Rajabio-MODULEBIOSPM 2016

RAJABIO RAMALAN 2016
KERTAS 3
1|RAJABIO_2016
Disediakan oleh RAJABIO[0197738620]
TECHNIQUE OF ANSWERING PAPER 3 BIOLOGY [SECTION A]
KAEDAH MENJAWAB KERTAS 3 BIOLOGI [BAHAGIAN A]
VARIABLES is VERY IMPORTANT

PEMBOLEH UBAH adalah SANGAT PENTING
Variable /
Pembolehubah(PU)
Abstract / Tersirat Concrete / Tersurat
MV
PUM
MVO MVT
RV
PUB
RVO RVT
CV
PUMa
OBJECTIVE [O] replaced ABSTRACT / TERSIRAT

OBJEKTIF [T] menggantikan ABSTRAK / TERSIRAT
TABLE [T] replaced CONCRETE / TERSURAT

JADUAL [T] menggantikan CONCRETE / TERSURAT
OBJECTIVE [O] we gained from OBJECTIVE of EXPERIMENT

OBJEKTIF [O] diperolehi dari OBJEKTIF EKSPERIMEN
TABLE [T] we gained from TABLE of EXPERIMENT

JADUAL [T] diperolehi dari JADUAL EKSPERIMEN
Variable /
Pembolehubah(PU) Method to handle variables /
Abstract Concrete Kaedah Menggunakan Pembolehubah
Tersirat Tersurat
Use different MV that is state all data for every

MV repeated experiment. //
PUM Gunakan PUM yang berbeza iaitu nyatakan semua data bagi
setiap eksperimen ulangan.
RV ACTION and record the RV by using TOOL //

PUB PERBUATAN dan rekod PUB dengan menggunakan ALAT.
Use the same CV that is state data (by using tool) for
CV every repeated experiment. //
PUMa Gunakan PUMa iaitu nyatakan data (dengan menggunakan
radas) bagi setiap eksperimen ulangan.
2|RAJABIO_2016
OBSERVATION.
PEMERHATIAN
Used Numbering Method

Gunakan Kaedah Penomboran
The location of meniscus in tube (X) of photometer after

Thermometers 5 minutes
Termometer Kedudukan meniscus dalam tiub (X) pada photometer 3
1
selepas 5 minit
20oC
2 4 5cm
Write following the number sequence

Tulis mengikut urutan nombor
INFERENCE.
INFERENS
There are 2 methods of writing an inference:

Terdapat 2 kaedah penulisan inferens:
METHOD 1 / Kaedah 1
From the OBSERVATION:
MVT is the _________ RVT is the _________ because RVO is the _________.
Daripada PEMERHATIAN:
PUMJ adalah paling _________ kerana PUBJ adalah paling _________ kerana PUBO
adalah paling _________.
METHOD 2 / Kaedah 2
RVT is the _________ because RVO is the _________ because REASONABLE REASON
is the _________.
PUBJ adalah paling _________ kerana PUBO adalah paling _________ kerana ALASAN
MUNSABAH paling _________.
3|RAJABIO_2016
VARIABLE & METHOD TO HANDLE.
PEMBOLEHUBAH & KAEDAH MENGGUNAKAN PEMBOLEHUBAH
Variable /
Pembolehubah(PU)
Method to handle variables /
OBJECTIVE TABLE
Kaedah Menggunakan Pembolehubah
Abstract Concrete
Tersirat Tersurat
Use different MVT that is state all data for

MV every repeated experiment. //
MVO MVT
PUM Gunakan PUMJ yang berbeza iaitu nyatakan semua data
bagi setiap eksperimen ulangan.
ACTION and record the RVT by using TOOL //

RV
RVO RVT PERBUATAN dan rekod PUBJ dengan menggunakan
PUB
ALAT.
Use the same CV that is state data (by using tool)

CV for every repeated experiment. //
PUMa Gunakan PUMa iaitu nyatakan data (dengan
menggunakan radas) bagi setiap eksperimen ulangan.
Only used the TABLE VARIABLES.

