Basalt fiber

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Basalt fiber is a material made from extremely fine fibers of basalt, which is composed of
the minerals plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine. It is similar to fiberglass, having better
physicomechanical properties than fiberglass, but being significantly cheaper than carbon fiber. It is
used as a fireproof textile in the aerospace and automotive industries and can also be used as
a composite to produce products such as camera tripods.

Contents
[hide]

 1Manufacture
 2Properties
 3History
 4Uses[6]
 5See also
 6References
 7External links

Manufacture[edit]
Basalt fiber is made from a single material, crushed basalt, from a carefully chosen quarry
source.[1] Basalt of high acidity (over 46% silica content[2]) and low iron content is considered
desirable for fiber production.[3] Unlike other materials, such as glass fiber, essentially no materials
are added. The basalt is simply washed and then melted.[4]
The manufacture of basalt fiber requires the melting of the quarried basalt rock at about 1,400 °C
(2,550 °F). The molten rock is then extruded through small nozzles to produce continuous filaments
of basalt fiber. There are three main manufacturing techniques, which are centrifugal-blowing,
centrifugal-multiroll and die-blowing. The fibers typically have a filament diameter of between 9 and
13 µm which is far enough above the respiratory limit of 5 µm to make basalt fiber a suitable
replacement for asbestos. They also have a high elastic modulus, resulting in excellent specific
strength—three times that of steel.[verification needed]

Properties[edit]
The table refers to the continuous basalt fiber specific producer. Data from all the manufacturers are
different, the difference is sometimes very large values.

Property Value[5]

Tensile strength 4.84 GPa

Elastic modulus 89 GPa

Elongation at break 3.15%

Density 2.7 g/cm³

Comparison:

Tensile Elastic
Density Specific Specific
Material strength modulus
(g/cm³) strength modulus
(GPa) (GPa)

Steel re-bar 7.85 0.5 0.0667 210 26.7

A-glass 2.46 3.31 1.35 69 28.0

C-glass 2.46 3.31 1.35 69 28.0

E-glass 2.60 3.45 1.33 76 29.2

S-2 glass 2.49 4.83 1.94 97 39.0

Silicon 2.16 0.206–0.412 0.0954–0.191

Quartz 2.2 0.3438 0.156

Carbon fiber (large) 1.74 3.62 2.08 228 131

Carbon
1.80 5.10 2.83 241 134
fiber (medium)

Carbon fiber (small) 1.80 6.21 3.45 297 165

Kevlar K-29 1.44 3.62 2.51 41.4 28.8

Kevlar K-149 1.47 3.48 2.37

Polypropylene 0.91 0.27-0.65 0.297–0.714 38 41.7

 Tensile Elastic
Density Specific Specific
Material strength modulus
(g/cm³) strength modulus
(GPa) (GPa)

Polyacrylonitrile 1.18 0.50-0.91 0.424–0.771 75 63.6

Basalt fiber 2.65 4.15–4.80 1.57–1.81 100–110 37.7–41.5

[citation needed]

History[edit]
The first attempts to produce basalt fiber were made in the United States in 1923 by Paul Dhe who
was granted U.S. Patent 1,462,446. These were further developed after World War II by researchers
in the USA, Europe and the Soviet Union especially for military and aerospace applications. Since
declassification in 1995 basalt fibers have been used in a wider range of civilian applications.

Uses[6][edit]
 Heat protection
 Friction materials
 High pressure vessels (e.g. tanks and gas cylinders)
 Load bearing profiles
 Windmill blades
 Lamp posts
 Ship hulls
 Car bodies
 Sports equipment
 Concrete reinforcement (e.g. for bridges and buildings)
 Speaker cones
 Cavity wall ties
 Absorbent for oil spills [7]

See also[edit]
 Pele's hair
 Mineral wool
 Glass wool
 Rock wool

References[edit]
1. Jump up^ "Research surveys for basalt rock quarries | Basalt Projects Inc. | Engineering continuous
basalt fiber and CBF-based composites". Basalt Projects Inc. Retrieved 2017-12-10.
2. Jump up^ http://www.enea.it/it/pubblicazioni/EAI/anno-2011/indice-world-view-3-2011/basalt-fiber-
from-earth-an-ancient-material-for-innovative-and-modern-application
3. Jump up^ Schut, Jan H. "Composites: Higher Properties, Lower Cost". www.ptonline.com.
Retrieved 2017-12-10.
 4. Jump up^ Ross, Anne. "Basalt Fibers: Alternative To Glass?". www.compositesworld.com.
Retrieved 2017-12-10.
5. Jump up^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-12-29. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
6. Jump up^ Albarrie - BASALT FIBER
7. Jump up^ Green Ocean

 http://novitsky1.narod.ru/basalt_fiber.technology.html

External links[edit]
 The production of basalt fibers Information from the Uzbekistan state scientific committee
 Basalt Continuous Fiber - Information and Characteristics Information from the Basalt Fiber &
Composite Materials Technology Development
 Basalt Roving Dome Video demonstration of concrete construction reinforced with basalt fiber
 Generation 2.0 of Continuous Basalt Fiber Comparing the technologies used in CBF production
 Compressive behavior of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Composite The development of basalt fiber
reinforced composite is an important milestone in improving the mechanical performance and
durability of concrete construction.
 Some aspects of the technological process of continuous basalt fiber CBF