Assignment: Law of Machines

2015-ME-81

Machine:

A machine is a mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude

of a force. In general, they can be defined as the simplest mechanisms that
use mechanical advantage (also called leverage) to multiply force. ... Lever.
Wheel and axle. Pulley.

Modern machines are complex systems that consist of structural elements,

mechanisms and control components and include interfaces for convenient
use. Examples include a wide range of vehicles, such as automobiles, boats
and airplanes, appliances in the home and office, building air handling and
water handling systems, as well as farm machinery, machine tools and
factory automation systems and robots.

The Law of a Machine:

Machines which are used to lift a load are governed by the ""Law of
machines"", which states that the effort to be applied on the machine (p) is
related to the weight (w) which it can lift as

Fe = aFl + b

Fl = Force of the Load

Fe = Force of the EFFORT

a = slope of the graph (So a = 1/MA)

b = y intercept of the graph - where the line cuts the FE axis. (This is the
firctional effort to start the machine)
Applications:
Mechanisms:

The mechanism of a mechanical system is assembled from components

called machine elements. These elements provide structure for the system
and control its movement.

The structural components are, generally, the frame members, bearings,

splines, springs, seals, fasteners and covers. The shape, texture and color of
covers provide a styling and operational interface between the mechanical
system and its users.

The assemblies that control movement are also called "mechanisms."

Mechanisms are generally classified as gears and gear trains, which
includes belt drives and chain drives, cam and follower mechanisms, and
linkages, though there are other special mechanisms such as clamping
linkages, indexing mechanisms, escapements and friction devices such as
brakes and clutches.

The number of degrees of freedom of a mechanism, or its mobility,

depends on the number of links and joints and the types of joints used to
construct the mechanism. The general mobility of a mechanism is the
difference between the unconstrained freedom of the links and the number
of constraints imposed by the joints. It is described by the Chebychev-
Grübler-Kutzbach criterion.