Part​ ​I​ ​(20%​ ​total).

​ ​You​ ​will​ ​be​ ​asked​ ​to​ ​identify,​ ​discuss,​ ​and​ ​describe​ ​the​ ​significance​ ​for​ ​the​ ​Beatles​ ​of
a​ ​number​ ​names​ ​and​ ​terms​ ​selected​ ​from​ ​the​ ​following​ ​list:

The​ ​Quarrymen​​ ​-​ ​British​ ​Skiffle/Rock​ ​N’​ ​Roll​ ​band​ ​from​ ​Liverpool,​ ​England​ ​in​ ​1956.​ ​ ​Founded​ ​by​ ​John
Lennon,​ ​significance​ ​is​ ​that​ ​the​ ​group​ ​would​ ​later​ ​become​ ​the​ ​one​ ​well​ ​known​ ​bands​ ​called,​ ​“The
Beatles”​ ​in​ ​the​ ​1960s.​ ​ ​Name​ ​of​ ​the​ ​band​ ​originated​ ​from,​ ​“Quarry​ ​Bank​ ​High​ ​School”,​ ​the​ ​school​ ​that
John​ ​and​ ​some​ ​of​ ​his​ ​friends​ ​went.

Brian​ ​Epstein​​ ​-The​ ​Beatles’​ ​manager​ ​who​ ​had​ ​the​ ​biggest​ ​impact​ ​on​ ​the​ ​Beatles​ ​by​ ​changing​ ​their​ ​image
from​ ​being​ ​rough​ ​necked,​ ​leather​ ​jacket​ ​wearing​ ​musicians​ ​to​ ​wearing​ ​clean-cut​ ​suits​ ​and​ ​not​ ​swearing,
smoking,​ ​or​ ​drinking​ ​during​ ​their​ ​performances.​ ​ ​Also​ ​gave​ ​the​ ​Beatles​ ​the​ ​chance​ ​to​ ​get​ ​a​ ​record​ ​deal
with​ ​EMI​ ​records​ ​and​ ​having​ ​a​ ​breakthrough​ ​career.

Pete​ ​Best​ ​-​ ​Pete​ ​Best​ ​was​ ​the​ ​original​ ​drummer​ ​for​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​from​ ​1960​ ​to​ ​1962.​ ​Paul
McCartney​ ​recruited​ ​Best​ ​as​ ​their​ ​drummer​ ​for​ ​their​ ​Hamburg​ ​shows.​ ​Eventually,​ ​Lennon,
McCartney,​ ​and​ ​Harrison​ ​gave​ ​Epstein​ ​the​ ​unpleasant​ ​job​ ​of​ ​dismissing​ ​Best,​ ​who​ ​was​ ​replaced
by​ ​Ringo​ ​Starr.

Stu​ ​Sutcliffe​​ ​-​ ​A​ ​short-lived​ ​member,​ ​Stu​ ​Sutcliffe​ ​played​ ​the​ ​bass​ ​for​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​through​ ​his
friendship​ ​with​ ​Lennon​ ​(they​ ​met​ ​at​ ​Liverpool​ ​Art​ ​College).​ ​Though​ ​only​ ​a​ ​marginal​ ​piece​ ​of
The​ ​Beatles,​ ​his​ ​relationship​ ​with​ ​Astrid​ ​Kirchherr​ ​(photographer/artist)​ ​influenced​ ​the​ ​band’s
look​ ​by​ ​introducing​ ​the​ ​mop-top,​ ​giving​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​a​ ​more​ ​edgy​ ​look.​ ​This​ ​mop​ ​top​ ​hairstyle
gained​ ​popularity​ ​and​ ​was​ ​adopted​ ​by​ ​numerous​ ​fans​ ​through​ ​the​ ​1960s.

Hamburg​​ ​-​ ​At​ ​Hamburg,​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​(Lennon,​ ​Harrison,​ ​Sutcliffe,​ ​and​ ​Best)​ ​performed​ ​series
of​ ​shows​ ​from​ ​1960​ ​to​ ​1962.​ ​They​ ​regularly​ ​played​ ​ ​in​ ​several​ ​clubs​ ​such​ ​as​ ​Indra​ ​Club,
Kaiserkeller​ ​Club,​ ​and​ ​Top​ ​Ten​ ​Club.​ ​The​ ​Hamburg​ ​experience​ ​for​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​was​ ​a​ ​decisive
role​ ​that​ ​taught​ ​them​ ​the​ ​art​ ​of​ ​performance,​ ​gained​ ​them​ ​a​ ​wider​ ​reputation,​ ​and​ ​led​ ​them​ ​to
their​ ​first​ ​record.

Tony​ ​Sheridan​ ​-​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​met​ ​the​ ​rock​ ​&​ ​roll​ ​singer/songwriter/guitarist​ ​at​ ​their​ ​Hamburg
trip​ ​in​ ​1960.​ ​He​ ​is​ ​significant​ ​in​ ​that​ ​he​ ​has​ ​made​ ​several​ ​collaborations​ ​with​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​and
sung​ ​as​ ​lead​ ​vocals​ ​on​ ​The​ ​Beatles’​ ​first​ ​commercially-released​ ​single​ ​“My​ ​Bonnie.”​ ​This​ ​first
record​ ​played​ ​a​ ​pivotal​ ​role​ ​in​ ​their​ ​career,​ ​securing​ ​their​ ​growing​ ​fanbase.

Cavern​ ​Club​​ ​-​ ​They​ ​first​ ​performed​ ​at​ ​the​ ​Cavern​ ​Club​ ​as​ ​The​ ​Quarrymen​ ​and​ ​later​ ​evolved
into​ ​The​ ​Beatles.​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​(Lennon,​ ​McCartney,​ ​Harrison,​ ​and​ ​Best)​ ​gained​ ​their​ ​popularity
at​ ​this​ ​club​ ​in​ ​Liverpool,​ ​England,​ ​playing​ ​almost​ ​300​ ​shows.​ ​Cavern​ ​Club​ ​is​ ​where​ ​Brian
Epstein​ ​noticed​ ​them​ ​first​ ​hand,​ ​setting​ ​them​ ​on​ ​the​ ​path​ ​to​ ​superstardom.
EMI​​ ​-​ ​EMI​ ​Studios​ ​is​ ​a​ ​recording​ ​studio​ ​in​ ​London,​ ​England​ ​where​ ​the​ ​Beatles​ ​recorded​ ​most
of​ ​their​ ​music​ ​between​ ​1962-1970.​ ​In​ ​June​ ​1962,​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​successfully​ ​got​ ​their​ ​first
audition​ ​at​ ​EMI​ ​studios​ ​that​ ​led​ ​them​ ​to​ ​signing​ ​a​ ​recording​ ​contract​ ​with​ ​EMI’s​ ​Parlophone
record​ ​label.​ ​They​ ​recorded​ ​four​ ​songs:​ ​Besame​ ​Mucho,​ ​Love​ ​Me​ ​Do,​ ​PS​ ​I​ ​Love​ ​You,​ ​and​ ​Ask
Me​ ​Why.

