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Gast Li 1999
Gast Li 1999
1, March 1999 51
Abstract: In this paper, a new method of identification of the induc- not suited to general purpose drive applications for which one
tion motor equivalent circuit parameters is introduced and discussed. method using the single-phase test instead of the blocked-rotor
The proposed method uses the single-phase test results as a base test
for calculating the equivalent circuit parameters of the induction
test was proposed [6][9]. However, the no-load test remains a
motor. The single-phase test is performed using a variable frequency major problem especially when the motor cannot operate at no-
power supply (inverter). The test was conducted at various frequen- load since its shaft is permanently connected to its load.
cies while the voltage, current and power factor were measured. This paper presents a new method of identification of IM-
Thereafter, the motor parameters are calculated. The precision of cal- ECP using the single-phase test only. The test is performed at
culation of the motor parameters is sensitive to the accuracy of meas-
urements which can be improved by the use of high performance
various voltage frequencies using a PWM inverter.
microprocessors.
11. SINGLE-PHASE TEST
Keywords: Induction Motor, Single-phase Test, Equivalent Circuit, It is commonly known that the data needed for computing
Parameters. the performance of an IM under load operation can be obtained
from the results of a no-load test, a blocked rotor test, and
I. INTRODUCTION measurements of the dc resistances of the stator windings. In
The conventional technique for the identification of the order to perform these tests, two difficulties are faced: i) it is
Induction Motor (IM) Equivalent Circuit Parameters (ECP) are difficult to block the rotor when the motor is incorporated
based on the no-load and the blocked rotor tests. The main dis- inside a system, ii) the no-load test is typically hard to perform
advantage of this method is that the motor has to be locked in practice, because of fan and gear losses or simply because
mechanically and tests have to be carried out by skilled opera- the machine cannot rotate without load.
tors. Moreover, most low-cost applications require an inverter The mechanical blocking of the motor can be omitted by
which can be quickly set up by the plant engineer and every substituting the three-phase blocked-rotor test by a single-
installation requires the tuning to different motors with differ- phase test. No torque is then produced and the electric behav-
ent parameters. iour of the machine is almost the same as in the case of three-
On the other hand, the desired parameters needed for the phase excitation [ l].When operating within the linear range
control purposes, are those which are valid for the fundamental there is no severe difference related to the electric behaviour of
components of voltages and c:urrents. Therefore, the attempt to the machine at three- and single-phase excitation. But in the
determine the motor parameters by analysing the impulse saturation range at the three-phase excitation, the magnetizing
response of the machine does not give a detailed description of inductance is slightly larger than that in the case of single
the motor regarding its fundamental components, but is only phase excitation.This effect is due to third order harmonics,
suitable for the tuning of the current controller [l]. Several which appear at three-phase excitation in the winding voltages.
other methods of motor parameters identification have been These haimonics countenvork the sources of saturation and as
proposed in the literature [l-51. Most of these methods are spe- a consequence the effective magnetizing inductance is slightly
cific to certain control algorithms and require additional sen- larger than in the case of single- phase excitation, where such
sors such as a speed sensor [2]. In addition, these methods are harmonics can not occur [11.
The no-load test also can be omitted and substituted with the
single-phase test. If making several single-phase tests, for van-
PE-I 03-EC-O-10-1997 A paper recommended and approved by the
IEEE Electric Machinery Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering ous frequencies at a constant stator-flux level, the locus curve
Society for publication in the IEEE Transactions on Energy of the stator current can be drawn. Assuming constant parame-
Conversion. Manuscript submitted February 25, 1997; made available ters the Heyland diagram which contains the information of all
for printing October 19, 1997. parameters, can be constructed. However, this method does not
allow an automatic computation by a microprocessor. Further-
more, the rotor parameters vary at high frequencies due to cur-
rent displacements.
' .
3-Phase
PWM D
Inverter
3 0 -
Fig. I : Circuit diagram for the single-phase test. 2-(a) T-Form
3 2-(c) Inverse-T-Form
p3p = 2 x Plp (2)
where E and P designate the voltage and the power respec- Fig. 2. IM equivalent circuit during .single-phase test.
tively.
