Once design is completed and all approvals granted, the normal pipeline construction process is as

follows:

1. Landholder Engagement and Access Approvals

Meetings are held with affected landholders to discuss and agree access to their properties
during pipeline construction and ongoing operation.

2. Survey and Fencing

The pipeline route is surveyed and fencing modified to facilitate access during construction.

3. Clear and Grade

Graders, bulldozers and excavators are generally used to clear and prepare the easement
ready for construction to commence. Top-soil and vegetation are stockpiled separately to
assist in restoration works after the pipeline is completed.

4. Stringing

Pipe is transported in to the easement and laid end to end next to where the trench will be
dug.

5. Bending
 Where required, specialized machinery is used to bend the pipe to conform with the
contours of the land and the pipeline route.

6. Welding and Non-Destructive Testing

Pipe sections are welded together. All welding is tested to ensure quality.

7. JOINT COATING: The areas of weld are cleaned and pipe joints are coated to reduce the
possibility of corrosion.

8. TRENCHING: Specialised trenching machines and excavators are used to dig the trench.

9. LOWERING IN AND PADDING: Specialist equipment (side booms) are used to lower the
pipe into the trench. The pipe is then covered by fine grain material (padding) to protect the
pipeline coating from stones or other sharp objects.
10. BACKFILLING: The trench is backfilled with the previously excavated subsoil material. Care
is taken to maintain separation between topsoil from subsoil during this process. The subsoils are
compacted to limit settlement of the trench through the operational life of the pipeline.

11. HYDROSTATIC TESTING: Using water, the pipe is pressure tested (hydrotested) to ensure it
is fit for operational service.
12. RESTORATION AND SIGNAGE: Disturbed areas are reinstated to match existing
landforms which includes re-contouring and installation of permanent erosion control structures.
Topsoil conserved during the construction process is respread over areas used for
construction. Rehabilitation is undertaken in accordance with approval requirements and
landholder considerations. Signs are placed at regular intervals and with line-of-sight of one another
to indicate the presence of the buried pipeline.

Construction Process
A pipeline construction project looks much like a moving assembly line. A large project typically is
broken into manageable lengths called “spreads,” and utilizes highly specialized and qualified
workgroups. Each spread is composed of various crews, each with its own responsibilities. As one
crew completes its work, the next crew moves into position to complete its piece of the
construction process

These tasks include:

1. Pre-construction survey

Before construction begins, crews survey environmental features along proposed pipeline
segments. Utility lines and agricultural drainages are located and marked to prevent accidental
 damage during pipeline construction. Next, the pipeline’s centerline and the exterior right of
way boundaries are staked.

2. Clearing and grading

The pipeline right of way is cleared of vegetation. Temporary erosion control measures are
installed prior to any earth-moving activities.

3. Trenching

Topsoil is removed from the work area and stockpiled separately in agricultural areas. Crews
use backhoes or trenching machines to excavate a pipeline trench. The soil that is excavated
during ditching operations is temporarily stockpiled on the non-working side of the trench.

4. Pipe stringing

Individual joints of pipe are strung along the right of way adjacent to the excavated ditch and
arranged so they are accessible to construction personnel. A mechanical pipe-bending machine
bends individual joints of pipe to the desired angle at locations where there are significant
changes in the natural ground contours or where the pipeline route changes direction.

5. Welding and coating pipe

After the stringing and bending are complete, the pipe sections are aligned, welded together,
and placed on temporary supports along the edge of the trench. All welds are then visually and
radio graphically inspected. Line pipe, normally mill-coated or yard-coated prior to stringing,
requires a coating at the welded joints. Prior to the final inspection, the entire pipeline coating
is electronically inspected to locate and repair any coating faults or voids.

6. Lowering pipe in and backfilling

The pipe assembly is lowered into the trench by side-boom tractors. The trench is backfilled
using a backfilling or bladed equipment; no foreign materials are permitted in the trench.

7. Testing

After backfilling, the pipeline is hydrostatically tested following federal regulations. Test water
is obtained and disposed of in accordance with applicable federal, state and local regulations.

8. Restoration

Our policy is to clean up and restore the work area as soon as possible. After the pipeline is
backfilled and tested, disturbed areas are restored as close as possible to their original contours.
Restoration measures are maintained until the area is restored, as closely as possible, to its
original condition.

Temporary Construction Right-Of-Way

Below is an example of a typical construction cross section when working in an open, unobstructed
area with topsoil segregation. A Constitution representative will work with the landowner for a site
specific plan where the temporary construction right-of-way will be adjusted to site conditions.
Upon completion of construction, the right-of-way will be restored to as close to original condition
as possible.

Special land considerations

The Constitution Pipeline is being designed to minimize the impact to residential areas, as well as
agricultural lands. Land disturbed during the construction period will be returned to as close to
original condition as possible. Agricultural lands will be properly restored using approved, modern
mitigation techniques designed to ensure full productive reuse of the agricultural lands.