George​ ​Martin​​ ​-​ ​George​ ​Martin​ ​is​ ​a​ ​producer​ ​and​ ​arranger​ ​who​ ​signed​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​their​ ​first
recording​ ​contract​ ​with​ ​Parlophone​ ​records​ ​after​ ​hearing​ ​their​ ​audition​ ​recordings.​ ​Almost
every​ ​recording,​ ​from​ ​the​ ​first​ ​single​ ​“Love​ ​Me​ ​Do”​ ​to​ ​the​ ​last​ ​album​ ​Abbey​ ​Road,​ ​was
produced​ ​by​ ​George​ ​Martin.​ ​His​ ​most​ ​important​ ​contributions​ ​to​ ​the​ ​Beatles’​ ​music​ ​were​ ​his
lavish​ ​arrangements​ ​that​ ​made​ ​their​ ​rock​ ​&​ ​roll​ ​music​ ​sound​ ​more​ ​distinct.

“​Eyeball-to-eyeball​”​ ​-​ ​A​ ​term​ ​which​ ​refers​ ​to​ ​John​ ​Lennon​ ​and​ ​Paul​ ​McCartney​ ​working​ ​on
and​ ​writing​ ​songs​ ​together​ ​which​ ​was​ ​done​ ​one​ ​on​ ​one​ ​or​ ​better​ ​described​ ​as​ ​“eyeball​ ​to
eyeball.”​ ​The​ ​eyeball​ ​to​ ​eyeball​ ​process​ ​would​ ​have​ ​one​ ​write​ ​the​ ​verse​ ​and​ ​the​ ​other​ ​finish​ ​the
song.​ ​This​ ​Lennon-McCartney​ ​collaboration​ ​formed​ ​the​ ​core​ ​of​ ​the​ ​band,​ ​which​ ​made​ ​great
songs​ ​like​ ​“She​ ​Loves​ ​You”​ ​and​ ​“From​ ​Me​ ​to​ ​You.”

Beatlemania​ ​-​ ​A​ ​term​ ​which​ ​refers​ ​to​ ​extreme​ ​fan​ ​frenzy​ ​for​ ​the​ ​Beatles,​ ​originating​ ​in​ ​the
1960s.​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​inspired​ ​teenage​ ​girls​ ​to​ ​faint,​ ​weep,​ ​pee​ ​themselves,​ ​and​ ​scream​ ​at​ ​the​ ​top
of​ ​their​ ​lungs​ ​for​ ​the​ ​band​ ​members.​ ​The​ ​fan​ ​base​ ​continued​ ​to​ ​grow​ ​and​ ​show​ ​great
enthusiasm​ ​as​ ​the​ ​Beatles​ ​were​ ​heard​ ​everywhere​ ​on​ ​the​ ​radio​ ​and​ ​television.

Ed​ ​Sullivan​​ ​-​ ​Ed​ ​Sullivan​ ​is​ ​the​ ​host​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Ed​ ​Sullivan​ ​Show​.​ ​The​ ​Beatles’​ ​first​ ​televised
concert​ ​in​ ​the​ ​U.S.​ ​was​ ​on​ ​the​ ​Ed​ ​Sullivan​ ​Show​ ​in​ ​Feb.​ ​1964​ ​with​ ​73​ ​million​ ​viewers.

Shea​ ​Stadium​​ ​-​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​perform​ ​at​ ​the​ ​Shea​ ​Stadium​ ​in​ ​New​ ​York​ ​City​ ​in​ ​their​ ​second
U.S.​ ​concert​ ​tour​ ​(1965).​ ​It​ ​was​ ​a​ ​record-breaking​ ​show​ ​with​ ​over​ ​50,000​ ​in​ ​attendance,
creating​ ​one​ ​of​ ​the​ ​greatest​ ​revenue​ ​for​ ​show​ ​business.​ ​Beatlemania​ ​was​ ​at​ ​one​ ​of​ ​its​ ​highest
marks​ ​at​ ​the​ ​Shea​ ​concert​ ​that​ ​even​ ​Ed​ ​Sullivan​ ​created​ ​a​ ​documentary​ ​of​ ​it.

Richard​ ​Lester​​ ​-​ ​An​ ​American​ ​film​ ​director​ ​who​ ​directed​ ​the​ ​Beatles’​ ​films​ ​A​ ​Hard​ ​Day’s
Night​ ​and​ ​Help!​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​play​ ​themselves​ ​in​ ​the​ ​huge​ ​box-office​ ​hit​ ​documentary​ ​A​ ​Hard
Day’s​ ​Night​ ​which​ ​showcases​ ​their​ ​charming​ ​personalities​ ​and​ ​wit.

Capitol​ ​Records​​ ​-​ ​A​ ​major​ ​American​ ​record​ ​label​ ​that​ ​was​ ​acquired​ ​by​ ​EMI.​ ​Capitol​ ​Records
released​ ​several​ ​studio​ ​albums​ ​including​ ​Meet​ ​the​ ​Beatles!,​ ​Something​ ​New,​ ​Rubber​ ​Soul,
Yesterday​ ​and​ ​Today,​ ​Revolver,​ ​Sgt.​ ​Pepper’s​ ​Lonely​ ​Hearts​ ​Club​ ​Band,​ ​Magical​ ​Mystery
Tour,​ ​and​ ​Yellow​ ​Submarine.
 United​ ​Artists​​ ​-​ ​An​ ​American​ ​film​ ​and​ ​television​ ​entertainment​ ​company​ ​that​ ​introduced​ ​the
U.S.​ ​film​ ​audiences​ ​to​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​by​ ​releasing​ ​A​ ​Hard​ ​Day’s​ ​Night​ ​and​ ​Help!​ ​A​ ​United​ ​Artists
agent​ ​based​ ​in​ ​Britain​ ​met​ ​up​ ​with​ ​Epstein​ ​and​ ​made​ ​a​ ​three-film​ ​deal​ ​with​ ​the​ ​intention​ ​of
making​ ​a​ ​cheap​ ​film​ ​to​ ​obtain​ ​the​ ​rights​ ​to​ ​an​ ​album​ ​since​ ​the​ ​Beatles’​ ​contract​ ​with​ ​EMI​ ​didn’t
cover​ ​film​ ​soundtracks.

Bob​ ​Dylan​ ​-​ ​The​ ​American​ ​singer/songwriter​ ​whose​ ​lyrics​ ​were​ ​the​ ​first​ ​in​ ​rock​ ​and​ ​roll​ ​music
to​ ​be​ ​taken​ ​seriously​ ​had​ ​a​ ​huge​ ​impact​ ​on​ ​The​ ​Beatles.​ ​He​ ​personalized​ ​his​ ​folk​ ​songs,​ ​making
them​ ​allusive​ ​and​ ​poetic.​ ​Inspired​ ​by​ ​Dylan,​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​changed​ ​their​ ​sound.​ ​They​ ​created
more​ ​mature,​ ​narrative-driven​ ​folk​ ​songs.​ ​Another​ ​significance​ ​is​ ​that​ ​Dylan​ ​introduced​ ​The
Beatles​ ​to​ ​cannabis,​ ​which​ ​changed​ ​their​ ​recording​ ​habits.