Hanya gunakan PEMBOLEHUBAH JADUAL.
HYPOTHESIS.
HIPOTESIS
Method of writing hypothesis

Kaedah penulisan hipotesis
Hypothesis= MVO + Relation (MV & RV) + RVO

Hipotesis= PUMO + Perhubungan (PUM & PUB) + PUBO
Use abstract / OBJECTIVE variables only.

Gunakan pembolehubah tersirat / Objektif sahaja
1 mark: Relation MV & RV
Marks allocation for hypothesis 1 markah: Perhubungan PUM & PUB
Pembahagian markah untuk hipotesis
Hypothesis= MV + Relation (MV & RV) + RV

Hipotesis = PUM + Perhubungan (PUM & PUB) + PUB
2 marks: Position MV & RV

2 markah: Kedudukan PUM & PUB
4|RAJABIO_2016
2 type of data
2 jenis data
Continuos Data Discrete Data

Data Selanjar Data Tidak Selanjar
Data Presentation: Histogram @ Line Data Presentation: Bar Chart
Graph Persembahan Data: Graf Palang
Persembahan Data: Histogram & Graf Garis
Have intermediate value No intermediate value

Ada nilai perantara Tiada nilai perantara
Relation of MV-RV / Hubungan PUM-PUB: Relation of MV-RV / Hubungan PUM-PUB:
The … MV, the … RV  2 - 3 data
Semakin … PUM, semakin … PUB Comparison / Perbandingan
 More than 3 data / Lebih 3 data
Different MV, different RV
PUM yang berbeza, mempunyai PUB berbeza
Example / Contoh Example / Contoh:
Rate of photosynthesis, Rate of Determine energy value, determine vitamin
transpiration C content, Level of water pollution
Kadar fotosintesis, Kadar transpirasi Menentukan nilai tenaga, menentukan kandungan
vitamin C, tahap pencemaran air
RARE HYPOTHESIS
Hipotesis “RARE”
Statement Hypothesis / Hipotesis Pernyataan
SPECIAL HYPOTHESIS
Hipotesis ISTIMEWA
Eksperiment involved an ENZYME

Eksperimen yang membabitkan ENZIM
CONSTRUCTING TABLE.
MEMBUAT JADUAL
Construct tables that contain all the data required by the question.
Bina jadual yang mengandungi semua maklumat yang diperlukan oleh soalan.
Normally CONSISTING:
1. Unit is important / Unit adalah PENTING

2. All data MUST be UNIFORM / Semua data mestilah SERAGAM
(Maximum decimal point is 1 / Titik perpuluhan maksima ialah 1)
5|RAJABIO_2016
CONSTRUCTING a GRAPH based on TABLE.
MEMBUAT GRAF berdasarkan JADUAL
Common shape of a graph

Bentuk asas graf
RV / PUB
(UNIT)
MV / PUM
(UNIT)
3 aspects in marking:
3 aspek pemarkahan:
1. Axes (A) : Both axis are labeled and have a right and uniform scales.
Kedua-dua plot dilabelkan beserta unit dan skala yang betul serta
seragam
2. Point (P) : All points are correctly plotted.
Semua titik dipindahkan dengan betul
3. Shape (S) : All points are connected smoothly
Semua titik disambungkan dengan betul
RELATIONSHIP based on GRAPH

PERHUBUNGAN berdasarkan GRAF
Method of writing must follow these 2 rules

Kaedah penulisan mesti menurut 2 peraturan berikut:
Rule #1
Peraturan #1:
Following position MV - RV
Mengikut kedudukan PUM PUB
Rule #2
Peraturan #2:
Based on graph presentation

