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Kaj Je To Kajkavski Književni Jezik
Kaj Je To Kajkavski Književni Jezik
Kaj Je To Kajkavski Književni Jezik
What is
Kaikavian literary language?
Was ist
Kaikawische Schriftsprache?
16. STOLETJE 3
17. STOLETJE 5
18. STOLETJE 7
19. STOLETJE 9
Kajkavska Biblija 12
20. STOLETJE 14
Zviri / Sources 21
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16. STOLETJE
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DECRETUM
Ivanuš Pergošič
1574. Nedelišče
KAJ JE KONTRAKTUŠ? TO JE TO, MED
ljudmi za volju imienja neko zavezanje i spravlenje, i gda je
tomu pravedno vnuter vpeljanje potriebno.
3
Kronika vezda znovič spravliena
Kratka Slovenskim jezikom
Anton Vramec
1578. Ljubljana
4
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17. STOLETJE
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SVETI EVANGELIOMI
Cirkve Zagrebečke
Miklouš Krajačevič
1651. Gradec
Petar Petretič v predgovoru:
Reči sveteh Evangeliomov (ki su vu Slovenskom Orsage, okolu
godišča obični i navadni) iz Dijačkoga te Vugerzkoga textuša,
na naše pravo slovensko Zagrebečko slovo prevdeno (poleg
moje štime) prenesti; od reči do reči, gde je bilo moguče, te je
Slovenščina prepustila …
5
ZERCALO
MARIANSKO
po
JURJU HABDELIČU
1662. Nemški Gradec
6
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18. STOLETJE
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Regule dvorjanstva
Juraj Mulih
Zagreb 1742.
Deržanja vu tovaruštvu drugeh
7
Aritmetika Horvatska
Mihalj Šilobod
Zagreb 1758.
Ako je Brojtel jednak, ali vekši od Imenitela, ter hočeš znati
Ranjiška: 12/4 ali: 14/3 kuliko čini celeh Ranjiškov; tak
Brojtele razdeli z Imeniteli, i ako kaj od razdelivanja
ostane poleg razdeljenoga postavi.
Ako pak cel broj hočeš na Drobiš obernuti; tak cel broj
povekšaj z takvem Drobišem, kakvoga imati hočeš: ali kakov
ti je možibiti vu Računu potreben.
8
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19. STOLETJE
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Napučenje za Horvatski
PRAV ČTETI I PISATI
1808. Budapest
Prijetje (Recepisse)
Zverhu jedne zadužbe, iliti obligatorije od jezero fl. napravlene, i od leta 1806.
dneva 6. marca po Petru Tičaru včinjene, koju meni Ferenc Močnjak, mesar
zagrebečki, gda bi na sejem bečki odhajal, v sranbu je dal, i koju njemu, gda
ju zaiskal bude, povernuti moram.
Vu Zagrebu 16. majuša 1806.
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IZBOR DUGOVANJH
VSAKOVERSTENEH
ZA HASEN,
i RAZVESELENJE SLUŽEČEH
Tomáš Mikloušič
1821. Vu Zagrebu
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Raj Zgublen
John Milton
1827. na Horvatski preobernul
Ivan Krizmanič
Ja sem za odpert boj; s prevarum, meni menje znanum, nigdar
se ja ne dičim. Na ovu puščajte misliti one, koji nje su
potrebni, ali ako su i potrebni, sad barem naj ne budu! Ar
doklem ovi ovde sedeli budete razmišljavajuč i na prevaru,
ono podignjenja svojega znamenje, želno čakajuč, budu li vsi
drugi milioni, koji onde vu oružju su stali, ovde kakti uskoki
nebeski štentali? Budu li, mesto negdašnjega svojega
prebivališča, z ovum tmičnum, špota i sramote punum jamom,
z ovum gotovum temnicum zadovoljiti se morali, dok
medtentoga on samovlastnik po našem štentanju mirno
kraljuje? To tak naj ne bude!