Promotional​ ​films​ ​(or​ ​music​ ​videos)​:​ ​used​ ​to​ ​promote​ ​records,​ ​especially​ ​in​ ​the​ ​United​ ​States

● “Rain”​ ​“Strawberry​ ​Fields​ ​Forever”​ ​“Penny​ ​Lane”​ ​“A​ ​Day​ ​in​ ​the​ ​Life”​ ​“Hey​ ​Jude”

Hindustani​ ​music​​ ​-​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​took​ ​a​ ​spiritual​ ​journey​ ​to​ ​India​ ​and​ ​it​ ​definitely​ ​showed
through​ ​their​ ​appearance​ ​and​ ​especially​ ​in​ ​their​ ​music.​ ​Some​ ​songs​ ​influenced​ ​by​ ​their​ ​trip​ ​to
India​ ​are​ ​“Julia,”​ ​“Blackbird,”​ ​and​ ​“While​ ​My​ ​Guitar​ ​Gently​ ​Weeps.”

musique​ ​concrète​ ​-​ ​(meaning​ ​concrete​ ​music)​ ​is​ ​a​ ​genre​ ​of​ ​electroacoustic​ ​music​ ​that​ ​features
sounds​ ​from​ ​recordings​ ​of​ ​musical​ ​instruments,​ ​voice,​ ​and​ ​environment​ ​(using​ ​tape​ ​loops).​ ​The
song​ ​“Revolution​ ​9,”​ ​emerged​ ​from​ ​“Revolution​ ​1”​ ​only​ ​the​ ​Beatles​ ​removed​ ​the​ ​outro​ ​and
used​ ​it​ ​as​ ​basis​ ​for​ ​a​ ​new​ ​musique​ ​concrete​ ​piece.

Summer​ ​tour​ ​of​ ​1966​​ ​-​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​staged​ ​their​ ​third​ ​concert​ ​tour​ ​of​ ​America​ ​in​ ​August​ ​1966,​ ​and​ ​it​ ​was
the​ ​last​ ​commercial​ ​tour​ ​they​ ​ever​ ​underwent.​ ​Lasting​ ​a​ ​total​ ​of​ ​nineteen​ ​shows,​ ​with​ ​seventeen​ ​shows
in​ ​American​ ​venues​ ​and​ ​two​ ​in​ ​Canada​ ​(Toronto),​ ​it​ ​was​ ​plagued​ ​with​ ​backlash​ ​regarding​ ​the
controversy​ ​of​ ​John​ ​Lennon's​ ​remarks​ ​about​ ​Christianity,​ ​death​ ​threats,​ ​and​ ​the​ ​band's​ ​own
dissatisfaction​ ​with​ ​the​ ​noise​ ​levels​ ​and​ ​their​ ​ability​ ​to​ ​perform​ ​live.​ ​Although​ ​it​ ​was​ ​a​ ​commercial
success,​ ​ticket​ ​sales​ ​had​ ​noticeably​ ​declined​ ​in​ ​number.​ ​After​ ​the​ ​tour,​ ​they​ ​became​ ​a​ ​studio​ ​band​ ​and
focused​ ​exclusively​ ​on​ ​record​ ​production.

Apple​ ​Corps​​ ​-​ ​A​ ​multi-armed​ ​multimedia​ ​corporation​ ​founded​ ​in​ ​London​ ​in​ ​January​ ​1968​ ​by​ ​the
members​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Beatles​ ​to​ ​replace​ ​their​ ​earlier​ ​company​ ​(Beatles​ ​Ltd)​ ​and​ ​to​ ​form​ ​a​ ​conglomerate.

Yoko​ ​Ono​ ​-​ ​A​ ​wife​ ​of​ ​John​ ​Lennon.​ ​Met​ ​in​ ​1966​ ​during​ ​Ono’s​ ​art​ ​exhibition​ ​at​ ​a​ ​London​ ​gallery.
Collaborated​ ​with​ ​numerous​ ​recordings,​ ​including​ ​“Two​ ​Virgins”​ ​and​ ​“Give​ ​Peace​ ​a​ ​Chance”.

Billy​ ​Preston​​ ​-​ ​An​ ​American​ ​musician​ ​whose​ ​work​ ​included​ ​R&B,​ ​rock,​ ​soul,​ ​funk​ ​and​ ​gospel.​ ​The​ ​only
artist​ ​to​ ​be​ ​labeled​ ​explicitly​ ​with​ ​the​ ​Beatles​ ​with​ ​the​ ​song​ ​“Get​ ​Back”.​ ​His​ ​presence​ ​in​ ​the​ ​Beatles’
music​ ​makes​ ​him​ ​important​ ​--​ ​enough​ ​to​ ​even​ ​be​ ​called​ ​the​ ​“fifth​ ​member​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Beatles”.
“Get​ ​Back”​ ​project​ ​-​ ​The​ ​original​ ​1969​ ​music​ ​album​ ​and​ ​film​ ​project,​ ​unreleased​ ​and​ ​later​ ​resulted​ ​in
Let​ ​It​ ​Be​ ​and​ ​film​ ​of​ ​the​ ​same​ ​title.

Magical​ ​Mystery​ ​Tour​ ​(the​ ​television​ ​film)​​ ​-​ ​The​ ​52​ ​minute​ ​long​ ​British​ ​television​ ​film​ ​starring​ ​the
Beatles​ ​w/​ ​soundtrack.​ ​The​ ​film​ ​aired​ ​on​ ​December​ ​26th,​ ​1967​ ​and​ ​was​ ​poorly​​ ​received​ ​by​ ​critics​ ​and
audiences.​ ​There​ ​was​ ​no​ ​definite​ ​script,​ ​Paul​ ​McCartney​ ​just​ ​drew​ ​a​ ​pie​ ​chart​ ​of​ ​what​ ​would​ ​happen​ ​in
each​ ​segment​ ​of​ ​the​ ​show.​ ​Example​ ​of​ ​Ken​ ​Kesey’s​ ​Merry​ ​Prankster​ ​(known​ ​for​ ​their​ ​“acid​ ​road​ ​trips”
in​ ​1965)

“Our​ ​World”​ ​(the​ ​television​ ​broadcast)​​ ​-​ ​The​ ​first​ ​live,​ ​international,​ ​satellite​ ​television​ ​production,
broadcasted​ ​on​ ​June​ ​25th,​ ​1967.​ ​Featuring​ ​creative​ ​artists​ ​such​ ​was​ ​the​ ​Beatles,​ ​opera​ ​singer​ ​Maria
Callas,​ ​etc.​ ​The​ ​broadcast​ ​lasted​ ​for​ ​2.5​ ​hours,​ ​with​ ​an​ ​estimate​ ​of​ ​400​ ​million​ ​viewers.​ ​It​ ​was​ ​most
famous​ ​for​ ​the​ ​segment​ ​starring​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​performing​ ​their​ ​song​ ​“All​ ​You​ ​Need​ ​Is​ ​Love”​ ​as​ ​part​ ​of
the​ ​ending​ ​to​ ​the​ ​broadcast.

