Dapus thymoquinon

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thymoquionone, an active principle of Nigella sativa, in mice and rats. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad
20 (2): 25-27

Paarakh, PM. 2010. Nigella sativa Linn: A comprehensive review. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 1(4):
409-429

Khan Md Assaduzzam, Tania Mousami, Fu Shangyi, Fu Junjiang. Thymoquinone, as an

anticancer molecule: from basic research to clinical investigation. Oncotarget, 2017, Vol. 8,
(No. 31), pp: 51907-51919

Ahmad, Husain, Mejeeb, Khan, Najmi, Siddique, Damanhouri, dan Anwar. 2013. A review on
therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 3(5): 337

Dapus pendahuluan

 Scientific Reports 7, Article number: 13131(2017)

Alaufi Omar M, Noorwali Abdulwahab, Zahran Fatheya, Al-Abd Ahmed M, Al-Attas Safia.
Cytotoxicity of thymoquinone alone or in combination with cisplatin (CDDP) against oral
squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. Scientific Report 7. 2017 Oct. Article number 13131

Syafriadi M. 2008. Patologi Mulut: Tumor Neoplastik dan on-Neoplastik Rongga Mulut.
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Soetomo Surabaya Tahun 2004-2008. Tidak diterbitkan. Skripsi. Jember : Fakultas Kedokteran
Gigi Universitas Jember.

Khan Md Assaduzzam, Tania Mousami, Fu Shangyi, Fu Junjiang. Thymoquinone, as an

anticancer molecule: from basic research to clinical investigation. Oncotarget, 2017, Vol. 8,
(No. 31), pp: 51907-51919

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Mekanisme tq

Thymoquinone bekerja tehadap OSCC yakni dengan menghambat viabilitas sel dan menginduksi
gen apoptosis pada UMSCC 14C . Apoptosis atau kematian sel secara terporgram dianggap
sebagai target ideal dalam terapi kanker. Tq menginduksi kematian sel kanker melalui upregulating
ekspresi gen apoptosis (p53 dan dan caspase 9) dan down regulating ekspresi gen anti-apoptosis
(Bcl 2). Adanya peningkatan P53 merupakan faktor utama apotosis pada DNA sel kanker yang
merupakan faktor kelangsungsungan hidup selnya(Alau fi, 2017).. Tq menginduksi apoptosis p53
melalui aktivasi caspase 8, 9, dan 3. Aktivasi caspase 8 menginisiasi pelepasan sitokrom c dari
mitokondria ke sitoplasma yang menyebabkan aktivasi apoptosome. Sedangkan Tq berpotensi
menurunkan ekspresi Bcl 2 melalui pelepasan sitokrom c dari mitokondria ke sitosol sebagai
aktivitas apoptosis yang ditandai dengan hilangnya MMA (Mitochondrial Membrane Potential).
(Tang, 2013). Menariknya menurut penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Alaufi dkk menyebutkan bahwa
efek apoptosis yang dihasilkan oleh thymoquinone tidak berpengaruh pada oral epithelial cell
(OEC)(Alaufi, 2017).

El- Mahdy Mohamed A, Zhu Qianzheng, Wang Qi En, Wani Gulzar, Wani Altaf A.
Thymoquinone induces apoptosis through activation of caspase-8 and mitochondrial events in
p53-null myeloblastic leukemia HL-60 cells. 2005. Int. J. Cancer: 117, 409–417

Subrapiya Rajamanickam, Thangavelu Annamalai, Mathavan Bommayasamy, R Chinnamanoor,

Ramachandran, Nagini Siddavaram Assessment of risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma in
Chidambaram, Southern India: a case–control study. European Journal of Cancer Prevention: June
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Moser Russell, Xu Chang, Kao Michael, et al. Functional Kinomics Identifies Candidate
Therapeutic Targets in Head and Neck Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014 sept. Vol 20:4274-4288

Hadi Mohammed Yahya , Mohammed Ghaidaa Jihadi and Hameed Imad Hadi. Analysis of bioactive
chemical compounds of Nigella sativa using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of
Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy (2016) February. Vol. 8(2), pp. 8-24

Tang Shuyao Hu Jing, Meng Qingfeng , Dong Xuesong , Wang Kaifu , Qi Yuebin, Chu Chao , Zhang
Xiaochuan, Hou Limin. Daidzein Induced Apoptosis via Down-Regulation of Bcl-2/Bax and Triggering
of the Mitochondrial Pathway in BGC-823 Cells. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics March
2013, Volume 65 (2), pp 197–202