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محمد وليد حسنية التقرير الرابع
محمد وليد حسنية التقرير الرابع
محمد وليد حسنية التقرير الرابع
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Hydraulics Lab
(ECIV 3122)
Class No.109
Group No.3
Submission Date:
Thursday: 24-Mar-2016
HYDRAULICS LAB
Introduction:
The metacentric height is a measurement of the static stability of a floating body. It is
calculated as the distance between the center of gravity of a ship and its metacenter (GM). A
larger metacentric height implies greater stability against overturning. Metacentric height also
has implication on the natural period of rolling of a hull, with very large metacentric heights
being associated with shorter periods of roll which are uncomfortable for passengers. Hence, a
sufficiently high but not excessively high metacentric height is considered ideal for passenger
ships.
Metacenter is defined as the point about which a body starts oscillating when the body is tilted
by a small angle. The metacenter may also be defined as the point at which the line of action of
the force of buoyancy will meet the normal axis of the body when the body is given a small
angular displacement .It is denoted by M. The distance between the metacenter (M) of a
floating body and the center of gravity (G) of the body is called metacentric height (GM).
For a body to be in equilibrium on the liquid surface the two forces gravity force (w) and
buoyant force (Fb) must lie in the same vertical line. If the point M is above G, the floating body
will be in stable equilibrium. If slight angular displacement is given to the floating body in
clockwise direction, the center of buoyancy shifts from B to B1 such that the line of action of Fb
through B1 cuts the axis at M, which is called the metacenter and the distance GM is called the
metacentric height. The buoyant force Fb through B1 and weight W through G constitute a
couple acting in anti- clockwise direction and thus bringing the floating body in the original
position.
HYDRAULICS LAB
Purpose:
To study force balances in a static system.
To determine the meta-centric height and position of the meta-centric height.
Apparatus:
Flat bottomed pontoon. (Figure 1)
Hydraulic bench. (Figure 2)
Weights. (Figure 3)
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure3
HYDRAULICS LAB
Procedures:
Determination of floatation characteristic for unloaded and for loaded pontoon
Calculations
P(123)
GM
W sin
Part A
OG(1)
W1 (g) 3000 x1 (mm) 0 125 H (mm) 170
(mm)
OG(2)
W2 (g) 5000 x1 (mm) 30 87 L (mm) 380
(mm)
OG(3)
W3 (g) 7000 x1 (mm) 37.5 75 D (mm) 250
(mm)
Bilge Mean GM at θ
Off balance Exp. GM Theo. GM
Weight Wb Def. θ = 0 from BM (mm) OB (mm)
weight P (g) (mm) (mm)
(g) (degree) graph
50 3 39.17
100 4.8 48.9974
0 38.371 164.93056 15.7895 55.72003
150 7 50.4639
200 9.5 49.6826
50 2.5 28.1985
100 5 28.2253
2000 26.539 98.958333 26.3158 38.27412
150 6.5 32.5962
200 9 31.4509
100 3.9 25.8345
150 6 25.2153
4000 24.086 70.684524 36.8421 32.52663
200 7 28.8365
250 9.2 27.4758
HYDRAULICS LAB
P(123)
GM
3500 sin
L
Wvm(125) Wb(35) Wb1(190) Wm(790 )
OG 2
W
Part B
W (g) 3500 V (cm3) 3500 OB (mm) 18.421053
GM at θ M above
Off balance Mean Def. θ Exp. GM Theo.
= 0 from BM (mm) OG (mm) water
wt. P (g) (degree) (mm) GM (mm)
graph level (mm)
40 2.50 32.23
80 5.00 32.26 32.182 141.37 125.42857 34.36 122.95
120 7.50 32.31
40 3.20 25.18
80 6.70 24.10 25.674 141.37 136.28571 23.51 122.95
120 10.20 23.81
20 4.00 10.08
40 6.00 13.45 7.8011 141.37 147.28571 12.51 122.95
80 10.50 15.43
10 3.00 6.71
20 6.00 6.72 5.2039 141.37 158.42857 1.36 122.95
40 9.00 8.99
Unstable
HYDRAULICS LAB
Results
60
y = 1.4333x + 38.371
50
EXP. GM (MM(
40
y = 0.6224x + 26.539
30
20
y = 0.4222x + 24.086
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
35.00
20.00
15.00
5.00
0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
SOURCES OF ERROR:
The error in the measurement of angle because of the setup could not be brought to rest
completely.
Error in noting down the exact angle.
Force balancing of a system floating in water was studied and the position of the meta-centric height
was determined for different values of load.
References:
The hydraulics laboratory manual : http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/mymousa/hydraulics-lab/
Google images.
https://www.scribd.com/doc/75983974/Metacentric-Height