Timothy​ ​Leary​​ ​-​ ​An​ ​American​ ​psychologist​ ​and​ ​writer​ ​known​ ​for​ ​advocating​ ​psychedelic​ ​drugs.​ ​He​ ​was
also​ ​the​ ​author​ ​of​ ​the​ ​book​ ​The​ ​Psychedelic​ ​Experience​ ​(see​ ​below).​ ​Leary​ ​believed​ ​LSD​ ​showed
therapeutic​ ​potential​ ​for​ ​use​ ​in​ ​psychiatry.

The​ ​Psychedelic​ ​Experience​ ​-​ ​An​ ​instruction​ ​manual​ ​intended​ ​for​ ​use​ ​during​ ​sessions​ ​involving
psychedelic​ ​drugs​ ​such​ ​as​ ​mescaline,​ ​psilocybin,​ ​and​ ​LSD​ ​(popularly​ ​associated​ ​with​ ​the​ ​Beatles).​ ​The
book​ ​was​ ​published​ ​in​ ​August​ ​1964.​ ​The​ ​Beatles’​ ​song​ ​“Tomorrow​ ​Never​ ​Knows”​ ​features​ ​text​ ​from
this​ ​book.

Part​ ​II​ ​(20%​ ​each).​ ​You​ ​will​ ​be​ ​asked​ ​to​ ​write​ ​two​ ​short​ ​essays​ ​selected​ ​from​ ​the​ ​following​ ​prompts:
1.​ ​Discuss​ ​some​ ​of​ ​the​ ​ways​ ​in​ ​which​ ​Lennon​ ​and​ ​McCartney’s​ ​original​ ​songs​ ​(not​ ​their​ ​cover​ ​songs)
from​ ​the​ ​years​ ​between​ ​1962​ ​and​ ​1965​ ​reveal​ ​their​ ​debt​ ​to​ ​various​ ​styles​ ​of​ ​American​ ​popular​ ​music.
You​ ​should​ ​focus​ ​on​ ​a​ ​selection​ ​of​ ​songs​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Beatles​ ​and​ ​point​ ​to​ ​models​ ​for​ ​them​ ​offered​ ​by
American​ ​artists​ ​working​ ​in​ ​a​ ​variety​ ​of​ ​musical​ ​styles.

Bonkers:
The​ ​Everly​ ​Brothers,​ ​an​ ​American​ ​vocal​ ​duo​ ​of​ ​country-influenced​ ​rock​ ​and​ ​roll
music,​ ​were​ ​a​ ​great​ ​influence​ ​on​ ​The​ ​Beatles.​ ​Don​ ​and​ ​Phil​ ​Everly​ ​were​ ​best​ ​known​ ​for​ ​their
impressive​ ​harmonies.​ ​They​ ​taught​ ​the​ ​world​ ​how​ ​to​ ​blend​ ​singing​ ​voices​ ​perfectly.​ ​Lennon
and​ ​McCartney​ ​have​ ​copied​ ​their​ ​stylistic​ ​two-part​ ​harmonies​ ​and​ ​utilized​ ​it​ ​in​ ​their​ ​own​ ​songs
“Love​ ​Me​ ​Do”​ ​(1962)​ ​and​ ​“Please​ ​Please​ ​Me”​ ​(1963).​ ​Jokingly,​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​referred​ ​to
themselves​ ​as​ ​the​ ​English​ ​Everly​ ​Brothers.​ ​It​ ​is​ ​evident​ ​in​ ​their​ ​song​ ​“Please​ ​Please​ ​Me”​ ​in​ ​the
 descending​ ​harmony​ ​while​ ​McCartney​ ​holds​ ​the​ ​high​ ​note.​ ​These​ ​vocals​ ​were​ ​learned​ ​and
inspired​ ​by​ ​The​ ​Everly​ ​Brothers’​ ​hit​ ​song​ ​“Cathy’s​ ​Clown.”

Bob​ ​Dylan​ ​had​ ​an​ ​enormous​ ​impact​ ​on​ ​The​ ​Beatles,​ ​especially​ ​on​ ​John.​ ​Dylan​ ​had​ ​a
mesmerizing​ ​effect​ ​on​ ​Lennon​ ​with​ ​his​ ​acoustic​ ​songwriting​ ​and​ ​lyrical​ ​depth.​ ​He​ ​influenced
Lennon​ ​to​ ​explore​ ​his​ ​own​ ​feelings​ ​and​ ​thus​ ​to​ ​write​ ​more​ ​meaningful​ ​lyrics.​ ​“I’m​ ​A​ ​Loser”
was​ ​written​ ​in​ ​1964,​ ​directly​ ​influenced​ ​by​ ​Bob​ ​Dylan.​ ​The​ ​song​ ​adopts​ ​a​ ​folk​ ​music​ ​style​ ​and
expresses​ ​raw​ ​emotions​ ​in​ ​a​ ​very​ ​revealing​ ​way.​ ​Lennon​ ​is​ ​opening​ ​himself​ ​up​ ​by​ ​letting​ ​a​ ​little
more​ ​of​ ​his​ ​true​ ​self​ ​show.
Kellie
● Skiffle​ ​style​ ​of​ ​music​ ​(Lonnie​ ​Donegan)​ ​-​ ​simple​ ​homemade​ ​instruments​ ​(“Love​ ​Me​ ​Do”)
● Elvis​ ​Presley​ ​-​ ​a​ ​big​ ​influence​ ​on​ ​the​ ​Beatles’​ ​early​ ​music​ ​for​ ​rock​ ​and​ ​roll
● Chuck​ ​Berry​ ​“Johnny​ ​B.​ ​Goode”​ ​-​ ​guitar​ ​as​ ​center​ ​point
● Motown:​ ​girl/male​ ​vocal​ ​groups​ ​(Marvelettes,​ ​Miracles,​ ​The​ ​Shirelles,​ ​The​ ​Coasters)
○ took​ ​idea​ ​of​ ​lead​ ​singer​ ​with​ ​background​ ​singers​ ​and​ ​hand​ ​clapping
○ “Help!”​ ​“She​ ​Loves​ ​You”
● Isley​ ​Brothers​ ​-​ ​using​ ​“Ooos”​ ​and​ ​“Woo”​ ​in​ ​songs​ ​(“I​ ​Want​ ​to​ ​Hold​ ​Your​ ​Hand”​ ​“I​ ​Saw​ ​Her
Standing​ ​There”)
● Everly​ ​Brothers​ ​-​ ​2​ ​part​ ​harmony​ ​(“I​ ​Want​ ​to​ ​Hold​ ​Your​ ​Hand”​ ​“Please​ ​Please​ ​Me”​ ​“Love​ ​Me
Do”)
● Bob​ ​Dylan​ ​-​ ​ballad​ ​structure​ ​of​ ​using​ ​acoustic​ ​guitar​ ​and​ ​harmonica​ ​in​ ​songs​ ​(“Norwegian​ ​Wood
(This​ ​Bird​ ​Has​ ​Flown)”​ ​“I’m​ ​a​ ​Loser”​ ​“You’ve​ ​Got​ ​to​ ​Hide​ ​Your​ ​Love​ ​Away”)
● Ottis​ ​Redding​ ​“Respect”​ ​-​ ​using​ ​bass​ ​sound​ ​(“Drive​ ​my​ ​Car”)
● also​ ​took​ ​lyrical/musical​ ​ideas​ ​from​ ​American​ ​artists​ ​like​ ​The​ ​Coasters,​ ​Bobby​ ​Rydell,​ ​The
Byrds,​ ​Bobby​ ​Parker,​ ​Bob​ ​Dylan
Derek YEA​ ​DEREK!!​ ​:)
● Elvis​ ​Presley​ ​-​ ​early​ ​influence​ ​on​ ​Beatles​ ​with​ ​rock​ ​and​ ​roll,​ ​Elvis’​ ​“Heartbreak​ ​Hotel”
● Everly​ ​Brothers​ ​-​ ​copied​ ​two​ ​part​ ​harmony,​ ​“Please​ ​Please​ ​Me”,​ ​“Love​ ​Me​ ​Do”
● Bob​ ​Dylan​ ​-​ ​acoustic​ ​songwriting​ ​and​ ​lyrical​ ​depth,​ ​expression​ ​of​ ​emotions​ ​onto​ ​lyrics,​ ​“I’m​ ​A
Loser”,​ ​“A​ ​Day​ ​in​ ​the​ ​Life”

