Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ASNT Questions and Answers Levels I, II and III Book B - Magnetic Particle Testing Method 2nd Ed-Part1
ASNT Questions and Answers Levels I, II and III Book B - Magnetic Particle Testing Method 2nd Ed-Part1
S\Vers
Levels I, II and III
Magnetic Particle Testing
Method
Supplement to
Recommended Practice
No. SNT-TC-lA
Book B - second edition The American Society
for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.
The questions in this book were originally compiled by the Magnetic Particle Supplement Committee of the
Personnel Qualification Division, Education and Qualification Council of the American Society for Nondestructive
Testing. This edition was updated and edited by Charles W. Eick, Dassault Falcon Jet.
Published by
The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.
1711 Arlingate Lane
PO Box 28518
Columbus, OH 43228-0518
Copyright © 2007 by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. ASNT is not responsible for the
authenticity or accuracy of information herein. Products or services that are advertised or mentioned do not carry
the endorsement or recommendation of ASNT.
This publication contains suggested questions and answers in the Magnetic Particle Testing Method for use in con-
junction with Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-JAfor Personnel Qualification and Certification in
Nondestructive Testing. Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-JA is available fromASNT.
IRRSP, NDT Handbook, The NDT Technician and www.asnt.org are trademarks of The American Society for
Nondestructive Testing, Inc. ACCP, ASNT, Level II/ Study Guide, Materials Evaluation, Nondestructive Testing
Handbook, Research in Nondestructive Evaluation and RNDE and are registered trademarks of The American
Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.
ASNT exists to create a safer world by promoting the profession and technologies of nondestructive testing.
ISBN-13: 978-1-57117-147-4
Second edition
first printing 03/07
ii
Table of Contents
Level I
Questions 1
Answers 11
Level II
Questions 13
Answers 23
Level III
Questions 25
Answers 33
iii
iv
Recommended Training References
Magnetic Particle Testing Method
The following references were used in formulating the questions contained in this book.
A.* Betz, Carl E. Principles ofMagnetic Particle Testing. Chicago, IL; Magnaflux Corporation.
2004.
B. ASTM E 1444, Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination, West Conshohocken,
PA; ASTM International. Current edition.
C.* Schmidt, Thomas J., Kermit Skeie, tech. eds.; Paul Mcintire, ed. Nondestructive Testing
Handbook, second edition: Volume Six, Magnetic Particle Testing, Columbus, OH; The
American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 1989.
D. McMaster, R.C., ed. Nondestructive Testing Handbook, first edition. Columbus, OH; The
American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 1959.
E.* Eick, Chuck W. Level II Study Guide: Magnetic Particle Testing Method, second edition,
Columbus, OH; The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 2003.
F.* Fenton, John D. ASNT Level III Study Guide: Magnetic Particle Testing Method, second
edition, Columbus, OH; The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 2006.
G.* Magnetic Particle Testing Classroom Training Book. Columbus, OH, The American Society
for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 2004.
Each question found in this book is followed by letter(s) and page number(s) indicating the
specific recommended reference where the answer may be found. For example:
a. high permeability.
b. low permeability.
c. high reluctance.
d. low retentivity.
Ref: C.45
In this example, the letter "C" refers to Reference C in the list above and "45" is the specific
page in Reference C where the answer to the question is located.
v
Reference Usage List
Reference B: Total =0
Level I (0)
Level II (0)
Level III (0)
Reference D: Total = 1
Level I (0)
Level II (1)
Level III (0)
Reference E: Total = 7
Level I (4)
Level II (3)
Level III (0)
Reference F: Total = 0
Level I (0)
Level II (0)
Level III (0)
Reference G: Total = 4
Level I (4)
Level II (0)
Level III (0)
vi
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Levell
Level I Questions
Magnetic Particle Testing Method
a. locating surface and near surface a. for color contrast with the part surface thereby
discontinuities in aluminum. enhancing detection of indications.
b. locating surface and near surface b. to enhance the detecti~n of indications by
discontinuities in steel. allowing background color matching.
c. finding and measuring material separation. c. to determine if an indication is surface or
d. measuring flux density. subsurface.
