This document discusses the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of sinonasal and laryngeal tumors. It outlines the principles of diagnosis which include obtaining a medical history focusing on clinical manifestations, risk factors, and performing physical examinations including endoscopy and biopsies. It also discusses various supporting medical examinations like X-rays, CT scans, PET scans, and MRI which are important for staging and determining if the cancer has spread. Differential diagnoses are also considered to help determine the most likely diagnosis.
This document discusses the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of sinonasal and laryngeal tumors. It outlines the principles of diagnosis which include obtaining a medical history focusing on clinical manifestations, risk factors, and performing physical examinations including endoscopy and biopsies. It also discusses various supporting medical examinations like X-rays, CT scans, PET scans, and MRI which are important for staging and determining if the cancer has spread. Differential diagnoses are also considered to help determine the most likely diagnosis.
This document discusses the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of sinonasal and laryngeal tumors. It outlines the principles of diagnosis which include obtaining a medical history focusing on clinical manifestations, risk factors, and performing physical examinations including endoscopy and biopsies. It also discusses various supporting medical examinations like X-rays, CT scans, PET scans, and MRI which are important for staging and determining if the cancer has spread. Differential diagnoses are also considered to help determine the most likely diagnosis.
DIAGNOSIS DAN DDx TUMOR SINONASAL Prinsip Diagnosis 1. Anamnesis a. Manifestasi klinis Gejala nasal. Gejala nasal berupa obstruksi hidung unilateral dan rinorea. Jika ada Sekret, sering sekret yang timbul bercampur darah atau terjadi epistaksis. Tumor yang besar dapat mendesak tulang hidung sehingga terjadi deformitas hidung. Khas pada tumor ganas ingusnya berbau karena mengandung jaringan nekrotik. Gejala orbital. Perluasan tumor kearah orbita menimbulkan gejala diplopia, proptosis atau penonjolan bola mata, oftalmoplegia, gangguan visus dan epifora. Gejala oral. Perluasan tumor ke rongga mulut menyebabkan penonjolan atau ulkus di palatum atau di prosesus alveolaris. Pasien mengeluh gigi palsunya tidak pas lagi atau gigi geligi goyah. Seringkali pasien datang ke dokter gigi karena nyeri di gigi, tetapi tidak sembuh meskipun gigi yang sakit telah dicabut. Gejala fasial Perluasan tumor akan menyebabkan penonjolan pipi, disertai nyeri, anesthesia atau parestesia muka jika sudah mengenai nervus trigeminus. Gejala intrakranial Perluasan tumor ke intrakranial dapat menyebabkan sakit kepala hebat, oftalmoplegia dan gangguan visus. Dapat disertai likuorea, yaitu cairan otak yang keluar melalui hidung ini terjadi apabila tumor sudah menginvasi atau menembus basis cranii. Jika perluasan sampai ke fossa kranii media maka saraf otak lainnya bisa terkena. Jika tumor meluas ke belakang, terjadi trismus akibat terkenanya muskulus pterigoideus disertai anestesia dan parestesia daerah yang dipersarafi nervus maksilaris dan mandibularis. b. Faktor resiko 2. Pemeriksaan Fisik a. Rinoskopi Anterior b. Pemeriksaan KGB 3. Pemeriksaan Penunjang a. Nasoendoskopi b. Biopsi jaringan c. X-Ray d. CT Scan e. PET Scan Untuk staging : surveillance Sel ca → banyak menggunakan energy → banyak menyerap zat radioaktif
DIAGNOSIS DAN DDx TUMOR LARING
Prinsip Diagnosis 1. Anamnesis a. Manifestasi klinis Suara serak Sesak nafas dan stridor Rasa nyeri di tenggorok Disfagia Batuk dan haemoptisis Pembengkakan pada leher b. Faktor resiko 2. Pemeriksaan Fisik a. Pemeriksaan tenggorokan b. Laryngoscopy direct/indirect 3. Pemerikaaan Penunjang a. Pemeriksaan PA Biopsi jaringan b. CXR c. CT Scan d. MRI Diagnosis Banding a. TB laring b. Sifilis laring c. Penyakit kronis laring
Acceptedpaper - A Rare Case Choanal Stenosis Bilateral in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patient With Endoscopic Surgery Management - DR - Yulialdi Bimanto Heryanto Putra - Yulialdi Bimanto Heryanto Putra