2.​ ​Describe​ ​the​ ​essential​ ​differences​ ​between​ ​32-bar​ ​(or​ ​AABA)​ ​song​ ​form​ ​and​ ​verse-chorus​ ​song​ ​form.
In​ ​doing​ ​this,​ ​you​ ​should​ ​characterize​ ​the​ ​function​ ​of​ ​the​ ​various​ ​parts​ ​of​ ​each​ ​song​ ​form.​ ​Name​ ​one
example​ ​of​ ​each​ ​found​ ​in​ ​The​ ​Beatles’​ ​recorded​ ​output.​ ​Which​ ​type​ ​is​ ​found​ ​more​ ​often​ ​among​ ​the
songs​ ​of​ ​the​ ​band’s​ ​earlier​ ​period?
● AABA​ ​form​ ​(aka​ ​VV​Br​V​)
○ emphasis​ ​on​ ​verses,​ ​title​ ​in​ ​verses
○ bridge​ ​meant​ ​for​ ​break​ ​between​ ​verses
○ ex)​ ​“Love​ ​Me​ ​Do”​ ​“Please​ ​Please​ ​Me”​ ​“Hey​ ​Jude”​ ​“A​ ​Hard​ ​Day’s​ ​Night”​ ​“Something”
“P.S.​ ​I​ ​Love​ ​You”​ ​(almost​ ​all​ ​of​ ​their​ ​songs​ ​tbh)
○ form​ ​found​ ​in​ ​songs​ ​of​ ​band’s​ ​earlier​ ​period
 ○ 32​ ​bars,​ ​and​ ​generally​ ​4​ ​sections​ ​(8-8-8-8),​ ​but​ ​can​ ​also​ ​be​ ​other​ ​formats​ ​such​ ​as
(6-6-9-8)​ ​as​ ​well
○ pop,​ ​jazz​ ​and​ ​gospel
● verse-chorus​ ​(AB)​ ​form​ ​(V​C​V​C​VC ​ ​,​ ​VCVCC,​ ​etc)
○ emphasis​ ​on​ ​chorus,​ ​title​ ​in​ ​chorus
○ ex)​ ​“Penny​ ​Lane”​ ​“All​ ​You​ ​Need​ ​is​ ​Love”
○ love​ ​songs,​ ​pop,​ ​country,​ ​rap​ ​and​ ​rock​ ​music

Bonkers:

AABA​ ​song​ ​form​ ​contains​ ​four​ ​8-measure​ ​sections,​ ​with​ ​the​ ​bridge​ ​being​ ​musically​ ​and
lyrically​ ​different​ ​than​ ​the​ ​other​ ​three​ ​sections​ ​(or​ ​A​ ​sections​ ​or​ ​verses).​ ​AABA​ ​song​ ​form
focuses​ ​on​ ​the​ ​verse,​ ​which​ ​takes​ ​up​ ​most​ ​of​ ​the​ ​time​ ​and​ ​forms​ ​the​ ​main​ ​melody​ ​while​ ​the
bridge​ ​exists​ ​to​ ​contrast​ ​and​ ​lead​ ​back​ ​into​ ​the​ ​return​ ​of​ ​the​ ​verse.​ ​The​ ​verse-chorus​ ​form,​ ​in
contrast,​ ​highlights​ ​the​ ​chorus​ ​since​ ​it​ ​takes​ ​up​ ​more​ ​time​ ​while​ ​the​ ​verse​ ​exists​ ​to​ ​lead​ ​into​ ​the
chorus.

“All​ ​You​ ​Need​ ​Is​ ​Love”​ ​by​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​utilizes​ ​the​ ​verse-chorus​ ​form.​ ​The​ ​more
frequently​ ​utilized​ ​form​ ​by​ ​The​ ​Beatles,​ ​however,​ ​is​ ​the​ ​AABA​ ​song​ ​form,​ ​also​ ​known​ ​as
Verse-Verse-Bridge-Verse​ ​song​ ​form.​ ​An​ ​example​ ​of​ ​the​ ​AABA​ ​song​ ​form​ ​is​ ​The​ ​Beatles’
song​ ​“Love​ ​Me​ ​Do.”

3.​ ​Discuss​ ​The​ ​Beatles’​ ​treatment​ ​in​ ​their​ ​songs​ ​of​ ​the​ ​topic​ ​of​ ​love.​ ​Be​ ​sure​ ​to​ ​mention​ ​a​ ​few​ ​salient
examples​ ​that​ ​illustrate​ ​some​ ​strikingly​ ​different​ ​treatment​ ​of​ ​this​ ​subject.​ ​How​ ​can​ ​you​ ​explain​ ​these
differences?​ ​How​ ​do​ ​these​ ​differences​ ​reflects​ ​changes​ ​taking​ ​place​ ​within​ ​the​ ​culture​ ​of​ ​the​ ​time?

