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    TCVN TIEU CHUAN QUOCGIA TCVN 9229-1 : 2012 ISO 10816-1 : 1995 Xuat ban [in 1 RUNG CO’ HOC - DANH GIA RUNG DONG CUA MAY BANG CACH BDO TREN CAC BO PHAN KHONG QUAY -— PHAN 1: HUONG DAN CHUNG Mechanical vibration -— Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts — Part 1: General guidelines HA NOI-2012 TCVN 9229-1 : 2012 Myc luc Loi n6i du. 1 Pham vi dp dung. 2 Tai ligu vign dn. 3 Bolwéng.. 3.1 Théng s6 do 3.2. Vitrl do. 3.3. Cu tric gid d& may di voi thir nghiém nghiém thu 3.4 Kt cdu bé/gia do may di voi giam sat van hanh 3.6 Didukién van hanh may... 3.6 Banh gid rung dong ciia moi trong, 4 Thiét bj éo..... 5 Chuan myc danh gia. 5.1. Khai quat chung .. 5.2 Chuan myc....... 5.3 Chuan myc I: BO lon rung dong .. 5.4 Chun myc ll: Sy thay d8i 46 én rung déng. 5.5 Gidi han van hanh 5.6 Cac yéu té phy .. Phy luc A (Tham khdo) Hé thiro dang song rung dng. Phy luc B (Tham khdo) Huéng dn xac dinh gigi han ving bao...... Phy uc G (Tham khdo) Huréng din chung phan logi chun myc Phu luc D (Tham khdo) Phan tich Vector va sy thay dBi rung dng... Phu luc E (Tham khdo) Bo lvéng chuyén nghiép va kf thuat phan tich ... NNDB Bad TCVN 9229-1 : 2012 Lei ndi dau hoan toan tuong duong vét ISO 10816-1:1995 va Amendment 1:2009 TCVN 9229 — 1:2012 do Ban ky thuét tidu chun Co dign — BO Nong nghiép va Phat trién néng thén bién soan. B6 Nong nghiép va Phat trién nong thén aé nghi, Téng cuc Tiéu chudn Bo ludng Chat lugng thdm dinh, BO Khoa hoc va Céng nghé céng bd. BO tigu chun TCVN 9229, Rung co hoc - Dénh gid rung ddng cla may bang céch do trén cdc bd phan khong quay gdm 66 nam phan: — Phan 4: Huéng dan chung; — Phan 2: Nném may phat tuéc bin hoi nuéc nan dat céng suat lon trén 50 MW; — Phan 3: May céng nghiép céng sudt danh nghia tren 15 kW va téc 66 danh nghia gira 120 r/min va 15000 r/min khi do tai hién trrdng; — Phan 4: Nhém may tuéc bin ang lye khi ga, ngoai trir cé ngudn géc hang khdng; — Phan 5: Nhém may phét cng sudt thiy lye va nha may bom. TCVN 9229 -1 : 2012 i TIEU CHUAN QUOC GIA TCVN 9229-1: 2012 aR a ile Rung co hoc - Danh gia rung dng cua may bang cach do trén cac bé phan kh6ng quay - Phan 1: Huong dan chung Mechanical vibration - Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non- rotating parts - Part 1: General guidelines 4 Pham vi ap dung Tiéu chuan TCVN 9229 - 1 : 2012 thiét lap diéu kién chung va quy trinh do danh gia 46 rung dng bing ch do trén cdc b6 phan khéng quay, & noi thich hyp, cdc bd phan khéng chuyén dong qua lai tinh tién tren may hoan chinh. Chuan myc danh gid chung, thé hién théng qua d6 lon va sy thay 48i rung d6ng, ign quan 4én gidm sat van hanh va thi? nghiém nghiém thu. Cac danh gia duge tién hanh trréc tién nh&m myc dich d&m bao 46 tin cay, an toan, van hanh dai han ddng thdi giém thigu cac higu tng tc déng c6 hai déi voi may/thiét bj lién quan. Cac hung d&n duge diva ra du6i dang cai dat cac gidi han van hanh truéc. Chudn myc danh gid trong tiéu chudn nay chi ign quan dén rung déng do ban than may sinh ra ma khéng tinh d&n cdc rung dong truyén dain tir bén ngoai vao. Phan nay cita Tiéu chudin TCVN 9229 : 2012 (ISO 10816) khéng a8 cap dén cc rung d6ng quay xoén. 2 Talligu vign dan Cac tai ligu vin dn sau la rét c&n thiét 48 4p dung titu chudn nay. Béi véi cdc tai ligu vién din ghi nam cong bé, chi 4p dung phign ban duoc néu. Déi véi tai ligu vien dn khéng ghi nm céng b6, chi Ap dyng phién ban méi nhét, bao gbm cd cdc sira 481 bb sung (néu cd). ISO 7919-1, Rung co hoc cia may khéng chuyén déng tinh tién qua lai - Phan 1: Huréng d&n chung (Mechanical vibration of non-recjprocating machines-Measurements on rotaring shafts and avaluatin criteria ~ Part 1: General guidelines) TCVN 9229-1 : 2012 3 Dolwong Trong digu khoan nay mé ta cdch do, thi tue va didu kién van hanh thir nghiém durge khuyén cdo 48 danh gid rung dgng cia may. Theo 46, cho phép danh gid rung déng phi hyp véi cdc chudn mye va nguyén t&c chung quy dinh trong didu 5. 