Crossing Agricultural Land

Farmers and other landowners are encouraged to be active participants throughout all phases of the
Constitution Pipeline Project, beginning with the initial land surveys and continuing until crop
yields are restored.

All mitigation techniques used throughout the project will be completed by, and at the expense of,
Constitution Pipeline. It will be the day-to-day job of the project’s assigned inspectors to monitor
and supervise construction and restoration activity for compliance with approved agricultural right-
of-way standards relative to the region, as well as all relevant FERC standards.

Before Construction
One of the first opportunities for collaboration occurs during the initial surveying and line staking
activities. Landowners are invited to accompany the surveyor during the initial review of the land.
As the people most familiar with the property, farmland owners and operators are in the best
position to share useful information with the construction engineers, surveyors and land
representatives during project planning. Examples of the information that will assist Constitution
Pipeline Company in protecting your land include: drainage patterns, intensive tile drain systems,
grassed waterways or diversion terraces, location of water lines to buildings, developed springs or
livestock watering facilities, depth to high water table, soil type, topsoil thickness, the rock or
boulder content of the deeper subsoil, and depth to the bedrock. Some of this information can be
found in the farm conservation plan, in the County Soil Survey or from the local technician at the
County Soil and Water Conservation District. During the survey phase and again, early in the
construction phase, reference stakes are commonly used to mark the land. Wooden stakes are
required because metal survey spikes can be dangerous to livestock and damage farm equipment.

Right-of-way agreements

A right-of-way agreement allows for the use of a portion of your land for locating our pipeline.
Landowners are offered financial compensation in exchange for granting a permanent easement to
Constitution Pipeline Company. A contract for a right-of-way is a standard easement agreement,
but can be tailored if necessary to meet a landowner’s unique concerns.

It is important for all landowners, but especially owners and operators of agricultural lands, to
know that FERC will require compliance with a comprehensive mitigation plan for all land uses,
particularly agricultural lands, and will enforce compliance with that plan as part of its ongoing
inspection of the construction and restoration activities.

Topsoil preservation

The first essential part of right-of-way “clearing” in farmland areas involves removing the topsoil
from the right-of-way. If the topsoil is not fully removed prior to construction, it may be
permanently damaged by the pipeline work, due to rutting, compaction, and the inversion and
mixing of the soil layers. To avoid this, the topsoil is stripped and stored safely. It must be
segregated and stockpiled away from the pipeline trench, the excavated spoil, the pipe assembly
area and the traffic zone. The full thickness of the topsoil zone is typically twelve inches.

Protecting drainage and irrigation

Prior to construction, company representatives will work with you to locate existing drain tiles and
irrigation systems. The company will also work with you and local soil conservation authorities to
determine the location of future drain tiles that may be installed. The information we learn will be
used to develop specific procedures for constructing in drain tile areas. These procedures will also
address how the company plans to maintain irrigation systems during construction and, in the
event that drain tiles or irrigation systems are damaged, how the company intends to facilitate
repairs. Constitution Pipeline Company will retain qualified drain tile specialists to conduct any
necessary repairs in a prompt and careful manner.

In areas where drain tiles exist or are planned, the company will ensure that the depth of cover over
the pipeline is sufficient to avoid interference with drain tile systems. Constitution Pipeline will
check all drain tile systems within the area of disturbance to check for potential damage. If any tiles
are damaged, they will be repaired to their original or better condition by a qualified drain tile
specialist.

Decompaction and rock removal

Because the topsoil is removed and stockpiled for protection, the exposed subsoil serves as the
surface of the construction roadway for the duration of the project. This traffic can heavily
compact the subsoil. Constitution Pipeline Company’s environmental inspector will test the subsoil
to measure compaction. Severely compacted areas will be plowed with a paraplow. In areas where
the topsoil has been segregated, the subsoil will be plowed before replacing the segregated topsoil.

Crews will remove excess rock from at least the top 12 inches of soil in all agricultural areas. Once
construction is complete, the size, density and distribution of rock within the pipeline work area
will be restored to the same consistency as areas not affected by construction.
Coordinating with appropriate agencies

Constitution Pipeline Company will coordinate with appropriate local, state and federal agencies
any construction and restoration measures specifically involving affected farmlands. This will
include working with local soil conservation authorities or land management agencies to address
erosion control and revegetation. The company will also work with appropriate agencies to create
specific procedures to prevent the introduction or spread of noxious weeds or soil pests resulting
from pipeline construction.

Restoration

As soon as backfill operations are complete, crews will commence cleanup and restoration
activities, including completion of final grading and topsoil replacement. The construction right of
way will be graded to restore preconstruction contours. The environmental inspector will oversee
that the restoration of contours and topsoil are returned to their original condition. Constitution
Pipeline Company will conduct follow-up inspections of all disturbed areas after the first and
second growing seasons to ensure the success of revegetations. Revegetation in agricultural areas
shall be considered successful if crop yields are similar to adjacent undisturbed portions of the same
field.