Ref: C.2 d. to indicate different magnetic flux values.
Ref: C.36
9. The unit usually used to denote flux density is: 14. The magnitude of the residual magnetic field in a
specimen is dependent on:
a. gauss.
b. henry. a. the length-to-diameter ratio (UD).
c. farad. b. the strength of the applied magnetizing force.
d. ampere. c. the right-hand rule.
Ref: C.24 d. the left-hand rule.
Ref: C.24
13. What rule describes the direction of current flow 18. An energized coil around the part produces:
(+ to -) when lines of magnetic force surround a
conductor? a. a circular field.
b. a longitudinal field.
a. left-hand rule c. an intermittent field.
b. right-hand rule d. a field dependent on the type of current
c. flux rule applied.
d. reluctance rule Ref: C.152
Ref: C.19
a. amperes.
b. ampere turns.
c. watts.
d. ohms.
Ref: A.182
2
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Levell
20. Magnetic lines of force: 25. The flux within and surrounding a magnetized
part or around a conductor carrying a current is
a. travel in straight lines. known as:
b. form a closed loop.
c. are randomly oriented. a. the saturation point.
d. overlay in highly ferromagnetic materials. b. a magnetic field.
Ref: C.12 c. the ferromagnetic field.
d. the paramagnetic field.
Ref: C.12
21. A magnetic particle buildup from a discontinuity
is strongest when the discontinuity is oriented:
26. The areas on a magnetized part from which the
a. 180 degrees to the magnetic flux flow. magnetic field is leaving or returning into the
b. 45 degrees to the magnetic flux flow. part are called:
c. 90 degrees to the magnetic flux flow.
d. 90 degrees to the current flow. a. salient points.
Ref: C.297 b. defects.
c. magnetic poles.
d. nodes.
22. A specimen may be demagnetized by which of Ref: C.12
the following methods?
a. Heat treatment below the curie temperature. 27. A metal that is difficult to magnetize is said to
b. Placing the part in an alternating current coil. have:
c. Placing the part in reversing and decreasing
direct current fields. a. high permeability.
d. Applying a direct current yoke and removing b. low permeability.
it from the part. c. high reluctance.
Ref: A.66 d. low retentivity.
Ref: C.45
24. The amount of amperage used for magnetic 29. Subsurface discontinuity indications usually
particle inspection using the prod method is appear:
determined from the:
a. sharp and distinct.
a. type of material. b. sharp and wide.
b. distance between the prods. c. wide and fuzzy.
c. diameter of the part. d. high and loosely held.
d. total length of the part. Ref: E.35
Ref: C.151
3
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level I
30. Which residual field is most difficult to 35. A curve is sometimes drawn to show graphically
demagnetize? the relation of the magnetizing force to the
strength of the magnetic field produced in a
a. longitudinal certain material. This curve is known as the:
b. circular
c. vector a. magnetic force curve.
d. binodal b. hysteresis curve.
Ref: C.33 c. saturation curve.
d. induction curve.
Ref: C.24
31. Which magnetic particle application technique is
the most sensitive?
36. What method of applying particles provides
a. continuous greater sensitivity in locating subsurface weld
b. residual discontinuities?
c. interrupted
d. counter-current a. continuous
Ref: C.38 b. residual
c. circular
d. longitudinal
32. Fluorescent magnetic particle indications should Ref: C.207
be inspected under:
4
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level I
39. What are three causes of nonrelevant indications? 44. Residual magnetic particle inspection may be
used when:
a. lack of fusion, change of section thickness,
grinding cracks a. parts are irregular in shape.
b. change of section thickness, heat affected b. parts are highly retentive.
zones, drilled hole near surface c. parts are highly stressed.
c. very high amperage, drilled hole near surface, d. evaluating continuous method indications.
blow holes Ref: C.37
d. drilled hole near surface, very high amperage,
lack of fusion
Ref: C.234 45. Magnetic particle inspection is not a reliable
method of detecting:
a. an ultraviolet light.
41. The point at which the magnetism in a material b. a higher current.
cannot be increased even though the magnetizing c. a different machine.
force continues to increase is known as the: d. alternating current.