4.​ ​Discuss​ ​the​ ​proposition​ ​that​ ​the​ ​album​ ​Sgt​ ​Pepper’s​ ​Lonely​ ​Hearts​ ​Club​ ​Band​ ​is​ ​a​ ​strong​ ​reflection​ ​the
cultural​ ​moment​ ​in​ ​which​ ​it​ ​appeared.
● Released​ ​summer​ ​of​ ​1967
● Reflects​ ​the​ ​summer​ ​of​ ​love,​ ​hippie​ ​movement​ ​(flower​ ​power).​ ​The​ ​psychedelic​ ​era.
● Reflected​ ​the​ ​age​ ​as​ ​the​ ​album​ ​was​ ​a​ ​“joyous,​ ​spurt​ ​of​ ​life”
● It​ ​was​ ​colorful,​ ​peace,​ ​love,​ ​and​ ​music.
● The​ ​album​ ​reflects​ ​change​ ​just​ ​as​ ​the​ ​world​ ​was​ ​trying​ ​to​ ​change​ ​at​ ​the​ ​time.
● One​ ​of​ ​the​ ​greatest​ ​influences​ ​on​ ​Sgt.​ ​Pepper​ ​was​ ​The​ ​Beach​ ​Boy’s​ ​Pet​ ​Sounds.
● Songs​ ​were​ ​inspired​ ​by​ ​everyday​ ​things​ ​like​ ​a​ ​circus​ ​flyer​ ​or​ ​a​ ​television​ ​show​ ​or​ ​a​ ​car​ ​crash​ ​in
the​ ​newspaper.
● McCartney​ ​suggested​ ​that​ ​the​ ​Beatles​ ​record​ ​the​ ​entire​ ​album​ ​as​ ​a​ ​fictional​ ​band​ ​in​ ​order​ ​to​ ​allow
them​ ​to​ ​experiment​ ​with​ ​new​ ​musical​ ​styles/techniques.
● Sgt.​ ​Pepper’s​ ​band​ ​was​ ​dressed​ ​in​ ​early​ ​1920’s​ ​British​ ​military​ ​attire,​ ​but​ ​in​ ​flowery​ ​colors.
 ● The​ ​album​ ​also​ ​marks​ ​several​ ​great​ ​leaps​ ​forward​ ​in​ ​studio​ ​recording​ ​techniques​ ​and​ ​pop
songwriting,​ ​as​ ​well​ ​as​ ​production​ ​time​ ​and​ ​cost.​ ​Sgt.​ ​Pepper’s​ ​took​ ​five​ ​months​ ​to​ ​make​ ​and​ ​cost
40,000​ ​pounds.​ ​By​ ​contrast,​ ​the​ ​first​ ​Beatles​ ​album,​ ​Please​ ​Please​ ​Me,​ ​was​ ​recorded​ ​live​ ​in​ ​a
single​ ​day​ ​for​ ​a​ ​cost​ ​of​ ​about​ ​400​ ​pounds.
● What​ ​made​ ​Sgt.​ ​Pepper​ ​different​ ​from​ ​typical​ ​popular​ ​music​ ​was​ ​that​ ​people​ ​“played​ ​it​ ​safe”​ ​and
the​ ​Beatles​ ​realized​ ​you​ ​didn't​ ​have​ ​to.
● Multi-genre​ ​work​ ​of​ ​rock​ ​and​ ​pop
● Incorporates​ ​many​ ​musical​ ​styles​ ​including:​ ​rock​ ​and​ ​roll,​ ​vaudeville,​ ​big​ ​band,​ ​piano​ ​jazz,​ ​blues,
chamber,​ ​circus,​ ​music​ ​hall,​ ​avant-garde,​ ​Western,​ ​and​ ​Indian​ ​classical​ ​music.
● Some​ ​were​ ​concerned​ ​that​ ​many​ ​songs​ ​in​ ​the​ ​album​ ​contained​ ​lyrics​ ​that​ ​referred​ ​to​ ​recreational
drug​ ​use.​ ​In​ ​response​ ​to​ ​these​ ​concerns,​ ​several​ ​songs​ ​from​ ​the​ ​album​ ​were​ ​banned​ ​from​ ​British
radio.
● This​ ​album​ ​wasn’t​ ​about​ ​writing​ ​that​ ​one​ ​hit​ ​single,​ ​rather​ ​it​ ​was​ ​about​ ​the​ ​whole​ ​package.

Bonkers:
Sgt​ ​Pepper’s​ ​Lonely​ ​Hearts​ ​Club​ ​Band​ ​was​ ​a​ ​highly​ ​successful​ ​album​ ​released​ ​in​ ​the
summer​ ​of​ ​1967,​ ​also​ ​known​ ​as​ ​the​ ​“summer​ ​of​ ​love.”​ ​It​ ​was​ ​an​ ​album​ ​that​ ​reflected​ ​a
counterculture,​ ​wherein​ ​the​ ​flower​ ​power​ ​(hippie)​ ​movement​ ​and​ ​psychedelic​ ​culture​ ​emerged​ ​in
the​ ​period​ ​Sgt.​ ​Pepper​ ​was​ ​released.​ ​Besides​ ​it​ ​being​ ​the​ ​apex​ ​of​ ​their​ ​rock​ ​and​ ​roll​ ​music​ ​career,
Sgt​ ​Pepper​ ​is​ ​certainly​ ​a​ ​mirror​ ​of​ ​its​ ​age,​ ​showcasing​ ​the​ ​rich​ ​experience​ ​of​ ​psychedelia​ ​and
spreading​ ​the​ ​gospel​ ​of​ ​love,​ ​acid,​ ​and​ ​Eastern​ ​spirituality​ ​to​ ​the​ ​people.

The​ ​album​ ​perfectly​ ​mirrors​ ​its​ ​age​ ​because​ ​it​ ​embraces​ ​and​ ​reflects​ ​the​ ​hippie
movement,​ ​particularly​ ​in​ ​these​ ​fundamentals:​ ​sense​ ​of​ ​community,​ ​spirituality,​ ​artistic
experimentation,​ ​and​ ​drugs.The​ ​album​ ​had​ ​an​ ​unmatched​ ​optimism​ ​in​ ​its​ ​goal​ ​to​ ​spread​ ​love
around​ ​the​ ​globe.​ ​They​ ​promoted​ ​a​ ​sense​ ​of​ ​community​ ​which​ ​can​ ​be​ ​seen​ ​on​ ​the​ ​album​ ​cover
that​ ​has​ ​several​ ​celebrities​ ​-​ ​from​ ​Bob​ ​Dylan​ ​to​ ​multiple​ ​Hindu​ ​gurus​ ​-​ ​and​ ​random​ ​props​ ​such
as​ ​a​ ​hookah.​ ​They​ ​managed​ ​to​ ​embed​ ​spirituality​ ​such​ ​as​ ​in​ ​the​ ​song​ ​“Within​ ​You​ ​Without
You,”​ ​where​ ​lyrics​ ​are​ ​quite​ ​yogic​ ​and​ ​foreshadow​ ​the​ ​spiritual​ ​revolution​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​are
about​ ​to​ ​pave​ ​the​ ​way​ ​for.

