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Guided-Wave Radar Instruments Diagnostics

 S Bharadwaj Reddy  Leave a comment

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Modern radar level instruments provide a wealth of diagnostic information to aid in troubleshooting. One of the most informative
is the echo curve, showing each re ected signal received by the instrument along the incident signal’s path of travel. The following Instrument Calibration
image is a screen capture of a computer display, from software used to con gure a Rosemount model 3301 guided-wave radar
level transmitter with a coaxial probe: Distance Instrument Measuring

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To view a animation showing how a guided-wave radar (GWR) instrument detects both liquid surface level and liquid-liquid
interface level, CLICK HERE

Pulse P1 is the reference or ducial pulse, resulting from the change in dielectric permittivity between the extended “neck” of the
probe (connecting the transmitter to the probe tube) and the coaxial probe itself. This pulse marks the top of the probe, thereby Like our FB Page – Get Updates
establishing a point of reference for ullage measurement.
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This next screen capture shows the same level transmitter measuring a water level that is 8 inches higher than before. Note how
pulse P2 is further to the left (indicating an echo received sooner in time), indicating a lesser ullage (greater level) measurement:

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Several threshold settings determine how the transmitter categorizes each received pulse. Threshold T1 for this particular radar Todd E. Boyett
instrument de nes which pulse is the reference ( ducial). Thus, the rst echo in time to exceed the value of threshold T1 is Really helping article to crimping an RJ45
interpreted by the instrument to be the reference point. Threshold T2 de nes the upper product level, so the rst echo in time to Connector correct...

exceed this threshold value is interpreted as the vapor/liquid interface point. Threshold T3 for this particular transmitter is used to Joseph
de ne the echo generated by a liquid-liquid interface. However, threshold T3 does not appear in this echo plot because the Please I need an installation hook-up
interface measurement option was disabled during this experiment. The last threshold, T4, de nes the end-of-probe detection. Set procedure for interfac...

at a negative value (just like the reference threshold T1), threshold T4 looks for the rst pulse in time to exceed that value and nazim
interprets that pulse as the one resulting from the signal reaching the probe’s end. i need this software simatic manager if
some one have kindly...

All along the echo curve you can see weak echo signals showing up as bumps. These echoes may be caused by discontinuities
along the probe (solid deposits, vent holes, centering spacers, etc.), discontinuities in the process liquid (suspended solids,
emulsions, etc.), or even discontinuities in the surrounding process vessel (for non-coaxial probes which exhibit varying degrees of
sensitivity to surrounding objects). A challenge in con guring a radar level transmitter is to set the threshold values such that
“false” echoes are not interpreted as real liquid or interface levels.

A simple way to eliminate false echoes near the reference point is to set a null zone where any echoes are ignored. The upper null
zone (UNZ) setting on the Rosemount 3301 radar level transmitter whose screen capture image was shown previously was set to
zero, meaning it would be sensitive to any and all echoes near the reference point. If a false echo from a tank nozzle or some
other discontinuity near the probe’s entry point into the process vessel created a measurement problem, the upper null zone
(UNZ) value could be set just beyond that point so the false echo would not be interpreted as a liquid level echo, regardless of the
threshold value for T2. A “null zone” is sometimes referred to as a hold-o distance.

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Some radar level instruments allow thresholds to be set as curves themselves rather than straight lines. Thus, thresholds may be
set high during certain periods along the horizontal (time/distance) axis to ignore false echoes, and set low during other periods to
capture legitimate echo signals.

Regardless of how null zones and thresholds are set for any guided-wave radar level transmitter, the technician must be aware of
transition zones near each end of the probe. Measurements of liquid level or interface level within these zones may not be
accurate or even linearly responsive. Thus, it is strongly advised to range the instrument in such a way that the lower- and upper-
range values (LRV and URV) lie between the transition zones: Inst Tools IOS App

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The size of these transition zones depends on both the process substances and the probe type. The instrument manufacturer will What is calibration
provide you with appropriate data for determining transition zone dimensions.
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Note : Probe mounting style will also in uence the lower transition zone, in the case of exible probes anchored to the bottom of Allen Bradley SLC
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