KEPERAWATAN

    1. Penurunan cardiac output b/d berkurangnya kontraksi myocardium

    2. Gangguan rasa nyaman nyeri b/d tidak seimbangnya suplai oksigen pada
    myocardium.

    3. Cemas sedang b/d perubahan status kesehatan, perubahan peran dan


    ancaman kematian.

    4. Kurang pengetahuan b/d kurang informasi tentang penyakit.

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