3.4 Théng s6 do 3.4.1 Daitdnsd Phép do rung dng phai duge thye hién & dai tan rong, sao cho’ bao trum phé tan sé rung dong cla may. Dai tan 6 phy thudc vao kiéu may quan tam (vi dy: dai t&n s6 cn thiét d2 dénh gid toan bd 6 lan phai bao phii céc tn s6 cao hon tan sé rung cia ban than may v6i 6 lan mang léng). Huéng din vé dai tn s6 do di véi loai may riéng biét phai tun thi theo cdc phan tuong tg ctia bo tigu chudn TCVN 9229/ISO 10816. CHU THICH: Trong qué khd, rung dng khde nghiét thuémg lién quan 161 van the rung dai rong (mms, gié tr] hidu dung) trong dai tn s6 tir 10 Hz dén 1000 Hz. Tuy nhién, 06 thé 4p dyng cé¢ dai tn 86 va ode dai lurgng do khdc nhau déi voi cac kidu may khéc nau. 3.4.2 Dal lugng do Cho mue dich eda phn nay olla tigu chun TCVN 8229 (ISO 10816), cdc dal Irong sau day dug sir dung: a) 46 chuy&n dich cia rung déng, bidu thi bang pm; b) van téc rung, biéu thj bang mm/s; ¢) gia téc rung, biéu thj bang m/s*. Cach sir dung, tng dyng va cdc gid tri gidi han cilia cdc dai Iueng nay dug d& cap trong didu 5. Nhin éhiing, khéng 66 méi quan hé don gidn gia gia téc, van tée va d9 dich chuyn cing nhur gia cc gid tri dinh (0-p), dinh - dinh (p-p), gid tri higu dung (r.m.s.) va rung déng trung binh dai tan rong. Ly do nay duge dé cap van tat trong Phy luc A, trong dé efing x4¢ dinh rd rang mét sé méi quan hé gi@a cc dai lugng trén khi biét duc thanh phan séng hai clia rung déng. ‘Bé trénh nham ln va dam bao sy suy dién chun xéc, trong sudt qué trinh can phai phan biét ro cdc don vi do (vi du: um (p-p), mm/s (r.m.s.). 3.4.3. D6 lon rung dong Két qua do cdc dal lveng rung dng bing thiét bj do phi hop véi quy dinh tal didu 4 durgc goi la a9 lon tung déng tai vi tri va hudng do xc dinh. 6 TCVN 9229 -1 : 2012 Théng thong, dwa trén kinh nghiém, khi danh gid rung déng dai tan rong d6i voi may quay can quan tam tr s6 van téc rung d@ng higu dung, bd! vi c6 thé lién quan t6i nang long rung dong. Tuy nhién, ‘cc dai lugng khac nh a dich chuyén hay gia téc va cdc gid tri dinh thay vi gid tri higu dung cé thé thich hop hon. Khi 46, cn o6 chuan myc khdo, khéng c&n cé méi quan hé don gidn voi chudn myc diya trén gid tri higu dung. 3.1.4 Rung dng khac nghiét ‘Théng thuéng, cdc phép do dugc thc hién tai mét sé vi tr’ khdc nhau theo hai dén ba huong, cho bo s6 liu gdm cdc gid tri do a6 16n rung déng khéc nhau. Gid tri d6 lon dai tan réng lén nhat do duoc & tai bé/gid dé may va didu kién van hanh théa thuan, durge xem Ia rung dng khdc nghiét. ‘Déi voi hau hét cdc loai may, mét gid tri rung déng kh&c nghiét sé dc trung trang thai rung dong cia may. Tuy nhién, ai voi mét sé may cdch tiép can nay 06 thé khong thich hop va rung dong khéc nghiét c&n durge danh gid déc lap d6i voi cdc vi tri do tai mot sd ving. 3.2 Vitrido Vi tri do phai duge chon trén 6 lan, vé géi 8 lan, hay c&c b6 phan két c4u khéc phan anh 6 rét cdc lye dong hoc va dc trung rung déng téng thé ciia may. Cac vi tri do didn hinh cho trong céc Hinh 1 dén Hinh 5, Dé xe dinh cdc tac déng rung tai mi vj tri do, nhin chung can phai do theo ba huéng vudng géc tuong hd (xem Hinh 1 dén Hinh 5). Théng thuéng, adi héi do theo ba huéng vuéng géc di voi thir nghiém nghiém thu. B6i vei yéu cau giém sdt rung d6ng, chi cn do mét hoc hai phép do theo chidu huéng tam (vi dy: phurong mat c&t nim ngang va/hoae phurong thang dteng). Cac phép do nay o6 thé urge bé sung thém phép do rung déng theo chidu doc truc, dang ké nhét tai vi tri 8 lan chiu ap lye, noi lan truyan tryc tiép Ive dong day doc tryc. Quy dinh chi tiét a6i voi kigu may riéng biét cho trong cdc phan bé sung tuong ting cua tiéu chuan TCVN 9229 (ISO 10816). 