Clause B.1.

1 of IS 2950 (Part-1) – 1981 is reproduced below:

“The modulus of subgrade reaction ( k) as applicable to the case of load through a plate of size 30 x 30 cm or
beams 30 cm wide on the soil is given in Table I for cohesionless soils and in Table 2 for cohesive soils, Unless more
specific determination of k is done (see B-2 and B-3 ), these values may be used for design of raft foundation in
cases where the depth of the soil affected by the width of the footing may be considered isotropic and the
extrapolation of plate load test results is valid.”

Please note that the values given in Table-1 are based on the limited data set of plate load tests and is applicable
only if the soils beneath the foundation are isotropic (one of the assumptions used in the analysis of plate load
tests). The general use of subgrade modulus based on this table shall only be for preliminary estimates and design.

A realistic assessment of subgrade modulus can be made using the following alternative options:

1. 4-5 plate load tests carried out at the planned founding level (Please refer to Section 6.0 of our final report)
2. Laboratory tests on undisturbed samples to determine the actual modulus of elasticity of soil and Poisson
ratio. Subsequent determination of k-value using empirical formula.

In absence of the above two, the subgrade modulus has been determined using the standard available literature
(refer to Foundation Analysis and Design by J.E.Bowles) by using the ratio of the net bearing pressure and the
corresponding anticipated settlement.

Kindly clarify. Not generally done as per current Industry scenario.