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Wibowo 2015
Wibowo 2015
Wibowo 2015
STMKG campus
,
Bagus Adi Wibowo , Drajat Ngadmanto, and Daryono
Abstract.A geophysic survey is performed to detect subsurface structure under STMKG Campus in Pondok
Betung, South Tangerang, Indonesia, using seismic refraction method. The survey used PASI 16S24-U24. The
waveform data is acquired from 3 different tracks on the research location with a close range from each track.
On each track we expanded 24 geofons with spacing between receiver 2 meters and the total length of each
track about 48 meters. The waveform data analysed using 2 different ways. First, used a seismic
refractionapplication WINSISIM 12 and second, used a Hagiwara Method.From both analysis, we known the
velocity of P-wave in the first and second layer and the thickness of the first layer. From the velocity and the
thickness informations we made 2-D vertical subsurface profiles. In this research, we only detect 2 layers in
each tracks. The P-wave velocity of first layer is about 200-500 m/s with the thickness of this layer about 3-6
m/s. The P-wave velocity of second layer is about 400-900 m/s.From the P-wave velocity data we interpreted
that both layer consisted by similar materials such as top soil, soil, sand, unsaturated gravel, alluvium and clay.
But, the P-wave velocity difference between those 2 layers assumed happening because the first layer is soil
embankment layer, having younger age than the layer below.
PACS: 91.30.pb
INTRODUCTION
Seismic Refraction Method is a geophysics methods to acquire an information about shallow subsurface
structures. This method became populer because it is requiring only few workers, having a cheap operational cost
and taking a short time [1]. When the seismic waves spread through Earth’s interior, the waves creeping through
many mediums. When its meet with layer boundaries, half of the waves reflected and others half refracted. Then the
refracted waves arrive at each receiver as the P-waves arrivals. The analysis of P-waves arrivals at each receiver is
implemented to create the 2-D seismic profilling from the velocity of P-waves when spreading through the layers
and the thickness of the layers itself. From the profilling, we can determine the materials that arranging the layer and
the the thickness of the layer.
The research was held in the STMKG Campus, located at 6°15'54.38" S and 106°44'55.17" E (Figure 1).
Generally, the areas around the STMKG Campus in South Tangerang City are the flat terrain. In geological
viewpoint, the region of South Tangerang consisted by coastal and river alluvium deposits (Qa), plistosen sediment
rocks (Qps) and oligosen sediment rocks (Toss) [2].
4th International Symposium on Earthquake and Disaster Mitigation 2014 (ISEDM 2014)
AIP Conf. Proc. 1658, 040002-1–040002-7; doi: 10.1063/1.4915035
© 2015 AIP Publishing LLC 978-0-7354-1300-9/$30.00
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FIGURE 1.The Java Island, Indonesia, and a half region between The Capital Province of Jakarta and South Tangerang City,
and then the Research Area. The Researched Lines (red line) are shown in following order: The 1 st Line (1a-1b), The 2nd Line
(2a-2b), and the 3rd line (3a-3b) .(Google Earth, 2014)
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FIGURE 2.The receivers arrangement’s scheme and the location of seismic disturbance sources.
RESULT
Data Processing Result Using WINSISM 12 Application
The data proccessing result in the 2-D subsurface profilling using WINSISM 12 are shown in Figure 3, 4, and 5.
Figure 3 (Line 1) shown P-waves velocity in the first layer about 200-500 m/s with its thickness about 5-5,5 meters,
and the P-waves velocity in the second layer about 500-900 m/s. Figure 4 (Line 2) shown P-waves velocity in the
first layer about 200-300 m/s with its thickness about 3-4,5 meters and P-waves velocity in the second layer about
300-900 m/s. Figure 5 (Line 3) shown P-waves velocity in the first layer about 200-400 m/s with its thickness about
2,5-3,5 meters and the P-waves velocity in second layer about 400-600 m/s The range of P-waves velocity in each
layer and the range of first layer thickness are wrote completely in Table 1.