3.3. Cu tric gia d& may d6i vei thi nghiém nghigm thu 3.3.4 Thi nghiém tai hién trong TCVN 9229-1 : 2012 Hinh 2- Cac diém do d6i véi vanh géi a 4 tan TCVN 9229 -1 : 2012 Hinh 4 - Cac diém do 461 voi dong co chuyén dong qua Iai tinh tién TCVN 9229 -1 : 2012 Khi thir nghiém nghigm thu durgc tién hanh tai hién trudng (tai noi lép dat va lam viée ota may) phai dam bao két cu gid/bé d& dug cung cdp ding bd véi my, cdc thanh phan cdu thanh chinh cla may va két cu phai dug lp dat hoan chinh truéc khi tién hanh thir nghiém. Phai lu ¥ rang chi cé thé so sénh d6 rung déng olla cdc may cling kiéu, néu chung duge ldp tren nén hay b@ gid d& khdc nhau nhung o6 daic tinh dong twong ty nhau. 3.3.2. Phuong tién thir nghiém Cé nhidu logi may, do ly do kinh té hay céc ly do khéc, d6i véi chting cdc thir nghiém nghiém thu dug tién hanh trén bé thir (bé/gid 46) chuyén dung c6 Gaic tinh khac so véi bé gid do méy tai hign trudng. Két cdu bé gia 6 c6 thé tac dong dang ké lén két qua do rung déng, do vay mi sy nd lye dé dim bao tan sé ty nhién cla toan bé dan may thir nghiém khéng tring lap véi tin sé quay cia may hodc hai bac cao nao a6 66 6 Ion dang ka Bé tri thir nghiém théng thuéng théa man duge cae yéu cdu néu d6 lon rung dong do duge theo phuong nam ngang tai chan may, hay tai bé khung gan gia d& & lan hay chan stator, khéng vugt qué 50 % 46 lén rung dng nhan durgc theo cling chidu do tai 8 lan dd. Ngodi ra, so’ dd bé tri thir nghiém phai khéng gay ra sy thay @3i dang ké d6i v6i bat ky tan 86 céng huéng chinh nao. Néu cong hudng bé/gidé dé xudt hién trong qua trinh thir nghiém nghiém thu o6 d6 lon dang ké, va khéng thé loai bé dugc, khi 46 thir nghiém nghiém thu phai dugc tién hanh trén may 4 dp dat toan bd tai hign trong. ‘D6i voi mot 86 cdp may (vi dy: may dign nhé), thir nghiém nghiém thu cé thé urge tién hanh 6 didu kién may duge gan trén hé théng gid a6 dan hdi. Khi 46, cdc tin sé rung déng cia t&t cd cdc phan cetng ving cia méy trén hé théng bé gid dé phai nhé hon hai lan so véi tan s6 kich thich dang ké thép nhét. Bidu Kién bé gid 46 thich hep c6 thé tao duge théa man néu lép may trén tdm 4@ dan hdi hay hé treo tly do trén Id xo mam. 3.4. Két edu bé/gia 4 may 441 vol glém sat van hanh Gidm sat van hanh duge tién hanh trén may duge Iép dat toan bd tai hién trong (vi dy: trén két cdu bélgid 46 ldp at cé dinh tai hign trurong). 3.8 Didu kign van hanh may Cac phép do rung déng phai dug thyc hién sau khi 48 dat dugc didu kién van hanh chudn theo quy dinh. Cac phép do rung déng bé sung & cdc didu kién khdc néi trén khéng 4p dung dé danh gid rung dong theo didu 5. 3.6 Banh glé rung 46ng cia mél trong Néu 46 Ién rung déng do duge vuct qué gia tri giéi han quy dinh, khi 46 can thiét phai do rung déng ctia mdi trréng khi ngieng may thir nghiém, 48 dam bao rang khéng cé thanh phan rung déng dang k& "1 TCVN 9229-1 : 2012 nao trong két qua do quan sat 4 rung cia méi trvéng. O noi cho phép, cn thyc hign cdc bute 68 gidm thidu a6 Ién rung d@ng oa méi trréng néu né lon hon 1/3 gid tri gi6i han cho phép. 4 Thiét bj do Thiét bj do phai dug Iya chon lp dat sao cho hoat dong théa man trong mdi trréng diy kién sur dung, Vi dy: chju duge nhigt 49, Am 6 khéng khi méi trudng lam vig v.v. Bac biét phai dam bao dau do rung (chuyn d8i do gia téc) dugc lap 4at ding cach, sao cho sy hign dign cla dau do khéng lam thay 8i dc tinh d4p (eng rung ang cia may thir nghiém. Hai hé théng hién nay dugc ch4p nhan str dung rong rai d& hin thi rung dong dai t4n rng, duge gol la: a) Thiét bj do, t8 hgp gdm mach dau do va hién thi gid tri do higu dung (r.m.s.); b) Thiét bj do, t8 hop hoc mach dau