Dokončajmo vnogo bolje, da vsi zajedno, s goručem plamnom
i z stalnostjum oboruženi, onem, sada prez čuvarov
ostavljenem putom nahrupimo na turne nebeske; obernemo
traplenja naša na strahovito oružje suprot istom trapitelu!
Ako nam s praskatanjem svoje vsamogučne germljavice
naprot dojde, naj čuje i on peklensko treskanje.
11
Kajkavska Biblija
1815.-1830.
(išče nie tiskana)
Najte biti kakti konj i mula: koji razuma nemaju. Z vuzdum, i
oštrum žvaljum stegni lalo oneh, koji se neče približati k tebi
(Anton Vranič)
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1. predavanje na Zagrebečkom
Vsevučilišču na Horvatskomu jeziku
Mato Smodek
1832. Zagreb
Z’očih i lic vaših berem, da vaše skupzhajanje tam cila, da se
potverdi temel za obdelavanje materinskoga jezika položen, odkud
zvirala bude na celi narod zobraženost. Da obdelavanje
materinskoga jezika jest put, po kojem narod na verhunec
zvershenosti zdignuti se more, vsaki premda ni neče, prisiljen je
valuvati.
Ne prepustemo našemu slavnomu narečju prepasti, i v njim našu
slavnu narodnost v černi grob pokopati. Tersemo se njemu čast i
vrednost, koja mu sliši, povernuti. Postavemo nje v poštenje, koje
po neprilikah vremen pogubiše.
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20. STOLETJE
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Z mojih bregov
Fran Galovič
1913.-1914.
Kostanj
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Kipci i Popevke
Dragutin Domjanič
1917. Zagreb
MOJOJ DRAGOJ MAMI
KIPCI
BELE ROŽE
15
Gineju želje, al samo popevke
Još mi živiju, kak negda, vu duši.
ČRNI OBLAKI
16
Balade Petrice Kerempuha
Miroslav Krleža
1936. Ljubljana
17
Kajkavski književni jezik
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Kaikavian literary language
Kaikavian literary language is the literary expression of Croatian Kaikavians.
Its main phase lasted from 16th until the 2nd half of 19th century, when it was
used in all public and official domains. The 2nd phase was in the 1st half of 20th
ct., where it was language of literature only, with modern expressions often
criticizing the social fabrics of life (Kovačič, Krleža), longing for better society.
Its original self-name was Slovenski language. It meant the language of
Slovenski orsag or Slovenje, a kingdom of Slavonia that corresponded in its
borders to Zagreb bishopric. So this was different from what is today Slovenia.
It was only since the beginning of 18th century that Slovenski orsag has
started to be called mainly Horvatski orsag, due to the shift of Croatian nobility
who fled north to Slovenski orsag from Croatia that was conquered by Turks,
and brought the name Horvatska along, and the name of language shifted
correspondingly to Horvatski language. So the name changed, but its content,
the language, remained the same. It still meant what we call today Kaikavian
spoken and literary language. The area of usage of Kaikavian literary
language corresponded to medieval Zagreb bishopric, but books in it were
also used in Prekmurje, Prlekija (today Slovenia) and Porabje (Hungary),
where dialects transitional to Slovene are spoken, which at that time were
closer to Kaikavian than to todays standard Slovene (in lexis, morphology,
Kaikavian cultural circle). Books in Kaikavian literary language were also used
in Gradišče or Burgenland, which is today divided between Hungary and
Austria. There it had a strong influence on language of Burgenland Croats.
Kaikavian literary language was removed around 1850. from official usage,
and substituted by the new Neostokavian language (called Hrvatski as
opposed to Kaikavian Horvatski). This marks the begin of decline of literature
production and increasing disappearance of Kaikavian language. However,
even if Kaikavian language was not preserved in all domains of life, it
continued to live in Kaikavian dialects and their dialectal literature. Kaikavian
dialects share common morphological, lexical, phonetical & special
accentuation system.
It was a turbulent history, were the name of the language shifted two times.