The​ ​Beatles​ ​decide​ ​to​ ​take​ ​a​ ​leap​ ​of​ ​faith​ ​by​ ​making​ ​the​ ​concept​ ​album,​ ​with​ ​McCartney
claiming​ ​that​ ​the​ ​Beatles​ ​realized​ ​they​ ​did​ ​not​ ​have​ ​to​ ​play​ ​it​ ​safe​ ​in​ ​popular​ ​music.​ ​If​ ​a​ ​person
was​ ​asked​ ​to​ ​refer​ ​to​ ​a​ ​psychedelic​ ​album,​ ​without​ ​hesitation​ ​Sgt​ ​Pepper’s​ ​Lonely​ ​Hearts​ ​Club
Band​ ​would​ ​most​ ​likely​ ​be​ ​the​ ​response.​ ​It​ ​is​ ​evident​ ​in​ ​their​ ​multicolored​ ​album​ ​as​ ​well​ ​as​ ​in
their​ ​songs​ ​with​ ​lyrics​ ​making​ ​references​ ​to​ ​psychedelics.​ ​For​ ​example,​ ​“Lucy​ ​In​ ​the​ ​Sky​ ​With
Diamonds,”​ ​“A​ ​Little​ ​Help​ ​From​ ​My​ ​Friends,”​ ​and​ ​“A​ ​Day​ ​In​ ​the​ ​Life”​ ​contain​ ​drug
 references.​ ​The​ ​lyrics​ ​describe​ ​trippy-dopey​ ​imagery,​ ​the​ ​sound​ ​effects​ ​suggest​ ​a​ ​trip​ ​on​ ​acid,
and​ ​the​ ​artificially​ ​produced​ ​musical​ ​sounds​ ​imply​ ​the​ ​use​ ​of​ ​LSD.

Part​ ​III​ ​(40%).​ ​You​ ​will​ ​asked​ ​to​ ​compose​ ​a​ ​more​ ​substantial​ ​essay​ ​in​ ​response​ ​to​ ​the​ ​following​ ​prompt:
The​ ​Beatles’​ ​recording​ ​catalog​ ​covers​ ​a​ ​wide​ ​range,​ ​to​ ​say​ ​the​ ​least,​ ​from​ ​the​ ​likes​ ​of​ ​“Love​ ​Me​ ​Do”
(1962)​ ​to​ ​“Revolution​ ​9”​ ​(1968).​ ​With​ ​this​ ​in​ ​mind,​ ​write​ ​an​ ​essay​ ​in​ ​which​ ​you​ ​describe​ ​in​ ​some​ ​detail
several​ ​of​ ​the​ ​ways​ ​in​ ​which​ ​the​ ​Beatles​ ​expanded​ ​the​ ​range​ ​of​ ​stylistic​ ​references​ ​in​ ​pop​ ​music​ ​to​ ​include
intersections​ ​with,​ ​for​ ​example,​ ​various​ ​incarnations​ ​of​​ ​Western​ ​classical​ ​music,​ ​Hindustani​ ​music,​ ​and
avant-garde​ ​music​.​ ​You​ ​should​ ​also​ ​include​ ​some​ ​discussion​ ​of​ ​the​ ​change​ ​The​ ​Beatles​ ​helped​ ​to​ ​spur​ ​in
thinking​ ​of​ ​pop​ ​music​ ​as​ ​something​ ​to​ ​be​ ​listened​ ​to​ ​(as​ ​opposed​ ​something​ ​to​ ​be​ ​danced​ ​to,​ ​etc.),​ ​as​ ​well
as​ ​some​ ​discussion​ ​of​ ​their​ ​change​ ​in​ ​approach​ ​from​ ​“recording​ ​songs”​ ​to​ ​“making​ ​records.”​ ​What​ ​are​ ​the
implications​ ​of​ ​all​ ​these​ ​changes​ ​on​ ​live​ ​performance?​ ​Be​ ​sure​ ​to​ ​illustrate​ ​your​ ​arguments​ ​with​ ​reference
to​ ​specific​ ​stylistic​ ​aspects​ ​of​ ​a​ ​number​ ​of​ ​relevant​ ​recordings.