do higu dung hay dau do gia tr trung binh, nhung o6 thang do ab gc cdc gid tri dinh-dinh (p-p) hay gia tri dinh (0-p). Thang do duge diya trén gid thiét tin tai méi quan hé ham didu héa (ham sin) gifra cdc gid tri higu dung, gid tri trung binh, gid tri dinh-inh (p-p) va dinh (Op). Néu két qué do rung déng dy trén hai dai luong do tré [én (vi dy: 4 dich chuyén, van t6c, gia tbc), thiét bj do sir dyng phai c6 i kha nang biéu thi déi vdi cdc dai long do tong tng. Khuyén cdo sir dung hé théng thiét bj do cé kha nang higu chuan tree tuyn 6i véi thiét bj do, cé cira ra doc lap a6 thu thap luu tri xi ly d@ liu thuan Igi theo yéu cau. 5 Chuan myc danh gia 8.4. Khai quat chung Trong didu nay quy dinh chudn myc chung va nguyén t&c anh gia 46 rung déng cia may. Cac chudn mye danh gié dé cap dén cd hai v4n 42: Gidm sat van hanh va thir nghiém nghiém thu, va chi 4p dung i véi rung dng phat ra tir ban thari may, khérig 4p dung ai véi rung dng truydn dn tir bén ngoai_ vio. Bbi-véi mét sb loal may, c&e huxémg dn i6% thigu trong phan nay ota eu chun TEVN 8229 (150 * 10816) duc bd sung cdc vn 48 v8 rung déng ctia truc truy&n dong trong TCVN 9228 - 1 (ISO 7919-1). Néu cdc quy trinh trong hai tiéu chudn néi trén du 6 thé dp dung dug, quy trinh ndo chat ché hon sé éurge wu tién Iva chon. Chuan myc ring biét d6i voi cdc digu khoan va kigu may khc nhau sé duge da ra trong cae phn tuong tng ciia b6 tiéu chudn TCVN 9229 (ISO 10816). 6.2 Chudn myc 12 TCVN 9229 -1 : 2012 Trong tiéu chudn nay dua ra hai chudn myc danh gid “rung déng khac nghiét" 46i véi cdc loai may khdc nhau. Mot chuan myc xem xét d6 l6n rung déng dai tan réng do duoc, chudn myc thi? hai chi xem xét sy thay di dé lén ma kh6ng quan tam dén chiu tang hay giam. 5.3. Chuan myc I: B6 lon rung dong Chuan myc nay quan tam dén viée xde dinh cdc ving gidi han d6 1én rung déng tuyét 46i nhat quan voi tai dng dat lén trén 6 lan va sy truyn dan rung dong tdi két cdu bé/gia 46, nén méng. D6 Ién rung dng ce dai do dug tai mai & lan hay gid 46 durgc danh gid theo vung ude lveng, thiét lap trén co’ sé kinh nghiém quéc té. 86 I6n rung déng cure dai nay dure do va xc dinh nhu “rung dong khdc nghiét” (xem diéu 3.1.4) 5.3.1. Ving wee Ivong Céc ving wee luong dign hinh dudi day dugc xac dinh nh&m Ganh gid chat Ivgng vé rung dong aéi v6i mot may cy thé va d8 dua ra huéng dln hanh dng can thiét. Sy phan chia ving va sé lvong ving 6 thé 4p dung cho cdc loai may riéng biét. Ving va sé long ving quy dinh bd sung trong cae phan khde clia iia tiéu chudn TCVN 9229 (ISO 10816). B6i v6i cdc logi may khéng c6 phan tiéu chudn cy thé, xem trong Phy luc B. = Vung A: Rung déng cia may méi sau khi dug cp phép sir dung (bén trong vung); = Ving B: Rung dong ciia may durgc phép lam vigc dai han (bén trong ving); = Ving C: Rung déng otia may khéng thod man digu kién van hanh dai han, Tuy nhién, cé thé van hanh méy trong khoang thdi gian nhat dinh & tinh trang nay cho én khi xuat hién tinh huéng phai tién hanh bién php otru chtra; — Ving D: Ce gi tri rung dong trong ving nay duge xem nhu aii "khdc nghiét" & lam héng may. Tri s6 gén cho cdc ving, khong phai la quy dinh v8 dac trung kj thuat, ma ld 461 tong théa thuan gitra nha ché taoicung cp va khéch hang/st dung may. Tuy nhién, cc gid tri gi6i han nay chi dura ra goi ¥ chung vé tinh trang yéu kém va a8 tranh cdc yéu cdu khéng thye t8. Trong nhing trréng hop xc Ginh, di voi may cu thd c6 thé c6 nhieng yéu cau v8 gid tri ving bao khde biét (cao hoc th4p hon) Khi 46, c&n thiét phai gidi thich ly do va dm bao ring may sé khéng bi nguy hiém khi van hanh & tri sé rung cao hon. 5.3.2. Gi6i han vung wéc lwong Rung déng cia may cy thé phy thude vao kich thus, tinh chét ciia vat thé rung va hé théng lip at, mue dich thiét