Berdasarkan persembahan graf
6|RAJABIO_2016
RV / PUB (UNIT)
MV / PUM (UNIT)
Bar Chart / Graf palang:
The relation MV – RV will be, either:
Perhubungan PUM-PUB samada:
 2 – 3 data : Comparison /
Perbandingan
 More < 3 data : Different MV, different RV /
PUM yang berbeza, mempunyai PUB berbeza
Histogram or Line Graph / Histogram atau Graf Garis
RV / PUB (UNIT)
MV / PUM (UNIT)
The relation MV – RV will be:
Perhubungan PUM-PUB adalah:
 The … MV , the … RV
Semakin … PUM, semakin … PUB
Marks allocation for relationship based on graph
Pembahagian markah untuk perhubungan berdasarkan graf
If; instruction of question are “State the relationship … “

Jika arahan soalan adalah “Nyatakan perhubungan …”
Relationship MV-RV 3 marks

Perhubungan PUM-PUB 3 markah
If; instruction of question are “State the relationship … Explain … “

Jika arahan soalan adalah “Nyatakan perhubungan …Terangkan …”
Relationship MV-RV because [reasonable reason]

Perhubungan PUM-PUB kerana (alasan munasabah)
2 marks 1 mark
2 markah 1 markah
7|RAJABIO_2016
OPERATIONAL DEFINATION
DEFINASI OPERASI
Method of writing operational definition

Kaedah penulisan definasi operasi
TERM + GENERAL DEFINATION + shown by RVT which is depending on
MVT when using the same CV
ISTILAH + DEFINASI UMUM + ditunjukkan oleh PUBJ yang dipengaruhi oleh PUMJ apabila
menggunakan PUMa yang sama.
PREDICTION
RAMALAN
Question will provide a REFERENCE ANSWER (Based on Table in Question).

By using the reference answer; method to answer is:
Soalan akan berikan JAWAPAN RUJUKAN (Berdasarkan Jadual dalam soalan)
Dengan menggunakan jawapan rujukan; kaedah untuk menjawab ialah:
Used the REFERENCE ANSWER to predict lower / higher result

Gunakan JAWAPAN RUJUKAN untuk meramalkan keputusan lebih rendah / tinggi
CLASSIFICATION
PENGELASAN
1. APPARATUS: Can be RE USED; example BEAKER.

RADAS: BOLEH di GUNA SEMULA; contohnya BIKAR
2. MATERIALS: CAN NOT be RE USED; example IODINE SOLUTION

BAHAN: TIDAK BOLEH di GUNA SEMULA; contohnya LARUTAN IODIN
Number of Data NOT NECESSARY the SAME.

Bilangan DATA, TIDAK semestinya SAMA.
8|RAJABIO_2016
TECHNIQUE OF ANSWERING PAPER 3 BIOLOGY [SECTION B]
KAEDAH MENJAWAB KERTAS 3 BIOLOGI [BAHAGIAN B]
2 phase of answering PAPER III [4511/3]

2 fasa menjawab soalan KERTAS III [4511/3]
 Phase I: Preparation Stage / Fasa Persediaan

 Phase II: Answering Stage / Fasa Menjawab
Phase I: Preparation Stage / Fasa Persediaan
STEP 01: Built a table as showed below

Langkah 1: Bina jadual seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah
Variable / Method to handle

Pembolehubah(PU) variables / Materials & Apparatus
Abstract Concrete Kaedah Menggunakan Bahan & Radas
Tersirat Tersurat Pembolehubah
MV
PUM
RV
PUB
CV
PUMa
STEP 02: Read the stem of question.

Langkah 02: Baca stem soalan.
There are 1 component only must be gain from the stem of question
Terdapat 1 perkara yang mesti diperolehi daripada stem soalan
Objective of experiment to gain both MVO & RVO

Objektif eksperimen untuk mendapatkan PUMJ dan PUBJ
Constant variables only exist in CONCRETE situation

Pembolehubah malar hanya wujud dalam keadaan TERSURAT sahaja.
STEP 03: Find objective of experiment.