**I’m​ ​kinda​ ​writing​ ​whatever​ ​so​ ​don’t​ ​take​ ​this​ ​too​ ​literally.​ ​Feel​ ​free​ ​to​ ​edit!!​ ​-Kellie

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​In​ ​“Love​ ​Me​ ​Do”​ ​the​ ​Beatles​ ​drew​ ​inspiration​ ​from​ ​the​ ​skiffle​ ​and​ ​rock​ ​and​ ​roll​ ​style​ ​of
music.​ ​One​ ​prominent​ ​skiffle​ ​artist​ ​was​ ​Donnie​ ​Lonegan.​ ​As​ ​for​ ​rock​ ​and​ ​roll,​ ​the​ ​Everly​ ​Brothers’​ ​two
part​ ​vocals​ ​were​ ​used​ ​in​ ​the​ ​Beatles’​ ​song.​ ​Another​ ​important​ ​rock​ ​and​ ​roll​ ​artist​ ​was​ ​Chuck​ ​Berry’s
“Johnny​ ​B.​ ​Goode”​ ​and​ ​the​ ​introduction​ ​of​ ​making​ ​the​ ​guitar​ ​the​ ​center​ ​point.​ ​The​ ​band​ ​also​ ​drew​ ​from
girl/male​ ​vocal​ ​groups,​ ​such​ ​as​ ​the​ ​Marvelettes​ ​(“Please​ ​Mr.​ ​Postman”),​ ​Miracles​ ​(“You​ ​Really​ ​got​ ​a
Hold​ ​on​ ​Me”),​ ​The​ ​Shirelles​ ​(“Baby​ ​It’s​ ​You”),​ ​and​ ​the​ ​Coasters​ ​(“Searchin”).​ ​The​ ​idea​ ​from​ ​here​ ​was
that​ ​there​ ​would​ ​be​ ​a​ ​lead​ ​singer​ ​with​ ​background​ ​singers.​ ​Like​ ​“Love​ ​Me​ ​Do”,​ ​many​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Beatles’
early​ ​songs​ ​used​ ​a​ ​V-VBr-V​ ​form.​ ​From​ ​the​ ​rhythm​ ​and​ ​blues​ ​genre,​ ​the​ ​Beatles​ ​looked​ ​to​ ​the​ ​Isley
Brothers​ ​and​ ​their​ ​use​ ​of​ ​“Ooos”​ ​in​ ​their​ ​songs.
Talk​ ​about​ ​early​ ​songs
With​ ​the​ ​release​ ​of​ ​“Revolution​ ​9”​ ​the​ ​style​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Beatles​ ​had​ ​changed​ ​a​ ​lot.​ ​They​ ​went
through​ ​the​ ​release​ ​of​ ​three​ ​very​ ​different​ ​albums,​ ​Revolver,​ ​Sgt.​ ​Pepper’s​ ​Lonely​ ​Hearts​ ​Club​ ​Band,​ ​and
the​ ​White​ ​Album.​ ​Many​ ​of​ ​songs​ ​on​ ​these​ ​albums​ ​used​ ​studio​ ​tricks.​ ​These​ ​tricks​ ​include​ ​using​ ​a
backwards​ ​guitar​ ​and​ ​vocals,​ ​tape​ ​loops,​ ​Leslie​ ​tone​ ​cabinet,​ ​the​ ​use​ ​of​ ​orchestras,​ ​changing​ ​the​ ​tape
speed,​ ​the​ ​introduction​ ​of​ ​Northern​ ​Indian​ ​music,​ ​such​ ​as​ ​swaramandal​ ​and​ ​tamboura​ ​(in​ ​“Tomorrow
Never​ ​Knows”​ ​and​ ​“Love​ ​You​ ​To”),​ ​music​ ​concrete,​ ​where​ ​many​ ​natural​ ​sounds​ ​were​ ​recorded​ ​and
randomly​ ​played​ ​throughout​ ​a​ ​song​ ​(this​ ​was​ ​especially​ ​prevalent​ ​in​ ​“Tomorrow​ ​Never​ ​Knows”).​ ​Much
of​ ​their​ ​music​ ​was​ ​considered​ ​to​ ​be​ ​avant-garde​ ​music,​ ​or​ ​music​ ​ahead​ ​of​ ​its​ ​time.​ ​Also​ ​as​ ​opposed​ ​to
their​ ​music​ ​being​ ​more​ ​about​ ​love​ ​(lighthearted)​ ​when​ ​the​ ​band​ ​first​ ​released​ ​music,​ ​“Revolution​ ​9”​ ​had​ ​a
deeper​ ​message.​ ​During​ ​the​ ​time​ ​of​ ​its​ ​release,​ ​there​ ​was​ ​much​ ​violence​ ​and​ ​rebellion​ ​in​ ​the​ ​world;
Lennon​ ​was​ ​saying​ ​that​ ​the​ ​world​ ​needed​ ​to​ ​change​ ​but​ ​not​ ​by​ ​violence.​ ​Or​ ​maybe​ ​he​ ​was​ ​for​ ​violence
because​ ​he​ ​added​ ​the​ ​word​ ​“in”​ ​after​ ​“out”.
Talk​ ​about​ ​later​ ​songs
The​ ​change​ ​from​ ​“recording​ ​songs”​ ​to​ ​“making​ ​records”​ ​was​ ​due​ ​to​ ​the​ ​use​ ​of​ ​studio
tricks.​ ​When​ ​the​ ​Beatles​ ​were​ ​making​ ​music​ ​in​ ​1962,​ ​they​ ​would​ ​go​ ​in​ ​the​ ​recording​ ​studio,​ ​record​ ​their
songs​ ​in​ ​one​ ​day,​ ​and​ ​those​ ​songs​ ​would​ ​be​ ​put​ ​on​ ​the​ ​album.​ ​When​ ​on​ ​tour,​ ​the​ ​Beatles​ ​could​ ​easily​ ​sing
any​ ​song​ ​they​ ​recorded.​ ​In​ ​the​ ​later​ ​years,​ ​however,​ ​with​ ​all​ ​of​ ​the​ ​studio​ ​effects,​ ​the​ ​Beatles​ ​could​ ​no
longer​ ​perform​ ​their​ ​songs​ ​live.​ ​This​ ​was​ ​shown​ ​in​ ​the​ ​Budokan​ ​concert​ ​when​ ​the​ ​band​ ​could​ ​not​ ​perform
the​ ​song​ ​“Paperback​ ​Writer”.

DEREK​ ​TOO​ ​GOOD

Derek​ ​(reusing​ ​my​ ​short​ ​answer​ ​question​ ​information)
1) Overview​ ​of​ ​shifting​ ​dynamics​ ​of​ ​early​ ​songs​ ​to​ ​later​ ​songs
a) Experimenting​ ​with​ ​different​ ​songwriting:​ ​AABA​ ​to​ ​verse-chorus
i) “Love​ ​Me​ ​Do”​ ​early​ ​on,​ ​vs.​ ​“All​ ​You​ ​Need​ ​is​ ​Love”​ ​later​ ​on
b) Reflecting​ ​current​ ​society/time​ ​on​ ​songs/albums,​ ​such​ ​as​ ​in​ ​Sgt.​ ​Pepper
i) Summer​ ​of​ ​love,​ ​psychedelics
2) Stylistic​ ​references​ ​to​ ​other​ ​genres​ ​of​ ​music
a) Traditional​ ​music
i) Elvis​ ​Presley​ ​-​ ​early​ ​influence​ ​on​ ​Beatles​ ​with​ ​rock​ ​and​ ​roll,​ ​Elvis’​ ​“Heartbreak
Hotel”
ii) Everly​ ​Brothers​ ​-​ ​copied​ ​two​ ​part​ ​harmony,​ ​“Please​ ​Please​ ​Me”,​ ​“Love​ ​Me​ ​Do”
iii) Bob​ ​Dylan​ ​-​ ​acoustic​ ​songwriting​ ​and​ ​lyrical​ ​depth,​ ​expression​ ​of​ ​emotions​ ​onto
lyrics,​ ​“I’m​ ​A​ ​Loser”,​ ​“A​ ​Day​ ​in​ ​the​ ​Life”
iv) Chuck​ ​Berry,​ ​having​ ​the​ ​guitar​ ​as​ ​the​ ​centerpiece
v) Isley​ ​Brothers​ ​“Ooos”
b) Avant-garde​ ​music
i) John​ ​Lennon,​ ​raw​ ​and​ ​experimental​ ​style
(1) Influence​ ​of​ ​Yoko​ ​Ono
(a) “A​ ​Hard​ ​Day’s​ ​Night”,​ ​“Revolution​ ​9”
c) Hindustani​ ​music
i) Use​ ​of​ ​traditional​ ​Indian​ ​instruments​ ​(1966-1968)
(1) Maharishi​ ​Mahesh​ ​Yogi​ ​and​ ​Transcendental​ ​Meditation
(2) Sitar
3) Listened​ ​to​ ​vs.​ ​danced​ ​to,​ ​etc
a) Early​ ​on,​ ​Beatles​ ​music​ ​could​ ​be​ ​dance​ ​to
b) Later​ ​on,​ ​meant​ ​for​ ​listening​ ​and​ ​using​ ​imagination
i) Psychedelic​ ​drugs,​ ​LSD
4) Recording​ ​music​ ​to​ ​making​ ​records
a) As​ ​studio​ ​technology​ ​improves,​ ​the​ ​reproduction​ ​of​ ​advanced​ ​studio​ ​technology​ ​in​ ​a​ ​live
context​ ​is​ ​difficult​ ​or​ ​even​ ​impossible​ ​(“Paperback​ ​Writer”)

My​ ​Song​ ​List:

● “Heartbreak​ ​Hotel”​ ​(Elvis​ ​Presley)​ ​(1956)
● “Please​ ​Please​ ​Me”​ ​(1963)
● “Love​ ​Me​ ​Do”​ ​(1963)
● “A​ ​Day​ ​in​ ​the​ ​Life”​ ​(1967)
● “All​ ​You​ ​Need​ ​is​ ​Love”​ ​(1968)