ké. Béi vay can thiét phai lu y én cdc muc dich va hoan cdnh quan tam khi xac dinh dai do rung dong 4éi véi cdc loai may khac nhau. B6i voi hau hét cdc loai may, ty theo kiéu 8 lan uge siv dung, cdc phép do gi tri higu dyng dai t&n rong trén cdc bd phan két cu nhu vanh g6i de, niin chung sé phan dnh dy du didu kign van hanh eiia cdc thanh phan truc quay vé sy hoat dong tin cay. Trong nhidu trrdng hop, hién nhién van téc rung dng daic trung kha day di 46 rung dng khac nghiét trén dai van téc van hanh rong. Tuy nhién, nhu da biét néu chi dia vao mai gid tri van tdc, theo tan sé, 13 TCVN 9229-1 : 2012 6 thé dua dén 46 dich chuyén ln khéng chp nhan duc. Dac biét la adi voi may van hanh voi tbe 4 thdp khi ma thanh phan rung ddng “mot l&n-méi vong quay’ tréi nhdt. Tuong ty, chudn sb van téc khéng ddi déi voi may chay & téc 46 cao, hay véi tin sé rung déng phat ra bdi c&c bd phan cilia may thé dn aén gia thc lon khéng chép nhan duc. Bai vay, chudn myc chép nh&n duge diya trén van t6c quay 88 s& ¢6 dang cho trong Hinh 6. Didu nay quyét dinh gidi han trén f, va giéi han dui f, va cho thdy bén dudi tn sé f, va bén trén tan s6 f, van téc rung déng cho phép [a ham sé cua tan sé rung (xem Phy lye C). Tuy vay, 46i véi tan s6 rung nm gitra f, va fy, chudn s6 van téc khéng di duge 4p dung. Tri s6 higu dyng van téc cho trong Bang B lién quan dén ving van thc khéng déi. Ban chét nghiém ngat ctia chudn sé chép nhan va cdc gid tri fy, fy, fe va fy abi véi loai may cy thé cho trong cdc phan khdc cla TCVN 9229 (ISO 10816). ‘D6i voi may, rung déng dai t4n rong cé chia chil yu thanh phan rung dong don, thong Ia tan sé truc quay. Trong truéng hop dé, rung déng cho phép tra trén Hinh 6 [a van t6c rung phy thude tan sé quay twong tng Déi voi sé it may khéng phd bién, & 46 nang lgng rung aii !én vot qué diém gidi han f, va fy trong Hinh 6, cé thé cd eae cach tiép can khac, vi dy: a) Ngoai van téc dai tin réng, cAn do thém 46 dich chuyén dai Bn réng khi nang Iugng dui lon & dudi f,. Tuong ty, cn phai do gia téc dai tn réng khi nang Iugng du lon & tdn sé trén fy. Dd dich chuyén va gia téc cho phép phai phi hyp véi cdc doan déc trang Hinh 6. Van tbc higu dung, mm/s A te 4 he Frequency, ¢ Hinh 6- Hinh dang chung ciia chudn mye chép nhan van téc rung 727 844. He 14 TCVN 9229 -1: 2012 b) Van téc, d6 dich chuyén hay gia téc tai mai thanh phan dang ké trong suét phd tan can dug xc Ginh théng qua phép phan tich tan sé. Gia tri van téc dai t8n réng tong durong c6 thé thu nhan duoc tir bidu thtrc (A2) sau khi dura vao cac trong sé thich hgp, phi hgp véi Hinh 6, déi véi c&c thanh phan nay tan s6 cla chung thap hon f, ho&c cao hon f,. Tri 6 nay khi dé phai dug anh gia lin quan aén van téc khong ddi gitra f, va f,. Cling cdn phai luu ¥ rang, ngoai trir truéng hop Khi rung déng dai tan réng chira chu yéu thanh phan don tan sé, so snh tryc tiép cac thanh phan phé tan vei cdc durong cong trong Hinh 6 sé dan dén két luan sai am. ©) Cé thé phai tién hanh do dai tan réng hn hop bao trum toan bé phé tan bang hé théng thiét bj do ly trong sé thich hop véi hinh dang évréng cong trén Hinh 6. Gid tri nay phai dg danh gia lién quan v6i van téc khéng ddi trong khoang f, va f,. Chudn myc danh gid déi voi kidu may dc bit durge a8 c&p trong céc phan bd sung olla tiéu chudn TCVN 9229 (ISO 10816). Phy lyo C dua ra c&c huréng dln bd sung. Bb véi cdc loai may xée dinh, 6 thé cn thiét phai x4c dinh chudn mye kha n(ra ngoai pham vi md ta trong Hinh 6 (xem vi dy didu 5.6.3) 5.4 Chuan mye Il: Sy thay 481 49 16n rung dong Chuan myc nay dura ra dénh gid vé sy thay d8i 46 lon rung déng tir gid tri chudn a thiét lap truéc. Sy xudt hién cdc thay di dang k8 vd a9 rung déng dai tn rng, déi hdi mot s6 d4nh gia ma ving C cla chudn mu | khéng