IVlI . R”;X”,
X e , = -sin$ = X’, + (25)
14 I R“ 2
Considering X’, = wl’, and C“,,, = oM‘, and assuming
that, for two angular frequencies w1 and w2 (in the same order),
the motor parameters remain unchanged, the motor parameters
at any frequency can be expressed as follows.
B. T-Form Circuit:
According to Fig. 2-(b), the equivalent circuit impedance
takes the following expression:
V ALGORITHM FOR ECP IDENTIFICATION
The procedure followed to implement the algorithm for the
calculation of ECP is similar to that presented in [6] and [8].
The same controller and inverter were used.
IVlI Rf2Xi
Req= -COS$ = Rl+ (18) The stator resistance R I is measured using the inverter as a
I11 I RfZ2+ (X‘,,, + Xf2)’ chopper [6] and the remaining parameters are determined
based on the results of the single-phase test.
X’,R‘i + X’,X’,(X’, + X’2) Fig. 3 shows the flowchart of the algorithm for computing
-sin$.
X e q = IVII = (19)
111I R’i + (X’,,, + X’,)’ motor parameters for the three equivalent circuits described
above. The single-phase test is performed at two different
Considering X’, = wlf2, X’, = OM’ and angular frequencies o1and o2of the voltage supply. For each
L’, = l’, + M‘ , and assuming that, for two angular frequen- frequency, the rms values of the voltage VI(@) and the current
cies w1 and 02 (in the same order), the motor parameters Il(w) as well as the sine and cosine values (cos@,sin@)of their
remain unchanged, the motor parameters at any frequency can phase angle @ are calculated using the Fourier Series Expan-
be expressed as follows. sion (FSE) method [6]. The real part and the imaginary part of
the equivalent impedance are then calculated. Finally, the
equivalent circuit parameters of all three models are calculated
using the set of equations given in section (8).
The same procedure can be repeated for different sets of
angular frequencies w1 and w2 which makes it possible to
determine their effect on motor parameters.
This routine along with the FSE routine are incorporated in
the Vlf PWM control program in the same way as the one
described in [7]. The advantages of using such a PWM control
algorithm are its simplicity and the easy implementation of the
FSE method for the calculation of the voltage and current fun-
damental components.
C. Inverse-T-Form Circuit:
According to Fig. 2-(c), the equivalent circuit impedance VI. EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
takes the following expression: The proposed algorithm was implemented in the DSP
TMS320C25. The experimental system configuration which
was originally used for flux-controlled Vlf PWM inverter con-
trol with voltage auto-boost capabilities [7], is shown in Fig. 4.
During the single-phase test, one phase of the motor is dis-
IVlI R”,X”;
Req= -COS@ = Rl+ (24) connected automatically from the inverter so that the motor
I
111 R“,’ + X”; connection is performed according to Fig. 1. The current is
54
START
I
I
I
I
Apply FSE
to voltage
Single-phase
I -U
This operation iF
repeated twice at
two frequencies
0,and w2
to current
I
I
I
t
I I
I I
I I airgap flux
I Controller
I I I
I
I
I Fig. 4: Experimental .sy.rtemconfiguration.
I
J
Table 1: ECP measured from no-load and blocked-rotor tests
5.546 89.111
START
T-Form
,.. ... 4-T-Form
-4. Inverse-T-Form Average Values
.. .. ..
.. .. . , . . . .
.. .. ... .
..
.
..
.
..
.
..
.
..
.
ID 15 20 25 so I S 40 & 50 55 (10
Frequency [Hz]
I I
j / /
..
. .. ... ..... . . . . ... . . . .
.. .. ..
.. .. ..
... ..
...
..
...
.., . .
15
.
20
.
,
,
25
..
50 35
Frequency [Hz]
...
40
..
,
45
...
60
.
55
,
60
lated at low frequency as follows.