DEFINITION OF CSS, HTML AND XML

CSS
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. CSS is used to define styles for your web pages, including the
design, layout and variations in display for different devices and screen sizes. It is derived from
multiple sources with a defined order of precedence where the definitions of any style element
conflict.

HTML
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language . It is describes the structure of Web pages using
markup language and it’s element are the building blocks of HTML pages. HTML describes the
structure of a web page semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the
document.

XML
XML stands fo extensible Markup Languange. XML is a markup language that defines a set of rules
for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. XML is
used to describe data. The XML standard is a flexible way to create information formats and
electronically share structured data via the public Internet, as well as via corporate networks.

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ADVANTAGES OF CSS, HTML AND XML

CSS

Advantages of using CSS is :

 It allows separating content of an html document from the style and layout of that
document. It can thus make documents much easier to maintain and give much better
control over the layout of your web pages.

 Save lots of time. CSS gives lots of flexibility to set the properties of an element. The CSS
code can be applied to the groups of HTML elements and can be reused in multiple HTML
pages.

 Easier to maintain . CSS provide an easy means to update document formatting and
maintain consistency across multiple documents. By making one change to the website's
CSS, elements in all the web pages will be updated automatically.

 Pages load faster . CSS enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity
and repetition in the structural content. It significantly reduces the file transfer size, which
results in a faster page loading.

 Superior styles to HTML . CSS has much wider presentation capabilities than HTML, so you
can give far better look to your HTML pages in comparison to the HTML presentational
elements and attributes.

 Multiple Device Compatibility . CSS can also allow the HTML document to be optimized for
more than one type of device or media. Using CSS the same HTML document can be
presented in different viewing styles for different rendering devices such as computer
screen, cell phones, printer, etc.

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HTML

Advantages of using HTML is :

 Easy to create a webpage and edit . Html use plain text.

 Html code is highly compressible . Fast to download the content.

 It is by default in every windows so you don't need to purchase extra software. Every
browser use Html languange

 Easy to learn and use.

XML

Advantages of using XML is :

 It supports Unicode, allowing almost any information in any written human language to be
communicated.

 It can represent common computer science data structures: records, lists and trees.

 It allows validation using schema languages such as XSD and Schematron, which makes
effective unit-testing, firewalls, acceptance testing, contractual specification and software
construction easier.

 It is platform-independent, thus relatively immune to changes in technology.

 Its self-documenting format describes structure and field names as well as specific values.

 simple, efficient, and consistent due to strict syntax and parsing requirements.

 Forward and backward compatibility are relatively easy to maintain despite changes in
DTD or Schema.

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COMPARISON BETWEEN CSS, HTML AND XML

The differences between CSS, HTML and XML

CSS HTML XML

Formatting language that Used for the packaging of page Used for the packaging of page
enables one to control the content. content and a way of storing
presentation of HTML content. data wrapped in XML files
without database.

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EXAMPLE SOURCE CODE CSS, HTML AND XML

CSS

Example source code :

<style type="text/css">

h1 { color: black; background: white }

p { font-size: 12pt ; font-style: italic }

</style>

HTML

Example source code :

<html>

<head>

<title>br element example</title>

</head>

<body>

<p>Line 1.<br> Line 2<br> Line 3.</p>

<hr>

<br>

<hr>

<hr>

</body>

</html>