Gp tng durgc. Nhéeng thay d3i nh vay 6 thé xay ra dét ngot hodc t&ng dan theo thdi gian, qua 46 6 thé chi ra kip théi trréc khi xay ra sy od héng héc hay mot sé bidu hign khong binh thudng khéc. Chudn myc II duge quy dinh trén co s& sy thay 481 d6 l6n rung déng xuat hién & idu kién van hanh xéc Ip 6n dinh. Khi dp dung chun myc Il, c&c két qua do rung dong dem so sdnh phai durgc do tal cling vj tri dau do, huéng do va & cing mét digu kién van hanh. Cac thay 48i r6 rét v8 46 rung dong c&n durge kiém tra a8 tranh céc tinh huéng nguy hiém. Chudn myc a8 danh gid cdc thay d&i rung ddng dai tn rong cho myc dich giém sat durge a8 cp trong ode phan khdc ciia tidu chudn TCVN 9229 (ISO 10816). Tuy nhién, cdn phai chira rng mot sé thay ai 06 thé khéng phat hién duge ngoai triv cdc thanh phn t&n sé rdi rac dug gidm sat (xem digu 5.6.1). 8.5 Gi6i han van hanh i voi ché 49 van hanh dai hen, trong thurc té mot 96 kidu may cn thiét phai lap cdc gidi han rung 6ng. Cac gidi han nay 66 dang canh bao va ngét an toan. CANH BAO 8 dua ra cénh bao d6i voi gid tri rung dong cho trrvc 48 dat toi hay xudt hién sy thay 681 dang ké, tai 6 cn thiét cé céc hanh dong khdn cp. Nhin chung, néu trang thai c&nh bdo say ra, 66 thé tiép tye van hanh trong mét khoang thai gian trong khi tién hanh kiém tra xde dinh nguyén nhn dn dén thay di rung déng va xc dinh hanh déng'ctru chia. TCVN 9229-1 : 2012 NGAT AN TOAN Dinh r& 46 lon rung dong, ma we¢t qua né néu tiép tue van hanh may sé dn dén héng héc. Néu ‘gia tri ngat” bj vugt qua, c&n phai cé hanh dong khan cdp 48 gidm bét rung dng ho&c phai ding may. Gidi han van hanh khdc nhau, phan énh sy khée nhau v8 4 cimg ving cila cdc bé/gié 4 va tai dong, phai quy dinh ré va cdc vi tr va huéng do khac nhau. Khi c&n, xem cdc huréng din quy dinh v8 chun myc “Canh bdo" va *Ngat an toan bi véi céc logi may cy thé cho trong céc phan khdc cilia TCVN 8229 (ISO 10816). 5.5.1 Cai dat “Canh bao” Gia tri canh bao cé thé khac nhau dang ké, tang hog gidm di voi cde may khdc nhau. Cc tr s6 duge chon, théng thuréng duge dat lién quan dén gid tri dung co sé, xd¢ dinh theo kinh nghiém déi véi vi tri hay huéng do cho loai may riéng biét. Tri s6 "Canh bao” phai dugc dat cao hon gid ti duréng cor s& mot long bang ty |é clia giéi han trén ving B. Néu duéng co sé thdp, tri sé “Canh b4o” phai nam dudi ving C. Cac huéng dan adi vai cae loai may cy thé cho trong céc phan khdc cia TCVN 9229 (ISO 10816). Déi véi may mdi chua cé dudng co sé, chon dat ché 49 canh bdo ban dau trén co sé kinh nghiém tir c&c may tong ty hoac lién quan, phil hyp véi cdc gid tri chp nh§n 64 thod thuan. Sau mot thai gian van hanh, gia tr "dwéng co’ sé trang thai xc lap" cAn dug thiét lap va didu chinh lai theo gid tri canh bao tong tng. Néu dudng co sé & trang thai xéc lap thay 68i (vi dy: sau khi may duge dai tu), Tri s6 enh bao tong tang phai dugc xem xét Iai. Cac tri s6 dat canh bao van hanh cé thé khéc nhau tuong tng vai cac 8 lan khdc nhau trén may, phan anh sy khdc nhau trong tai déng va 49 ctmg vig otia bé/gid 43. 5.6.2 Cai dat ‘Ngat an toan® Gié tri ngét an toan thong phy thuge vao mire &@ tich hyp co’ khi ctia may va phy thude vao mi dae Giém thiét ké rigng bigt dva vao 48 may cé thé chiu dyng duge cdc lye dong bat thurdng. Céc tri sb gat an toan duge 4p dyng nhu nhau cho tit c cée may c6 thiét ké ging nhau va khéng lién quan dén gid tri €uong co’ sé trang thai x4c lap sir dung 48 @&t cdnh bao. Vi gid tri canh bao cé thé khdc nhau déi véi cdc may 06 thiét ké khdc nhau, do vay khéng thé dua ra chi d&n cy thé vé cdc gid tri ng&t an toan tuyét déi. Théng thuong, gid tri ng&t an toan n&m trong vung cvab. 5.6 Cac yéuté phy 5.6.1 Vector va tan sé rung déng Viéc danh gid rung dng trong tai ligu co ban nay chi han