STAT 342 Statistical Methods for Engineers

Instructors Dr. Salem Aljuhani

Office: C-205
e-mail s.aljuhani@upm.edu.sa
Phone: (014) 831-1083
Office Hours SMTWR 10:00—11:00AM
Course Description
This course covers Basics of Probability and statistics designed for engineering students.
This course introduces the basic concepts of probability and statistics to engineering
students. Emphasis will be given on the understanding of the nature of randomness of real
world phenomena; the formulation of statistical methods by using intuitive arguments, solving
them and thereby making meaningful decisions.

Text Book
Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers by D. Montgomery and G. Runger, 6th Edition,
Wiley, 2014.

Recommended Reference Books

• Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences, Jay Devore, Brooks/Cole.
• At the level of Probability and Statistical Inference, Hogg and Tanis, Pearson.
• Engineering Statistics, Montgomery, Runger and Hubele, WileyPlus.
Course Goals and Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students should acquire:

• A thorough understanding of descriptive statistics, both graphical and numerical.

• A working knowledge of sample spaces, events, and operations on events.

• Elementary probability concepts.

• A good understanding of random variables and their means and variances.

• Basic discrete and continuous random variables.

• The concept of a sampling distribution, and the central limit theorem.

• Point and interval estimation of means and proportions.

• Basic concepts of hypothesis testing including the hypothesis testing setup, procedure, p-values.

• Correlation.
• Simple linear regression, including estimation and testing of model parameters.
Evaluation Procedure
The final grade in the course is calculated as a weighted average of the required assignments
and examinations during the course with the following weights:

Homework Quizzes --- the best five will be counted 10%

Surprise (POP) Quizzes --- the best five will be counted 15%
Class Participation 10%
Major Exam#1 (Monday, October 30, 2017)—Chapters 2, 3 &4 15%
Major Exam#2 (Monday, November 27, 2017) 15%
Final Exam --- Comprehensive (Final exams Period) 35%
TOTAL 100%
Evaluation Procedure
Homework will be assigned on a regular basis but not graded, instead there will be a
homework quiz at the time of submission. The homework assignments could contain data
analysis problems and/or book exercises. You are encouraged to work together in groups on
homework to solidify your knowledge of the material.

NO MAKEUP quizzes.

There will be BONUS POINTS for positive class participation and quality contribution; NO
limits on the accumulated bonus points.

You are responsible for all material covered in class, in assigned readings, and on homework
assignments. You are expected to attend class unless you have a valid excuse. I encourage
you to come to my office hours whenever you have any questions concerning the course.
Course Topics ---- Exam #1 materials
Week Date Course Topics
1 Sep 17-21 Ch 2: Probability
2.1 Sample Space and Events (2-1.1 – 2-1.3)
2.2 Axioms of Probability
2.3 Addition Rule
2.4 Conditional Probability
2 Sep 24-28 2.5 Multiplication Rule
2.6 Independence
2.7 Bayes' Theorem
Ch 3: Discrete Probability Distributions
3.1 Discrete Random variables
3.2 Probability Mass Functions
3.3 Cumulative Distribution Functions
3 Oct 01-05 3.4 Mean and Variance
3.5 Discrete Uniform Distribution
3.6 Binomial Distribution
3.7 Geometric Distribution
4 Oct 08-12 3.8 Hypergeometric Distribution
3.9 Poisson Distribution
Ch 4: Continuous Probability Distributions
4.1 Continuous Random Variables
4.2 Probability Density Functions
5 Oct 15-19 4.3 Cumulative Distribution Functions
4.4 Mean and Variance
4.5 Continuous Uniform Distribution
6 Oct 22-26 4.6 The Normal Distribution
4.7 Normal Approximation to the Binomial and Poisson
4.8 Exponential Distribution
Course Topics ---- Exam #2 materials
Week Date Course Topics