Figure 3. The 2-D subsurface seismic profilling from WINSISM 12 for Line 1
Figure 4. The 2-D subsurface seismic profilling from WINSISM 12 for Line 2
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Figure 5. The 2-D subsurface seismic profilling from WINSISM 12 for Line 3
The 2-D subsurface profilling from the result of Hagiwara Method are shown in Figure 6, 7, and 8. Figure 6
(Line 1) shown P-waves velocity in the first layer about 307,6 m/s with its thickness about 3-5 meters, and the P-
waves velocity in the second layer about 672,7 m/s. Figure 7 (Line 2) shown P-waves velocity in the first layer
about 277,3 m/s with its thickness about 1,5-4 meters and P-waves velocity in the second layer about 415,6 m/s.
Figure 8 (Line 3) shown P-waves velocity in the first layer about 306,1 m/s with its thickness about 3,5-5,5 meters
and the P-waves velocity in second layer about 747,5 m/s The range of P-waves velocity in each layer and the range
of first layer thickness are wrote completely in Table 2.
Figure 6. The 2-D subsurface seismic profilling from Hagiwara Method for Line 1
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Figure 7. The 2-D subsurface seismic profilling from Hagiwara Method for Line 2
Figure 8. The 2-D subsurface seismic profilling from Hagiwara Method for Line 3
DISCUSSIONS
The measurement result on the lines with total length 48 meters and spacing 2 meters between receivers in each
line detected only 2 upper layers. The proccessing result using 2 methods gave similar values. The first layer
thickness in all lines variated about 1,5-5,5 meters. The layer boundary is flat with unsignificant different in layer
thickness, and there is no steep layer boundary between both layers.
With a close distance between lines (Figure 1), we interpreted that for the first layer in this research location the
first layer P-waves velocity about 200-500 m/s and the second layer P-waves velocity about 400-900 m/s. From that
range of values in each layer, we assumed the materials that consisting the layers. According to [4], for P-waves
velocity about 200-700 m/s are associated with materials such as top soil, sand and unsaturated gravels. Almost
similar with [4], [5] assuming the layer with the P-waves velocity about 300-400 m/s are consisted by top soil and
alluvium materials. A layer with the P-waves velocity about 200-100 m/s are mainly consisted by unsaturated
materials like sand (dry) [6]. In same range of P-waves velocity values like [6], [7] assumed sand, soil, and little part
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of clay as the main materials of the layer. According to the previous researchs that are mentioned before, we
concluded that 2 upper layers on this site (STMKG Campus) consisting by similar materials. The assumptions are
strengthened by the geological conditions in the South Tangerang City.
Even consisting by similar material, the different of P-waves velocity between the first and second layer shown
additional conclusions. The differents is assumed happening because the compactness different between each soil
granule in both layers. Older dan deeper layer had bigger pressure from the layer mass above . The second layer able
to spread P-waves faster than the first layer. It means the second layer older and more compact than the younger
layer above. We assumed the first layer in the research site as the soil embankment layer. This assumption is also
mentioned by [1]. They assumed the layer with P-waves velocity about 200-400 m/s as the soil embankment layer.
The soil embankment layer is also consisted by top soil, soil, sand, unsaturated gravel, coastal and river deposit
(alluvium) and clay [1].
CONCLUSIONS
The research have successfully detected 2 upper layers on the research site. The first layer, had the P-waves
velocity about 200-500 m/s, with the thickness about 3-6 meters below the surface.The second layer had the P-
waves velocity about 400-900 m/s. From the p-waves velocity data both layers are consisted by similar materials,
such as top soil, soil, sand, unsaturated gravels, coastal and river deposits and clay.The P-waves velocity different
between the first and the second layer happened because the first layer are assumed as the soil embankment layer
that used earlier to flat the research site for the construction purposes before.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The writers thank The State College of Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (STMKG), The Indonesian
Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) for the chances and support during the research and
The ISEDM ITB 2014’s Commitees for the opportunities to present our research result in their event.
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