Langkah 01: Dapatkan objektif eksperimen
STEP 04: Recall diagram of an experiment.

Langkah 02: Ingat semula gambarajah eksperimen
9|RAJABIO_2016
Memorize the diagram of materials & Apparatus is the SECRETE

for Section B
Mengingat rajah bahan dan radas adalah RAHSIAH untuk Bahagian B
REFER LIST of EXPERIMENT / RUJUK senarai EKSPERIMEN
Phase II: Answering Stage / Fasa Menjawab
PROBLEM STATEMENT.[ 3 marks]

Pernyataan masalah [3 markah]
MUST consist 3 criterias:

MESTI mempunyai 3 kriteria:
 Begin with asking word – “Does / How does / How “

Bermula dengan Perkatan pertanyaan – “Adakah / Bagaimanakah “
 MV - RV
PUM - PUB
 End with question marks “?”

Berakhir dengan tanda soal “?”
Technique if objective have “effect”

Teknik sekiranya objektif ada perkataan “kesan”
…… to investigate the EFFECT of MVO on the RATE of RVO

……. Menjalankan penyiasat kesan PUMP ke atas KADAR PUBO
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PROBLEM STATEMENT / PERNYATAAN MASALAH
DOES MVO EFFECT on the RATE of RVO ?

Adakah PUMO mempengaruhi KADAR PUBO ?
Technique if HYPOTHESIS is COMPARISON

Teknik sekiranya HIPOTESIS adalah PERBANDINGAN.
Lime contain higher percentage of vitamin C compare to watermelon juice

Limau mempunyai peratusan vitamin C lebih tinggi berbanding jus tembikai.
PROBLEM STATEMENT / PERNYATAAN MASALAH
DOES [ HYPOTHESIS] ?
Adakah [HIPOTESIS]
VARIABLES [ 3 marks]
Pembolehubah [3 markah]
Constant Variables :
Responding Variables :
Manipulative Variables :
LIST of MATERIALS & APPARATUS [ 3 marks]

Hipotesis [3 markah]
List of Materials and Apparatus is HARD to gain 3 marks but it’s

NOT IMPPOSSIBLE
Senarai Bahan & Radas paling SUKAR untuk mendapat 3 markah tetapi ia TIDAK
MUSTAHIL
11 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE or METHOD [ 3 marks]
Kaedah dan Langkah-langkah eksperimen [3 markah]
In marking scheme to gain 3 marks; student must able to have all the
points below
Dalam kaedah pemarkahan untuk 3 markah, pelajar mesti mempunyai semua kriteria di
bawah:
 K1 : Steps to set up the apparatus

Langkah menggunakan radas dan bahan
K1 = ACTION + MATERIALS / APPARATUS

K1 = KERJA + BAHAN / RADAS
 K2 : Steps to handle the fixed variable

Langkah menguruskan pembolehubah malar
 K3 : Steps to handle the manipulated variable

Langkah menguruskan pembolehubah manipulasi
 K4 : Steps to handle the responding variable

Langkah menguruskan pembolehubah bergerakbalas
 K5 : Precautionary steps / steps taken to get accurate results

Langkah berjaga jaga untuk mendapatkan keputusan yang tepat.
Common Precaution step

Langkah berjaga jaga yang normal
Repeat experiment 3 times to have an accurate answer

Ulang eksperimen 3 kali untuk mendapatkan keputusan yang tepat
Marking Method
Kaedah Pemarkahan
Marks / Markah Number of K / Bilangan K

3 5
2 3–4
1 2 -1
12 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
PRESENTATION of DATA [ 2 marks]
Persembahan data [2 markah]
Method #1 / Kaedah #1: BASIC
MV / PUM RV / PUB
Number of air bubbles release in 10

