11.

9 The Method 343

Next we inscribe a regular polygon having 2n sides in this circle, with its first side spaced
symmetrically about the x axis. Perpendiculars dropped from each jth vertex now intersect
the diameter Llx at the precision position value of Xj. Figure I 1.13b illustrates the con-
struction for the numerical example before.
It should be noted that Chebychev spacing is a good approximation of precision posi-
tions that will reduce structural error in the design; depending on the accuracy require-
ments of the problem, it may be satisfactory. If additional accuracy is required, then by
plotting a curve of structural error versus x we can usually determine visually the adjust-
ments to be made in the choice of precision positions for another trial.
Before closing this section, however, we should note two more problems that can arise
to confound the designer in using precision positions for synthesis. These are called branch
defect and order defect. Branch defect refers to a possible completed design that meets all
of the prescribed requirements at each of the precision positions, but which cannot· be
moved continuously between these positions without being taken apart and reassembled.
Order defect refers to a developed linkage that can reach all of the precision positions, but
not in the desired order. 7

Synthesis of a function generator, say, using the overlay method, is the easiest and quick-
est of all methods to use. It is not always possible to obtain a solution, and sometimes the
accuracy is rather poor. Theoretically, however, one can employ as many precision posi-
tions as are desired in the process.
Let us design a function generator to solve the equation

Suppose we choose six precision positions of the linkage for this example and use uniform
spacing of the output rocker. Table 11.2 shows the values of x and y, rounded, and the cor-
responding angles selected for the input and output rockers.
The first step in the synthesis is shown in Fig. 11.14a. We use a sheet of tracing paper
and construct the input rocker 02A in all its positions. This requires an arbitrary choice
for the length of 02A. Also, on this sheet, we choose another arbitrary length for the cou-
pler AB and draw arcs numbered 1 to 6 using Al to A6, respectively, as centers.