HENDRI HERMAWAN - 03111750020004

Let’s assume the simplified 1 DOF system shown below: - Self-weight of all elements is neglected.

 Material used is steel E = 2 x 1011 N/m2

 v = 0.3

 h=3m

 m = 1500 kg

 I = 6.03 x 10-6 m4
Use modal analysis to find the fundamental frequencies. In addition there is a harmonic concentrated load
at each of the top level F(t).

Solution:

Modal Analysis: We need to know the natural frequency and period of this structure. A run for SAP2000 will
result T = 0.93 sec

 A simple grid system may be X(0,1,2), Y(0), Z(3)

 Boundary Displacement Conditions Assign a fixed restraint to the base of our element.

 Since we are just looking for the dynamic properties of our structure we don’t need a loading
condition, but we need to assign a concentrated mass (m) to the top of our column.

 Analyze the System Simplify analysis by choosing XZ Plane in “Set Analysis Options” menu Make
sure to set MODAL to run in the “Run Analysis” dialogue box, no need to run Static analysis.

Time History Analysis: Since we have the dynamic Concentrated Load at the top level, we need to add a
concentrated static unit load in the Dead Load Case, even if we don’t need to run the static load Analysis.

 Define the Harmonic function, Menu Define > Functions > Time History

 Input txt file with seismic data, in this paper we will use YERMO earthquake

 Set NON LINEAR and Scale Factor has been used is 9.81 m/s2

 Time Step Data in accordance with YERMO Function, in this case use 4000 steps and 0.02 interval

 Specify direct integration numerical perturbation.

 Define Hinge properties, in this paper we will use “Moment-M3”. And place it at bottom of our
column

RUN ANALYSIS RESULT :

TABLE: Base Reactions

OutputCase CaseType StepType GlobalFX GlobalFY GlobalFZ GlobalMX GlobalMY GlobalMZ
Text Text Text N N N N-m N-m N-m
TH NonDirHist Max 24593162.49 0 0 0 5107023.66 0
TH NonDirHist Min -20238547.3 0 0 0 -4111275.43 0

Note: output for Base Reaction

TABLE: Modal Periods And Frequencies
OutputCase StepType StepNum Period Frequency CircFreq Eigenvalue
Text Text Unitless Sec Cyc/sec rad/sec rad2/sec2
MODAL Mode 1 0.024857 40.229 252.77 63892
MODAL Mode 2 0.003173 315.12 1979.9 3920100
MODAL Mode 3 0.002566 389.77 2449 5997700
MODAL Mode 4 0.001543 648.16 4072.5 16585000

Note: output for Natural Freq and Period

TABLE: Joint Displacements

Joint OutputCase CaseType StepType U1 U2 U3 R1 R2 R3
Text Text Text Text m m m Radians Radians Radians
1 TH NonDirHist Max 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 TH NonDirHist Min 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 TH NonDirHist Max 1.035515 0 0 0 0.035885 0
2 TH NonDirHist Min -0.112482 0 0 0 -0.046662 0
3 TH NonDirHist Max 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 TH NonDirHist Min 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 TH NonDirHist Max 1.035473 0 0 0 0.035885 0
4 TH NonDirHist Min -0.112465 0 0 0 -0.046662 0
5 TH NonDirHist Max 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 TH NonDirHist Min 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 TH NonDirHist Max 1.035473 0 0 0 0.035885 0
6 TH NonDirHist Min -0.112465 0 0 0 -0.046662 0

Note : output for Joint Displacement at tip of the column

COMPARATION WITH PYTHON 3.6.5

Input Variables will be :

 Structure Periode : 0.024857 s (according SAP output)

 Ductility Value/Design : 1
 First Yield Displacement : 0.0895 (Step 250)
 Mass : 1500 kg
 Time Interval : 0.02s
Python output figure 1:YERMO Earthquake

Python output figure 2

 Python output figure 3

CONCLUSION :

 There are some differences seems to appear at the results between both analysis tools.

 SAP2000 Nonlinear TH Analysis using optional time integration Newmark (for other options :
HHT, Wilson, Collocation, Chung method), which may lead into siginificant big difference result
due to convergence issue.

 In python script, the integration only use newmark method. It is suggested to use Runge-Kutta
method for time integration loop.

SUGGESTION :

 Need for further experimental calculation to comparing time integrating issue.

 For well-behaved problems, it is recommend using the Newmark method with β = 1/4, which
yields the constant average acceleration method

 For poorly converging nonlinear time-history cases, the Hilber-Hughes-Taylor (HHT) method with
0 < α ≤ -1/3 will be recommended. During HHT application, when α = 0, formulation is identical to
 the average acceleration method, so HHT will actually suffice for all problems. Note that all nodes
should have mass, and rotational inertia may be added to improve dynamic response.

 The Newmark method is unconditionally stable only when 2 β ≥ γ ≥ 1/2, which is why it is
recommend using β = 1/4. When β = 1/6, which yields the linear acceleration method, formulation
is only conditionally stable, and can become unstable when dt/T > 2√ 3/(2π), where dt is the time
step and T is the shortest structural period which is excited by loading. The shortest period may
be obtained during modal analysis such that time step may be coordinated to ensure
convergence.