Concentration of Hydrogen Carbonate
minutes
Kepekatan larutan hydrogen karbonat
Bilangan gelembung udara yang
(%)
dibebaskan dalam 10 minit
10
20
30
Method #2 / Kaedah #2: INTERMEDIATE
MV / PUM RV / PUB RV / PUB
Concentration of Hydrogen Number of air bubbles release

Rate of photosynthesis
Carbonate in 10 minutes
Kadar proses fotosintesis
Kepekatan larutan hydrogen Bilangan gelembung udara
(Number of air bubbles / 5
karbonat yang dibebaskan dalam 10
minutes)
(%) minit
10
20
30
Method #3 / Kaedah #3: ADVANCED
MV / PUM RV / PUB RV / PUB

Concentration of Hydrogen Number of air bubbles Rate of photosynthesis
Carbonate release in 10 minutes Kadar proses
Set Kepekatan larutan hydrogen Bilangan gelembung fotosintesis
karbonat udara yang dibebaskan (Number of air bubbles /
(%) dalam 10 minit 5 minutes)
A 10
B 20
C 30
Add new ROW on the LEFT of MV; the table become awesome
Tambah satu LAJUR ke kanan MV, jadual menjadi lebih osem
13 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
KERTAS 2
KEKERAPAN
TINGGI
14 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
Cell Structure & Its Function / Struktur Sel & Fungsinya
15 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
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EXERCISE::: Cell Structure & Its Function / Struktur Sel & Fungsinya
19 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
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MOVEMENT of SUBSTANCE across the PLASMA MEMBRANE
Pergerakan Bahan Merentas Membran.
21 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
TIPS:
2 SOLUTION WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION

1st Solution with HIGHER CONCENTRATION = HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
2nd Solution with LOWER CONCENTRATION = HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
Osmosis = 2nd to 1st
Simple diffusion = 1st to 2nd
Facilitated Diffusion = 1st to 2nd

 Requiered CARRIER PROTEIN
Active Transport = 2nd to 1st

 Requiered CARRIER PROTEIN
Common Answering Scheme
1. ___________ is ______________
2. ___________ is ______________
3. It create concentration gradient.
4. ___________ will diffuse from ______________ to
______________
5. By ______________
If; involving cell:
6. ___________ cell will ______________

7. Process ___________ occured.
If; involving organism
8. ORGANISM will ___________
22 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
EXERCISE::: MOVEMENT of SUBSTANCE across the PLASMA MEMBRANE
23 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
MOVEMENT and SUPPORT in HUMAN & ANIMAL
Pergerakan dan Sokongan pada Manusia & Haiwan.
24 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
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TIPS
Common Answering Scheme
Pulling Pull ACTION

CONTRACT Tendon RELAX
Force [BONE] occured
EXERCISE::: MOVEMENT and SUPPORT in HUMAN & ANIMAL
33 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
MENDELS LAW & INHERITENCE in HUMAN
Hukum Mendel & Pewarisan dalam Manusia
The CORE is UNDERSTANDING SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
34 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
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EXERCISE::: MENDELS LAW & INHERITENCE
37 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
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BIOTIC & ABIOTIC COMPONENT IN ECOSYSTEM
Komponen Biotik & Abiotik di dalam Ekosistem
39 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
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EXERCISE::: BIOTIC & ABIOTIC COMPONENT IN ECOSYSTEM
44 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
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MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Kitar Haid
47 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
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EXERCISE::: MENSTRUAL CYCLE
49 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
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EXERCISE::: EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN ZYGOTE
51 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
CAUSE of VARIATION
Punca Variasi
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EXERCISE::: CAUSE of VARIATION
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STRUCTURED OF RESPIRATION & MECHANISM OF RESPIRATION IN
HUMAN & ORGANISM
Struktur Respirasi & Mekanisma Pernafasan pada Haiwan
59 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
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EXERCISE::: STRUCTURED OF RESPIRATION & MECHANISM OF
RESPIRATION IN HUMAN & ORGANISM
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BALANCED DIET & MALNUTRITION
Diet Seimbang & Malnutrisi
70 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
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EXERCISE::: BALANCED DIET & MALNUTRITION
72 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Fotosintesis
74 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
EXERCISE::: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
75 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
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COLONIZATION & SUCCESSION
Pengkolonian & Sesaran
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FUNCTION of NERVOUS SYSTEM, HORMONE &