Ref: C.37
a. salient pole.
b. saturation point.
c. residual point. 47. A discontinuity open to the surface produces an
d. remnant point. indication which is:
Ref: C.24
a. sharp and distinct.
b. wide and indefinite.
42. Which type of current produces a skin effect on c. crisscrossed.
the surface of the part? d. high and fuzzy.
Ref: E.35
a. alternating current
b. direct current
c. half-wave rectified 48. Which of the following will produce circular
d. full-wave rectified magnetism?
Ref: C.27
a. passing current through a coil
b. placing the test part in a solenoid
43. When using the wet method, why should a high c. yokes
velocity flow of wet method bath over surfaces d. passing current through prods
following removal of the magnetizing current not Ref: G.ll
be used?
5
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Levell
49. When using the wet continuous method, the flow 55. Parts should be cleaned after demagnetization:
of suspension from the hose should be shut off:
a. to ensure that the magnetic particles are
a. immediately after applying the current. removed.
b. immediately before applying the current. b. to prevent false indications.
c. while the current is flowing. c. to save the solids of the suspension.
d. 30 seconds before applying the current. d. to prevent cracking during heat treatment.
Ref: G.52 Ref: C.30
50. The strongest magnetic field in a coil is at the: 56. In circular magnetization, the magnetizing force
is expressed in amperes. What term is used to
a. outside edge. express magnetizing force in longitudinal
b. inside edge. magnetization?
c. center.
d. end. a. amperes
Ref: G.l7 b. ampere-turns
c. consequent poles
d. volts
51. To detect lengthwise discontinuities on the inside Ref: E.18
diameter of hollow parts, you should:
a. a magnet on the part 58. In a magnetic particle test, assuming that all of
b. a field meter the following are in the same relative position in
c. a survey meter a small part, which would be the hardest to
d. careful observation for clinging magnetic detect?
particles
Ref: C.302 a. a surface crack
b. a near surface crack
c. a scratch
53. Which of the following is most often used for d. a seam
dry magnetic particle inspection? Ref:A.62
6
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Levell
60. Which of the following currents will best define 65. When magnetic material is placed into a coil, the
surface cracks? magnetic lines of flux concentrate themselves in
the material and:
a. half-wave rectified alternating current
b. direct current a. create a longitudinal magnetic field.
c. alternating current b. create a circular magnetic field.
d. surge current c. create a longitudinal circular field.
Ref:A.232 d. have no effect.
Ref: C.l9
7
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level I
70. A major factor that determines the success of 75. When using wet particles in water suspension,
magnetic particle inspection is the: wetting agents are added to:
71. What type of current is best suited to detect 76. When preparing an inspection bath, the amount
surface discontinuities? of magnetic particles per gallon of fluid is called
its:
a. direct current
b. alternating current a. measuring scale.
c. pulsating direct current b. particle number.
d. half wave. c. strength or concentration.
Ref: C.27 d. usable limits.
Ref: G.l00-101
8
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Levell
9
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Levell
a. an ohmmeter.
b. a gauss meter.
c. a flux indicator.
d. a field indicator.
Ref: C.43
a. 45
b. 90
c. 180
d. 220
Ref: C.l9
10
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Levell
Level I Answers
Magnetic Particle Testing Method
1. c 32. c 63. c
2. c 33. c 64. b
3. a 34. d 65. a
4. d 35. b 66. c
5. a 36. a 67. b
6. a 37. a 68. c
7. b 38. d 69. c
8. b 39. b 70. a
9. a 40. b 71. b
10. b 41. b 72. c
11. c 42. a 73. b
12. b 43. a 74. d
13. b 44. b 75. c
14. b 45. b 76. c
15. a 46. a 77. c
16. b 47. a 78. a
17. a 48. c 79. a
18. b 49. c 80. a
19. b 50. b 81. c
20. b 51. c 82. c
21. c 52. b 83. b
22. c 53. b 84. c
23. c 54. a 85. d
24. b 55. a 86. b
25. b 56. b 87. d
26. c 57. c 88. b
27. b 58. c 89. a
28. b 59. a 90. c
29. c 60. c 91. b
30. b 61. b
31. a 62. b
11
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Levell
12
Level ll Questions
Magnetic Particle Testing Method
1. The interpretation of magnetic particle 5. What type of magnetization uses the formula:
indications may be aided by: Ampere turns = 45 000/(L/D)?
