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 Factors to Consider in Waterflooding

o Relative permeability and Relative Permeability Ratio

o Rock Wettability

o Capillary Pressure

o Mobility Ratio

 Generating Relative Permeability from Field Observed Data

 Primary Reservoir-Driving Mechanisms

 Screening Tests

 Optimum Time to Waterflood

 Concept of Variable Bubble-point

 Relative Permeability Hysteresis Models

o Land’s Trapping Coefficient

o Carlson’s Model

o Killough’s Model

 Selection of Flooding Patterns

 Waterflood Pattern Balancing

 Overall Recovery Efficiency

o Areal Sweep Efficiency

o Vertical Sweep Efficiency

o Displacement Sweep Efficiency

 Frontal Advance Equation

o Buckley-Leverett Frontal Advance Theory

o Water Saturation Profile and Water Breakthrough

o Gas Fillup Volume

o Performance of Waterflooding

 Water Injectivity

 Waterflooding Decline Curves Analysis

 Industry Well Established Waterflood Performance Methods

o The Dykstra-Parsons Method


o Modified Dykstra-Parsons Method

o Craig-Geffen-Morse Method

 Improved Water Flood

o Polymer Flood

o Immiscible WAG

 Waterflooding Surveillance

o Water-cut Analysis

o Voidage-Replacement-Ratio

o Monitoring layering performance

o Bubble Maps

o The ABC Plots

o Step-Rate-Testing

o Hall Plot

o The X-Plot

 Reservoir Simulation- Waterflooding Team Project

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