HOMEOSTASIS
Fungsi Sistem Saraf, Hormon & Homeostasis
81 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
KERTAS 2
LUAR JANGKA
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PEMBIAKAN PADA TUMBUHAN BERBUNGA
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KAWALATUR MEKANISMA PERNAFASAN
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PEMBIAKAN PADA TUMBUHAN BERBUNGA
87 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
SISTEM LIMFA
88 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
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PERTUMBUHAN SEKUNDER
90 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
MITOSIS & MEIOSIS
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93 | R A J A B I O _ 2 0 1 6
KOORDINASI & GERAKBALAS
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RAJABIO RAMALAN 2016

VARIABLES is VERY IMPORTANT

OBJECTIVE [O] replaced ABSTRACT / TERSIRAT

TABLE [T] replaced CONCRETE / TERSURAT

OBJECTIVE [O] we gained from OBJECTIVE of EXPERIMENT

TABLE [T] we gained from TABLE of EXPERIMENT

Use different MV that is state all data for every

RV ACTION and record the RV by using TOOL //

Used Numbering Method

The location of meniscus in tube (X) of photometer after

Write following the number sequence

There are 2 methods of writing an inference:

Use different MVT that is state all data for

ACTION and record the RVT by using TOOL //

Use the same CV that is state data (by using tool)

Only used the TABLE VARIABLES.

Method of writing hypothesis

Hypothesis= MVO + Relation (MV & RV) + RVO

Use abstract / OBJECTIVE variables only.

Hypothesis= MV + Relation (MV & RV) + RV

2 marks: Position MV & RV

Continuos Data Discrete Data

Have intermediate value No intermediate value

Statement Hypothesis / Hipotesis Pernyataan

Eksperiment involved an ENZYME

1. Unit is important / Unit adalah PENTING

Common shape of a graph

RELATIONSHIP based on GRAPH

Method of writing must follow these 2 rules

Based on graph presentation

Histogram or Line Graph / Histogram atau Graf Garis

If; instruction of question are “State the relationship … “

Relationship MV-RV 3 marks

If; instruction of question are “State the relationship … Explain … “

Relationship MV-RV because [reasonable reason]

Method of writing operational definition

TERM + GENERAL DEFINATION + shown by RVT which is depending on

MVT when using the same CV

Question will provide a REFERENCE ANSWER (Based on Table in Question).

Used the REFERENCE ANSWER to predict lower / higher result

1. APPARATUS: Can be RE USED; example BEAKER.

2. MATERIALS: CAN NOT be RE USED; example IODINE SOLUTION

Number of Data NOT NECESSARY the SAME.

2 phase of answering PAPER III [4511/3]

 Phase I: Preparation Stage / Fasa Persediaan

Phase I: Preparation Stage / Fasa Persediaan

STEP 01: Built a table as showed below

Variable / Method to handle

STEP 02: Read the stem of question.

Objective of experiment to gain both MVO & RVO

Constant variables only exist in CONCRETE situation

STEP 03: Find objective of experiment.

STEP 04: Recall diagram of an experiment.

Memorize the diagram of materials & Apparatus is the SECRETE

REFER LIST of EXPERIMENT / RUJUK senarai EKSPERIMEN

Phase II: Answering Stage / Fasa Menjawab

PROBLEM STATEMENT.[ 3 marks]

MUST consist 3 criterias:

 Begin with asking word – “Does / How does / How “

6. _ cell will ____