Eaton, J. G. Aquatic Toxicology: Third Conference - Stp 707.

ASTM International,
1980. Aquatic Toxicology: Third Conference - Stp 707. 1 July 2008
<http://books.google.com/books?id=ND5mOkvURDoC&printsec=frontcover>.

Lumbriculus variegatus was tested with many heavy metals and organic compounds
that were used as toxic substances. The results were similar to other aquatic
organisms, with the exception of pesticide. Many test subjects used exhibited
almost lethal responses to many chemicals tested. Many went through color change
and fragmentation. The experiment can easily be repeated under standard
laboratory conditions.

This information was able to help me give possible predictions of the effects of
creatine on the test subjects, lumbriculus variegatus. The given information led me
to believe that creatine may have had a possible lethal effect on the annelids, so in
turn I was more vigilant while conducting the experiment on the worm. The only
effect the worm showed was a slight increase in heart rate.

Sardo, A. M., A. M. V. M. Soares, and A. Gerhardt. "Behavior, Growth, and

Reproduction of Lumbriculus Variegatus (Oligochaetae) in Different Sediment
Types." Human & Ecological Risk Assessment 13 (2007): 519-527. Academic Search
Premier. EBSCO. 1 July 2008
<http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=4&hid=109&sid=e026fada-b9d0-
4e43-8ed3-bde9e25c047e%40sessionmgr106>.

Lumbriculus variegatus is used in many toxicity experiments. The locomotion,

growth, and reproduction of a normal and a clone population of the annelids was
examined in the Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor™ in many different soil types.
The four sediment types used were fine, medium, coarse, and whole sediment. The
results of the movement in order from highest locomotion activity to lowest
locomotion activity: fine, coarse, whole , then medium; with a significant difference
between the first two and the last two. The clone population showed less
locomotion than the normal population. Artificial cloning is not recommended for
obtaining more test subjects.

This article gave me a great example on how to separate the annelids into different
categories for experimentation. My group separated using time instead of a
completely different population of worms altogether. Our dosages used would
correlate with the different sediment types used in the article’s test.

Andres, Robert H., Angélique D. Ducray, Uwe Schlattner, Theo Wallimann, and Hans
Rudolf Widmer. "Functions and Effects of Creatine in the Central Nervous System."
Brain Research Bulletin 76 (2008): 329-343. Academic Search Premier. 2 July 2008
<http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=8&hid=107&sid=a9ce3773-17ec-
4240-8c44-922bd93ba4f3%40sessionmgr109>.

Creatine kinase/phosphocreatine system is an increment part in cellular energy

buffering and energy transport in cells needing high energy, like neurons. This
gives evidence that creatine kinase plays an important role in the central nervous
system. Some experiments have shown that creatine has reduced neuronal cell
loss in neurological diseases. This is the basics of the creatine
kinase/phosphocreatine system. The study aims at summarizing findings and
concepts on the role of creatine kinase and creatine in the central nervous system
with special emphasis on pathological conditions and the positive effects of creatine
supplementation.

This article allowed me to see the natural effects of creatine on human cells,
specifically neurons. I am now able to make more conclusions about the effects of
the substance on lumbriculus variegatus. The article also supported my hypothesis,
stating that creatine would increase the pulsation rate of the annelids. Creatine is
used in fast and powerful cell processes involved in things such as pulsation rate.