2. Residual magnetism may be beneficial as an aid: a. To increase the contact area and reduce the
possibility of burning the part.
a. in demagnetization. b. Because they help heat metal, thus facilitating
b. in proper heat treating. magnetic induction.
c. in the deposition of weld metal. c. To increase the contact area and flux density.
d. in interpretation and evaluation of indications. d. Because of their low melting points.
Ref:A.397 Ref: C.42
3. An interruption in the normal physical structure 7. A rough forging that has received no further
or configuration of a part which produces a processing is magnetic particle tested. An
magnetic particle testing indication is called: indication is observed to run in every direction
and appears to extend deeply into the part and
a. a defect. perpendicular to the surface. It is very sharp.
b. an indication. What is the probable identity of the indication?
c. a deformation.
d. a discontinuity. a. forging burst
Ref: C.43 b. flake
c. seam
d. lap
4. Comparing parts that have been circularly Ref: A.85-86
magnetized and those that have been
longitudinally magnetized, which retain the most
objectionable residual field if not demagnetized?
a. circular
b. vectored
c. renmant
d. longitudinal
Ref: A.313
13
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Levell/
8. A gear with case-hardened ground teeth and hub 12. Which of the following is an advantage of the
ends is magnetic particle tested. Individual dry method over the wet method?
indications are detected on five teeth and one end
surface of the hub. The indications do not break a. It is more sensitive to fine surface cracks.
over the part edges. What is the probable identity b. It is easier to use for field inspection with
of the indication? portable equipment.
c. It is faster than the wet method when testing a
a. grinding cracks number of small parts.
b. quench cracks d. It is more capable of providing full surface
c. inclusions coverage on irregularly shaped parts.
d. porosity Ref: C.37
Ref: A.90-91
14
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Levell/
16. Which of the following wave patterns depicts the 17. Which of the following casting discontinuities is
wave form of three-phase full-wave rectified caused by nonuniform cooling resulting in
alternating current? stresses that rupture the surface of the metal?
a. inductive reactance.
b. impedance.
b. + c. reluctance.
d. decay.
Ref: A.l22
15
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level II
21. A desirable property of magnetic particles used 26. Forging laps occur in what relation to the axial
for either the dry or wet method is that they: direction of a part?
a. longitudinal magnetization.
b. polarized magnetization. 28. Where particles are attracted to a site on the
c. residual magnetization. surface of a part by a magnetic leakage field that
d. circular magnetization. is caused by a condition such as a crack, lap, or
Ref: A.382 other condition not acceptable to the applicable
standards for the part, then we have:
a. laps.
b. seams.
c. cracks.
d. laminations.
Ref: C.81
16
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level II
30. Which of the following is an acceptable 35. Which of these cracks may appear as an
technique for removing a thin film of oil or irregular, checked or scattered pattern of fme
grease prior to magnetic particle testing? lines usually caused by local overheating?
a. flakes
b. seams 39. 1f 25 mm (1 in.) and 51 mm (2 in.) diameter bars
c. laminations of the same material were magnetized by passing
d. lack of penetration the same current through them, the magnetic
Ref: C.7-8 fields would be:
17
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Levell!
40. If a current of the same amperage is passed 44. When the most complete demagnetization
through two conductors of the same dimensions, available is desired and demagnetization is to be
one of which is magnetic and one of which is accomplished by placing the part in a coil
nonmagnetic, the magnetic field distribution energized with alternating current of
surrounding the conductors will: progressively decreasing amperage, the following
orientation of the long axis of the part is most
a. vary with the permeability. desirable:
b. be the same for both conductors.
c. be stronger for the magnetic conductor. a. east-west.
d. be stronger for the nonmagnetic conductor. b. north-east.
Ref: A.l89 c. south-west.
d. north-south.
