Name:_Key oe Chemical Engineering 170A. November 9, 2007 Midterm Exam IE (100 pts) Closed Book and Closed Notes ‘Two 8.5 x 11 in, pages of notes (front aud back) allowed 1. Sketch the steady state biomass and substrate concentration (X, S in gmv/l) and productivity (DX in gm/Ihs) in a chemostat as a function of dilution rate (D in hr) on the plot below, Make sure to label each curve. (3 pts) eels +) 2S + Vp X,8 (gm) + \pt BS (oth) 2. Show that 1 = D for a chemostat at steady state with a sterile feed (4 pls). Mass balance ln omass S. 0+ Dk“ X)4 WX 2A Vad = Ake X)s AXV ct FiXo- Xs sienle feed Xe 0 Apts. Had mass wnhng . - auywner Yeas CAPER PX= DX FO 4 (we DIREC Xes #0 So i Pod =O BRED 3. You know the power input (in Watts) to a six-blade pitched-blade impeller (W/D =1/8) used in a continuously stirred tank bioreactor. Assume you know the diameter of the impeller and the impeller speed. The density of the fermentation broth can be taken as thal of water. Briefly explain, in words, how you would calculate Yayp, the apparent viscosity of the fermentation broth (6 pls). dots. power eS Caleutate Hed/power HN the dioseler D and Hoe ayhs Spee Not -Hhe wapeller ana pane density of Hye. loveth, wsing dee Chart rq > 20 tw find tne’ Re number tue the. eho — cattormett Power ar. Use Curve 1 Gr a le blade, priched- blade \mpeller fom kriowing elie” Re FEAnd DN, # Py yorrcasy calculare Mapp, the apparent viscosity x the oth. Apts. for4, The following plot relates the rate constant for cell death (k, min") of the organism 2. stearothermophilus \o temperature (deg K) 00 Fam oco ‘ooraee —omnee Ooms OnmE (OMS om aro, a) Whatis the activation energy, F,, for thermal ccll death (6 pts)? Slope = — Ea/g Bnk= ink. = Ea} R Slope = p8o-wWAO + - 35882 NK Byprs Cal CLEMO 0, 00454 - 0.00231 sors. Good ~BSSSZHK = Fay Ea = R GS8824K) onswe Rea- ¥BId Tx BSH TK = RAK KT nay Krone 5. ‘The enzyme urease is immobilized on non-porous polymer beads and is used in a plug flow reactor to convert urea to COz and ammonia. Assume the flow rate is high enough to overcome any extemal mass transfer effects. If the initial urea concentration is 25 mM, what residence time is needed to convert 80% of the urea to CO; and ammonia (6 pts)? Useful parameters: Sa = 0.80 Urease Vax ~ 10 mmoles/min'l Ky =20 mM T= CaoSa - Ky tn (i-Sa) Sets. ema en Vmax Vinax - du (0.2) 20.8 - 20mm min ke 1D mencte 5 Bots. CeMeutochon and aiswerr6. B. coli have a maximum respiration rate, qOjux , of 240 mg Or/gdwhr. It is desired tu achieve a cell mass of 20 gdw/l. The kia is 120 h” in a 1000 | reactor (800 I liquid volume). A gas stream enriched in oxygen is bubbled through a batch bioreactor to give a value of Cy’ = 28 mg/l. If oxygen becomes growth limiting, growth and respiration arc slow and qO> can be written as 40, = qOzrael, 0. one +, : where Cis the dissolved oxygen concentration in the fermentor. What is C, when the cell mass is at 20 w/l (25 pts)? oar out Ligas da Balance gawd Phose Ca RaLonte Bots. Rigaud rave . ay . mass VeACe = Ra (CL- CI = Gda XE atance airm —t at In @ teel- beckeh System fF Ex yen AranspErE 1S Gracty Looting ten +e rate of eonsumphon of oxygen by He Cells eqpuals Transpert af O&YGEN Inetine Viqwud and ac =o peoce Ora CLC) = GDaX ue Pte iley ~ star . S ps. for ecqguatns feseren't Rya lO L-CL) = Gbamex Ce X — kia = law ye +wod Growing ———— ; 1 O.2 mg + Cy C7 = 2 mrgih & GOamax = AYO my Oa < gohr O24 Spis. for putingin pig BBWO-\20C, = . PRES ASCO CL YgoOd, =LO2HCL) (S3LO ~12004) 120 (28-CL) = 240 C, (20) Oe CL Ses. Gr APOE = 12 = PHC, + SBEOC, ~1ZOEN sehang I20C PF e\Muuc, Utz =O At A122 Case CUrHVA2EL-— Bt O Che 12.2 & LO 4 e.