Today is Kaikaivan language highly endangered by being “eaten” by standard
Croatian language and its Neostokavian dialects (glottophagy). Since 1990s
the break of intergenerational transmission is increasing, with increasing
losses of language on lexical, morphological and phonetical level. Kaikavian
dialects are being substituted by Neostokavian dialects, which leads to loss of
linguistic diversity and intangible cultural heritage in Croatia.
A quite intriguing fact is that Kaikavian language today is not recognized as
language by the government of Croatia, but only as dialect of Croatian
language, which contradicts the linguistic reality. Standard Croatian language
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that is taught in schools and universities and used in media belongs to
Neostokavian group of languages, whereas Kaikavian does not belong to
Neostokavian group - a fact that all linguists agree about - hence it can not be
a dialect of Croatian language. Kaikavian is rather one of 3 main languages of
Croatia, where Chakavian is the 3rd language in Croatia besides standard
Croatian and Kaikavian language.
Not all official languages of Europe have 4 centuries of literature like
Kaikavian language has. However, main cultural and linguistic policy makers
like Croatian Academy of Sciences (HAZU) and Institute for Croatian
language (IHJJ) ignore its history and present reality, not regarding it as
language, at the same time not telling when it has “ceased to be language”
and how. Of course, since it has never ceased to be a language, as long as it
is being spoken and written by some groups of society. HAZU and IHJJ not
only contribute to its disappearance by not recognizing Kaikavian language
(which means it has no place in public educational & information system), but
also create and actively perform policies for Kaikavian language to disappear.
But, famous Croatian linguist Ivšić described Kaikavian language in 1936., so
Kaikavian language still existed in 1936. The reality is, that since 1945. in
Yugoslavia, it was banned to denote Kaikavian as language in public, due to
authoritarian dogmas of the regime. Since today neither HAZU nor the
Institute for Croatian language do not regard Kaikavian as language, at the
same time denying that it is endangered, contradicting both scientific facts,
reality and themselves, they step out of the scientific scope here, carrying on
non-scientific policies of Yugoslavia into present society, damaging the
linguistic landscape of Croatia and endangering its cultural and linguistic
heritage – the Kaikavian language. We can only conclude this is due to
unfinished transition from dogmatic Yugoslavian system to free academic
system based on scientific methods. Despite of this, in Croatian society there
are many initiatives to preserve Kaikavian language. Works in Kaikavian
literary language (theatre plays and holy mass) are being performed in public.
At the begin of 2015. Kaikavian literary language got the ISO 639-3 language
code kjv and became internationally known and recognized. This made a big
impact in Croatian public and on Kaikavian native speakers, both of which
were mostly unaware of its existence – again because of the policies of HAZU
and IHJJ, by which it is almost not existent in public education & information
system. However, rich literature in Kaikavian literary language exists in
Central European national libraries, e.g. in Vienna, Budapest, Ljubljana, and
of course Zagreb. Thus it also presents important cultural heritage of Croatia
and common European heritage.
Please help us to preserve and redevelop Kaikavian language as important
European heritage and common heritage of humanity – its beginnings are
dated to the end of 9th century, making it one of the oldest European
languages.
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Zviri / Sources
1. Pergošič, Ivanuš 1574: DECRETUM. Nedelišče
- reprint i transkripcija Zvonimir Bartolič, Matica hrvatska i Zrinski, Čakovec,
2003.
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9. Milton, John: RAJ ZGUBLEN. 1827. na Horvatski preobernul Ivan
Krizmanič
- 2005 Disput. Zagreb. Priredil, transkribiral i pogovora napisal Alojz
Jembrih.
10. Vranič, Anton i Kristijanovič, Ignac 1815-1830: “Kajkavska Biblija”.
V: Berkovič, Danijel 2012: Bestijarij u Psalmima Vrhovčeve kajkavske
Biblije. Kairos, Biblijski institut, Zagreb.
© Kajkavska Renesansa
Priredil i transkribiral Mario Jembrih 2015
(zvun gde je drugač navedéne).
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