7 Oct 29-Nov 02 Ch 7: Sampling Distributions

7.1 Point Estimation
7.2 Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem
8 Nov 05-09 Ch 8: Statistical Intervals for a Single Sample
8.1 Confidence Interval for the Mean of a Normal Distribution with Known Variance
8.2 Confidence Interval for the Mean of a Normal Distribution with Unknown Variance
8.4 Large Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion
9 Nov 12-16 Ch 9: Tests of Hypotheses for a Single Sample
9.1 Hypothesis Testing
9-2.1 Tests on the Mean of a Normal Distribution with Known Variance
9-3.1 Tests on the Mean of a Normal Distribution with Unknown Variance
9-5.1 Tests on a Population Proportion
Course Topics ----
Week Date Course Topics
10 Nov 19-23 Ch 10: Statistical Inference for Two Samples Continued
10-1.1 Hypothesis Tests on the Difference in Means of Two Normal Distributions with Known variances
10-2.1 Hypothesis Tests on the Difference in Means of Two Normal Distributions with Unknown Variances
11 Nov 26- 30 10-1.3 Confidence Interval on the Difference in Means of Two Normal Distributions with Known Variances
10-2.3 Confidence Interval on the Difference in Means of Two Normal Distributions with Unknown Variances
10-6.3 Confidence Interval on the Difference in Population Proportions
12 Dec 03-07 10.4 Paired t-test
10-6.1 Large Sample Tests on the Difference in Population Proportions
Ch 11: Simple Linear Regression and Correlation
11.2 Simple Linear Regression
11.3 Properties of the least squares estimators
13 Dec 10-14 11-4.1 Hypothesis Tests in Simple Linear Regression
11.5 Confidence Intervals
11.6 Prediction of New Observations
14 Dec 17-21 11-7.2 Coefficient of determination
11.8 Correlation
15 Dec 24-28 Review and Catchup
Course Policies
➢ Attendance Policy

Based on the UPM policy, attendance of all classes is required. Therefore, the attendance policy will

be applied:

1) If the student unexcused absences exceeded 10%(8 Hr.), the student will get FIRST WARNING.

2) If the student unexcused absences exceeded 15%, (12 Hr.) the student will get SECOND WARNING.

3) If the student unexcused absences exceeded 25%, (19 Hr.) the student will get DN (DENIAL). A DN

student will not be allowed to attend the final exam and will get a final DN grade in the course.

4) A student who arrives late to class but within the first 10 Min. is considered late, while a student who

arrives to class after 10 minutes will be marked absent and allowed to attend the class.

5) 3 late arrivals are counted as one absence.

Course Policies
➢ Electronic Device Policy
Students should maintain a calm and disciplined environment during the class (electronic
devices like mobile phones and laptops are not allowed during the class and exams)

➢ Academic Integrity
Academic Integrity: to maintain a culture of academic integrity, members of the University of
Prince Muqrin are expected to promote honesty, trust, fairness, respect and responsibility.

➢ Plagiarism
Students must write each material on their own. No copy/paste is allowed. Also, proper
reference to online text must be made.
Statistics & Probability

Background
Definitions

There are two major types of statistics:

•Descriptive:
Consists of methods for organizing and summarizing information:
✓ construction of graphs, charts, tables
✓ calculation of descriptive measures such as mean, variance, percentile, etc ….

•Inferential
Consists of methods for drawing and measuring the reliability of conclusion about a population based on
information obtained from a sample of the population.
Definitions

•Population:
The collection of all items under consideration in a statistical study.

•Sample
The part of the population from which information is obtained
Definitions
•Variable:
A characteristic that varies from one thing to another.
•Data
Value of a variable
Distribution of Data

The Distribution of a Data Set is a table, graph or formula

that provide the values of observations and often they occur.
Distribution of Data (Normal)

0.04 N (50,15) N (70,15)

0.03
N (50,25)

0.02

0.01
Mean

0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Random variable x
Definitions
•Frequency (Count):
The times a particular value occurs.
•Relative Frequency:
The ratio of the frequency to the total number of observations.

Organizing Data
Group the data into classes (also known as categories or bins):
➢Single value grouping
Each class represent single possible value
Suitable for small number of distinct values
➢Limit grouping (class limits)
olower class limit: the smallest value that could go in a class
oUpper class limit: the largest value that could go in a class
oClass width: the difference between the limit values The result is a histogram plot.
oClass mark: the average of the two class limits
Histogram Examples