This document contains 9 problems related to calculating vacancy concentrations in various materials at different temperatures. The problems calculate:
1) The equilibrium number of vacancies per cubic meter in copper at 1000°C.
2) The number of vacancies per cm3 expected in copper at 1080°C.
3) The energy required to create vacancies in aluminium given that the fraction of vacant lattice points is 10-3 at 660°C.
4) The fraction and number of vacancies per cm3 in palladium given its density, atomic weight, and lattice parameter.
5) The fraction and number of vacancies per cm3 in beryllium given its density, atomic weight
This document contains 9 problems related to calculating vacancy concentrations in various materials at different temperatures. The problems calculate:
1) The equilibrium number of vacancies per cubic meter in copper at 1000°C.
2) The number of vacancies per cm3 expected in copper at 1080°C.
3) The energy required to create vacancies in aluminium given that the fraction of vacant lattice points is 10-3 at 660°C.
4) The fraction and number of vacancies per cm3 in palladium given its density, atomic weight, and lattice parameter.
5) The fraction and number of vacancies per cm3 in beryllium given its density, atomic weight
This document contains 9 problems related to calculating vacancy concentrations in various materials at different temperatures. The problems calculate:
1) The equilibrium number of vacancies per cubic meter in copper at 1000°C.
2) The number of vacancies per cm3 expected in copper at 1080°C.
3) The energy required to create vacancies in aluminium given that the fraction of vacant lattice points is 10-3 at 660°C.
4) The fraction and number of vacancies per cm3 in palladium given its density, atomic weight, and lattice parameter.
5) The fraction and number of vacancies per cm3 in beryllium given its density, atomic weight
This document contains 9 problems related to calculating vacancy concentrations in various materials at different temperatures. The problems calculate:
1) The equilibrium number of vacancies per cubic meter in copper at 1000°C.
2) The number of vacancies per cm3 expected in copper at 1080°C.
3) The energy required to create vacancies in aluminium given that the fraction of vacant lattice points is 10-3 at 660°C.
4) The fraction and number of vacancies per cm3 in palladium given its density, atomic weight, and lattice parameter.
5) The fraction and number of vacancies per cm3 in beryllium given its density, atomic weight
Calculate the equilibrium number of vacancies per cubic meter for copper at 1000oC. The energy for vacancy formation is 0.9 eV/atom; the atomic weight and density (at 1000 oC) for copper are 63.5 g/mol and 8.4 g/cm3, respectively.
Nv = 2.2 x 1025 vacancies/m3
Problem 02-04 (Askeland Example 4.1-4.4)
Problem 05 (Askeland Problem 4-2)
• Calculate the number of vacancies per cm3 expected in copper at 1080C (just below the melting temperature). The activation energy for vacancy formation is 20,000 cal/mol. ( ao for copper= 3.6151 10 )
4.97 x 10 vacancies/
Problem 06 (Askeland Problem 4-3)
• The fraction of lattice points occupied by vacancies in solid aluminium at 660 oC is 10-3. What is the energy required to create vacancies in aluminium?
Q = 12,800 cal/mol
Problem 07 (Askeland Problem 4-4)
The density of a sample of FCC palladium is 11.98 g/cm3 and its lattice parameter is 3.8902 Å. Atomic weight of Pd is 106.4 gm/mol. • Calculate (a) the fraction of the lattice points that contain vacancies and • (b) the total number of vacancies in a cubic centimetre of Pd. Fraction of the vacant sites = (4-3.9905)/4 = 0.002375 n = 1.61 x 10 20 vacancies/
Problem 8 (Askeland Problem 4-5)
The density of a sample of HCP beryllium is 1.844 g/cm3, atomic weight 9.01 gm/mol and the lattice parameters are a0=0.22858 nm and c0=0.35842 nm. • Calculate (a) the fraction of the lattice points that contain vacancies • and (b) the total number of vacancies in a cubic centimetre.
Fraction of the vacant sites = (2-1.9984)/2 = .0008