ché cho rung d6ng dai tan réng khong xem xét dén cdc thanh phan tan sé va pha. Didu nay tuong thich 446i véi nhidu tréng hgp thir nghiém 16 TCVN 9229 -1: 2012 Aghigm thu va muc dich giam sét van hanh. Tuy nhién, trong mét s6 truéng hop str dung théng tin vector 48 danh gia rung déng d6i véi kidu may xéc dinh cé thé [a bd ich. Théng tin thay 46i vector dc biét bé Ich khi phat hign va phan tich sy thay di trang thai dong lye ctia may. Trong mét sé trvéng hop, sy thay d4i nay c6 thé khéng phat hién durgc bang cée phép do rung d6ng dai tin réng. Diéu nay dug minh hoa trong Phy lye D. Quy dinh vé chudn myc thay 48i vecto’ khéng ndm trong khuén khé phan nay cia bé tiéu chudn TCVN 9229-1 (ISO 10816-1). 5.6.2 Rung déng khac nghiét déi voi may Rung dng do dugc trén may cy thé 06 thé dé bj thay ai trong digu kién van hanh xc lap n dinh. Trong nhiéu trueng hop sy thay déi nay la kh6ng dang ké. Trong mét sé truéng hep khac, rung dng kh&c nghiét c6 thé duc xem nhu théa man néu do & didu kign x4c lp én dinh nhung kh6ng théa man néu didu kign nay bj thay adi. Khuyén cdo, trong tong hgp cé mét sé hudng nhay cém rung déng ctia may bi nghi ng@, can phai dat urge sy théa thugn gifra khdch hang va nha ché tao/oung cp vé sy cdn thiét phai mé réng cdc danh gid thir nghiém hay dénh gid ly thuyét. 5.6.3 Kj thuat dac biét adi voi phan te lan cla 6 an Cac cach tiép can khac so véi do rung déng dai tan réng la thueng xuyén xem xét danh gid diéu kién lam viéc cla cac phan td lan cia 4 lan. VAn a nay sé xem xét trong Phy luc E. Binh nghia va chudn myc danh gid vé cdc phuong phdp khdc khéng 4 cp trong phan nay cia bé titu chun TCVN 9229 (ISO 10816). TCVN 9229-1 : 2012 Phy luc A (Tham khdo) Hé thirc dang séng rung dong Nhidu n&m qua, phép do van téc rung higu dung 44 dugc thira nhan réng rai dé dac trung dp ung cla cae loai may rat thanh dng va tiép tuc dugc thira nhan. Déi voi cdc dang séng khdc nhau té hgp tir mét s6 sng hai rdi rac thanh phan c6 dé én va pha, va khéng chiva cdc thanh phan rung déng hoa s6c ng&u nhién ding ké, khi 46 c6 thé sir dung phan tich Furie a8 lin két cdc dai lugng co ban khéc nhau (vi dy nhu d6 dich chuyén, van téc, gia téc, dinh, tri higu dyng, gid tr trung binh v.v.) bang cae bidu thire toan hoc chinh x4c xée dinh. Van a8 nay khéng phai déi tong olla Phy luc nay. Tuy nhién, mét 86 cdc phurong trinh bé ich duge tom tat dui day: Tyr van tdc rung do durgc theo thé gian ghi due, tri higu dung cita van téc 06 thé tinh dug nhur sau: (At) trong 46: v(t) la van téc rung phy thude théi gian, m/s; Vins 1@ van téc higu dung, m/s; T [a thdi gian l4y mau (do) dai hon thé gian chu ky cla m&i tn sé thanh phan chinh tao nén v(t). Gia téc, van téc vashoac d6 lén chuy&n dich (a, v, 8; j =1, 2, ..., n) €6 thé xa dinh dugc cho cac tan s6 khdc nhau (ff, ..., fa) tle phan tich phd ghi nhan duge. Néu cdc gid tri d dich chuy€n rung dng dinh-dinh s,, 82... 8atinh bang jim hay gid tri van téc rung v,, Vaiss Vatinh bang mm/s, hoa a, a2,..., an tinh bang m/s? va cdc t&n sé f,, fa, .... fs tinh bang Hz biét trurdc, van téc higu dung lién quan dure mé ta bang chuyén déng bidu thi bang: Voge = 7.107, FL. +eAF tut (Sh) ]= = fete elt, (2) -(¢]-- (sy ? "AWA A fA} (A2) h CHU THICH: Theo ISO 2041, tin s6 f con duge goi la thn s4 chu ky f. Trong truéng hyp rung déng chi chtra hai thanh phan tan sé dang ké tao ra nhip rung tri sé higu dung: Vin: Vmax Va Vine C6 thé drgc xdc dinh gn ding theo biéu thire: TCVN 9229 -1 : 2012 ras * Vain) ) Thay thé gid tri gia t6c rung, van téc hay chuyén dich rung cé thé hoan toan thu nhan duge chi c&c thanh phan don hai t&n sé riéng ré, si dung vi dy Hinh A1. Néu van téc rung cia thanh phan tan sé don da biét, 46 chuyén dich dinh-dinh 06 thé dug danh gid théng qua céng thi 