Binary Addition

**Reminder: 1 + 1 = 10**

Questions

1. 101 + 11 =1000

2. 111 + 111 =1110

3. 1010 + 1010 =10100

4. 11101 + 1010 =100111

5. 11111 + 11111 =111110

Binary Subtraction

**Reminder: 10 - 1 = 1**

Questions

6. 110 - 10 =100

7. 101 - 11 =10

8. 1001 - 11 =110

9. 1101 - 11 =1010

10. 10001 - 100 =1101

Binary Multiplication

**Hint: very similar to decimal multiplication**

Questions

11. 10 x 10 =100

12. 100 x 11 =1100

13. 101 x 10 =1010

14. 1011 x 11 =100001

15. 11011 x 101 =10000111

Binary Division

**Hint: very similar to decimal division**

Questions

16. 100 / 10 =10

17. 111 / 11 =10 R=1

18. 1010 / 100 =10=R=10

19. 1101 / 11 =100 R=1

20. 10111 / 10 =1011 r=1

Binary Addition

Binary addition follows the same rules as addition in the decimal system except that rather than
carrying a 1 over when the values added equal 10, carry over occurs when the result of addition
equals 2. Refer to the example below for clarification.
Note that in the binary system:

0+0=0

0+1=1

1+0=1

1 + 1 = 0, carry over the 1, i.e. 10

EX:

10 11 11 10 1

+ 1 0 1 1 1

= 1 0 0 1 0 0

The only real difference between binary and decimal addition is that the value 2 in the binary
system is the equivalent of 10 in the decimal system. Note that the superscripted 1's represent
digits that are carried over. A common mistake to watch out for when conducting binary addition
is in the case where 1 + 1 = 0 also has a 1 carried over from the previous column to its right. The
value at the bottom should then be 1 from the carried over 1 rather than 0. This can be observed
in the third column from the right in the above example.

Binary Subtraction

Similarly to binary addition, there is little difference between binary and decimal subtraction
except those that arise from using only the digits 0 and 1. Borrowing occurs in any instance
where the number that is subtracted is larger than the number it is being subtracted from. In
binary subtraction, the only case where borrowing is necessary is when 1 is subtracted from 0.
When this occurs, the 0 in the borrowing column essentially becomes "2" (changing the 0-1 into
2-1 = 1) while reducing the 1 in the column being borrowed from by 1. If the following column is
also 0, borrowing will have to occur from each subsequent column until a column with a value of
1 can be reduced to 0. Refer to the example below for clarification.

Note that in the binary system:

0-0=0

0 - 1 = 1, borrow 1, resulting in -1 carried over

1-0=1

1-1=0

EX1:

-11 20 1 1 1

– 0 1 1 0 1

= 0 1 0 1 0

EX2:

-11 2-10 0

– 0 1 1

= 0 0 1

Note that the superscripts displayed are the changes that occur to each bit when borrowing. The
borrowing column essentially obtains 2 from borrowing, and the column that is borrowed from
is reduced by 1.

Binary Multiplication

Binary multiplication is arguably simpler than its decimal counterpart. Since the only values used
are 0 and 1, the results that must be added are either the same as the first term, or 0. Note that
in each subsequent row, placeholder 0's need to be added, and the value shifted to the left, just
like in decimal multiplication. The complexity in binary multiplication arises from tedious binary
addition dependent on how many bits are in each term. Refer to the example below for
clarification.

Note that in the binary system:

0×0=0

0×1=0

1×0=0

1×1=1

EX:

1 0 1 1 1

× 1 1

1 0 1 1 1

+ 1 0 1 1 1 0

= 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

As can be seen in the example above, the process of binary multiplication is the same as it is in
decimal multiplication. Note that the 0 placeholder is written in the second line. Typically the 0
placeholder is not visually present in decimal multiplication. While the same can be done in this
example (with the 0 placeholder being assumed rather than explicit), it is included in this
example because the 0 is relevant for any binary addition / subtraction calculator, like the one
provided on this page. Without the 0 being shown, it would be possible to make the mistake of
excluding the 0 when adding the binary values displayed above. Note again that in the binary
system, any 0 to the right of a 1 is relevant, while any 0 to the left of the last 1 in the value is not.

EX:

10101100

=0010101100

≠1010110000

Binary Division

The process of binary division is similar to long division in the decimal system. The dividend is
still divided by the divisor in the same manner, with the only significant difference being the use
of binary rather than decimal subtraction. Note that a good understanding of binary subtraction
is important for conducting binary division. Refer to the example below, as well as to the binary
subtraction section for clarification.