&) Cpe 12.2 £13.09 3. 2) 7 ye 5 pts. Pyrah answer 2 Ce p45 mg hh Bee veo! gives @O) Ce7. A continuous sterilizer at 120 °C rms at a flow rate such that the flow is turbulent, For fully developed turbulent flow, the modified Peclet number, (d;u,/D) reaches an upper limit of 3.33. The ratio of reactor length to reactor diameter (L/d,) is 100, and the reactor volume is 5 1. ‘The unsterilized medium contains 10* spores/l and the reactor has a residence time of 5 minutes. a) Calculate the value of the Pe for this reactor. Can you assume the continuous sterilizer behaves us a plug {low :eactor? Why or why not? (10 pts) Modified Pe = 333 = de-us Pe=lus pts fur 5 : L/ de = 100 332 bus o Bo Cabeutating Pe oles ke p10 The Pe is feurly large which 100 Lous = 3337 Pe Means there 1s more convection Ds ats taking place than disperser SO we can assume He Conlinucus feactur is & plug flow reaclor b) The cell death rate constant k is 2.0 min at 120°C. What is the probability of contamination for the medium exiting the reactor after one residence time (10 pts)? Explanation 5 pts. Ge equabof~ PLO) = prvbabs Irby of contammahen Pty C1- eT REN? Ny = # of Spores + smin in 4 residence me No= 10‘Spores x 54 R> aun"! a acy eeree® B pts, for No = 50,000 I PED = 1-1-2797) working aug Nee BOe dire ) Souchors & for ansgwer = 0.8497 F497 Lo probability of contaminaherd ©) What parameters, if any, can you adjust to decrease the probability of contamination (5 pts)? To decrease probability of contamination You cum intvease the temperature or increate cthe residente time Cy edther increasing tre volume of the react or decreasiny the How rate). 5 pis fr explanation (as pts. far tere, 29-5 for cesisenre time) 48. You are working for a biotechnology company in the Ray Area that wants to produce ‘an antibody from chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in a perfusion bioreactor with a residence time of 2 hours. Data from a batch culture (started from an inoculum of 10" cells/ml show that the net specific growth sate at 10 hours of culture is 0.5 hr and the ‘growth of CHO cells during the exponential phase can be described by the following: Xo ay ar a) Ifyou plan to operate your perfusion bioreactor at a specific growth rate matching that of the batch system at 10 hours, what is the predicted steady-state value for biomass in the perfusion bioreactor (15 pts)? t t OF Spl, XE - Ff yeeerde Xa = Xoe*- wle?** : e chor? . - , . P , 10 F/V= Vang © OS he Xss = bser0 ceils f not : aL Je dt pls. Soling integreck ? X35 * 5600 celle x he ostie? °) az é -€ me ’ XEe= 10 000 (1184 - 1) = Lar 10% cells (me H pis, firal answer b) The specific antibody production rate in CHO cells is 10 pp/cell-hr, and is growth associated, Calculate the expected steady-state concentration of antibody in the perfusion bioreactor (10 pts). mess balance on P r—] yon 5 pts VAP = - (Hr B)P + UX Li mass dt és patancee (SS oO = —FPs vX HeB oF & v P equation Fp yx 5 By = VuXss Vv r - 7 5 pts. Pog = Qhe x lpg y INI x10%cette ~ 2-H x10 pg final cen-he me mt answer $ + catculations bss 2A MEL