Ref:A.324
41. The most effective magnetic particle test method
for inspection of a large casting is using:
45. During a magnetic particle test, nonrelevant
a. a central conductor. indications due to residual local poles are noted
b. direct magnetization. to be interfering with the magnetic particle
c. multidirectional magnetization. testing. For a successful examination one should:
d. prod inspection in two directions.
Ref:A.450 a. use more amperage.
b. use lower amperage.
c. magnetize in another direction.
42. The most common failure mechanism associated d. demagnetize then remagnetize in the desired
with in-service parts with sharp fillets, notches, direction.
undercuts and seams is: Ref:A.387
a. shrinkage.
b. crystallization. 46. Cold working indications will !!Qt reappear if the
c. decarburization. part is:
d. fatigue cracking.
Ref: A.l03, 481-489 a. demagnetized then retested.
b. retested after stress relieving.
c. retested in the opposite direction.
43. When it is believed that a discontinuity has been d. remagnetized at a higher amperage.
removed by a grinding operation, the next Ref: A.387-388
operation is to:
a. repair it. 47. The unit of measure of one line of flux per
b. sign off inspection of the part. square centimeter of area is one:
c. measure it to see if minimum thickness
remains. a. ohm.
d. re-examine the area by magnetic particle b. gauss.
testing. c. ampere.
Ref: A.398-400 d. oersted.
Ref: C.24
a. magnetism.
b. field strength.
c. pole strength.
d. coercive force.
Ref: C.45, 12-13
18
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level II
49. Materials which are strongly attracted to a 54. The general term used to refer to a break in the
magnet are called: metallic continuity of the part being tested is:
a. polarized. a. discontinuity.
b. magnetized. b. crack.
c. nonmagnetic. c. seam.
d. ferromagnetic. d. lap.
Ref: C.12-13 Ref: E.33
50. Materials which are weakly attracted 55. The pattern of iron powder sprinkled on a paper
magnetically are called: placed over a bar magnet is called a:
51. Materials which are repelled magnetically are 56. The lines of force that form a path around a crack
called: in a ring magnet are called:
52. The end of a magnet at which the lines of flux 57. Since the magnetic lines of force within a bar
are thought of as entering the bar is the: magnet run the length of the bar, it is said to be:
53. A general rule to use for determining the 58. Lines of flux are thought to leave a magnet at
detectability of surface discontinuities by the:
magnetic particle inspection is that:
a. north pole.
a. the depth and width have no bearing to each b. south pole.
other. c. positive pole
b. the depth should be at a one-to-one ratio to the d. negative pole.
width. Ref: C.12
c. the depth should be 20% of the material
thickness.
d. the depth should be at least five times the 59. A break in the magnetic uniformity of a part that
width of the opening of the discontinuity at is called a magnetic discontinuity is related to a
the surface. sudden change in:
Ref: A.371
a. resistivity.
b. inductance.
c. permeability.
d. capacitance.
Ref: A.127
19
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level II
60. In order to detect defects in different directions in 64. An example of a nonrelevant indication that
a material by magnetic particle inspection, it is would be classed as a magnetic discontinuity
best to use: rather than an actual discontinuity could be
caused by:
a. only one field.
b. other probe locations. a. corrosion.
c. a high frequency field. b. a slag pocket.
d. two or more fields in different directions. c. grinding cracks.
Ref: C.20 d. a known abrupt change in the hardness of the
part.
Ref: C.234
61. The parts are blanks cut from rolled iron bar
stock and have been rough machined. Inspection
by continuous method reveals distinct but broken 65. The detection of deep-lying internal defects in
lines parallel (6.35 mm to 25 mm) (0.25 in. to heavy steel weldments at a depth of 6.35 mm
1 in.) with the axis on some of the pieces. These (0.25 in.) to 51 mm (2 in.) below surface is:
indications are indicative of:
a. very improbable.
a. shrinkage. b. very similar to the detection of surface cracks.
b. nonmetallic inclusions. c. simple if the defect's width can be
c. surface checking. approximated.
d. machining tears. d. not difficult if the defect is attributable to fine
Ref: C.4 porosity.
Ref: C.233
20