450, th (A4) trong a6: ; la gia tri d chuyén dich, um; v; la gid tri van t6c rung higu dung, mm/s cia thanh phan véi tan sé f, H, Velocity, m/s trams.) “0 20 $0 100 200 ‘$00 1000-2000 $000 10000 Frequency, Hz Hinh A.1 — Quan hé glira gla tée (acceleration), van téc (velocity) va a6 dich chuy&n (displacement) v6i thanh phan tan s6 (frequency) don hal TCVN 9229-1 : 2012 Phy luc B (Tham khao) Hwéng dan x4e djnh gidi han ving bao Phan nay cla TCVN9229 (ISO 10816) a t&i ligu cor ban thiét lap quy trinh chung 48 do va danh gid rung déng co hoc cita may bling céch do trén cdc bd phan khéng quay, khéng a8 cap dén cae chudn mye riéng biét. Céc quy dinh riéng biét d6i voi nhidu kigu may théng dung durge a8 cap trong cdc phan khdc etia b6 tigu chudn TCVN 9229 (ISO 10816). Chuan mye dénh gid a6i voi cdc kidu may foal may cy thd khéng cd phan tigu chudn ring théng thurgng diya trén kinh nghiém van hanh tét d6i voi cdc kidu may tuong ty va thda thuan gira nha cung cdp va ngudi mua. Céc yéu té c&n quan tam xem xét bao gdm vi tri, chidu do, dai tn s6, 46 linn hoat cia bén gid d6 va didu kign van hanh. Trong cae tnrmg hyp Khéng cé kinh nghiém cn thidt ho’e khéng cé phan riéng trong bé tiéu chudn TCVN 9229 (ISO 10816), p dung pham vi gid tri cla cac ving bao wéc Iugng A/B, B/C va C/D tong tang (xem didu 5.3.2) cho trong Bang B.1. Nhin chung va gi6i han ving bao uéc Iugng a) déi voi may nhé (vi dy: d6ng co dién cong sudt dén 15 kW), 66 xu thé nhan cdc gid tr] nhd, phia du6i dai, va b) 4éi voi may 16n (vi du: may dong lye so cAp véi gié/bé a6 theo chidu do rung), 06 xu thé nhn cdc gia tri lon, phia trén dai. Cée gid tri nay cung c4p co sé 44 thdo Iuan danh gia va théa thuan gira nha cung c4p va ngudi mua nhung phai dg dm bao sao cho tranh cdc thién lech hoac cdc yéu cau khéng thyrc té. Phai than trong can nhc khi 4p dung cdc tr} s6 cho trong Bang B.1 ligu 46 cé phai la dc diém lién quan dén kidu may cy thd, c&n ép dung ode gid tri khdc. 20 TCVN 9229-1: 2012 Bang B.1 - Dai cc gia trj dién hinh cia céc ving bao AJB, B/C va C/D Dal cc gid tri van téc rung higu dyng cla ving bao dién hinh, mm/s 0,28 0,28 0,45 0,45 071 4,42 412 Vung bao AB 18 5 Tw 0,71 én 4,5 18 28 28 Ving bao B/C 45 ! Tw 1,848n9,3 48 7 : m8 Vung bao C/D ad Tir 4,5 dén 14,7 4 11,2 14,2 147 rz = 14,7 18 es pec eo Go] se ee 18 28 45 pee | 45 CHU THICH 1; Bang sé nay chi 4p dung cho céc kiéu may khong dug dé cap trong cdc phan ring olla bd tiéu chudin TCVN 9229-1 (ISO 10816) nay va 6i vi may chive cb aii kinh nghiém thich hop trong qua khé, CHU THICH 2: Chun mye chép nhgn 06 thé la 46i durong théa thugn gia nha cung cp va khdch hang, ‘CHU THICH 3: Gid tri duc chon phai cain ctr vao vj tri do va kidu bé gia 6 linh hoaéan héi. CHU THICH 4: May nhé (vi dy: dong co didn ccoong suét dén 15 kW) nghiéng vé phia gid tr thép va dai may lore (vi du: May déng lc so’ cp vii bé gid 46 theo chidu do rung) nghiéng vé gid trj cao trong dai. 2 TCVN 9229-1 : 2012 Phy luc © (Tham khao) Hwéng dan chung phan loai chuan myc Chuan mye van t6c cho trong Hinh 6 cé thd bidu dién duéi dang biéu thitc tng quat sau: Vama= Va.G. (fof) (fy fa)” (A) trong a6: Vins l& van téc higu dyng cho phép, mm/s; va la van téc higu dyng khéng ai 4p dyng cho ving A gitra f, va f,, mm/s; G Ia yéu té xdc dinh duréng bao giéi han (vi du: gidi han cia ving A cé thé nhan duge khi dat G = 1, giGi han ciia ving B khi Gat G = 2,56 va gidi han ving C — khi dat G = 6,4); yu té nay c6 thé la ham sb cia thc 49 hoac bat ky dai long van hanh may nao (vi du: tdi, ép suat, lu lugng dong chay...); f, va f, la tin s6 xéc dinh, trong 46 chudn mire van t&c khéng d8i 4p dung gid dinh nam trong, Hz. fy= fy Khi fs fy fat khi f>f, fet khi f

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