Argel Joseph B. Quimado CHN Lec.

8:30-9:30
HIV/AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Introduction
>HIV/AIDS first occurred in Africa and spread to the Caribbean Islands. It was reported in the
USA in 1981 and cases were soon described in other countries. This sexually transmitted disease
spread so rapidly that is soon occurred in epidemic proportion in several countries of the world
including the Philippines. It is currently pandemic.

>The first case of AIDS in the Philippines was reported in 1984. As of May 2000, based on
Philippine National AIDs Council (PNAC) records, there were 1,385 HIV positive and 464 AIDs
cases. There had been 206 deaths.

Causative agent
>Retro – Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus 3 (HTLV -3)

Mode of Transmission
>Sexual contact
>Blood transfusion
>Contaminated syringes, needles, nipper, razor blades
>Direct contact of open wound/mucous membrane with contaminated blood, body fluids, semen
and vaginal discharges.

Prevention
>Maintain monogamous relationship
>Avoid promiscuous sexual contact
>Sterilize needles, syringes and instruments used for cutting operations
>Proper screening of blood donors
> Rigid examination of blood and other products for transfusion
>Avoid oral, anal contact and swallowing of semen
>Use of condoms and other protective device.

Treatment
At this time, there is no cure for AIDS, but medications are effective in fighting HIV and its
complications. Treatments are designed to reduce HIV in your body, keep your immune system
as healthy as possible and decrease the complications you may develop.

You and your doctor will work together to develop a treatment plan that best meets your needs.
Three main factors will be considered when designing your treatment plan:

 Your willingness and readiness to begin therapy

 The stage of your disease
 Other health problems
Incubation Period
>Variable. Although the time from infection to the development of detectable antibodies is
generally 1-3 months, the time from HIV infection to diagnosis of AIDS has an observed range
of less than 1 year to 15 years or longer.

Signs and Symptoms

A.Physical
>Maculo-papular rashes
>Loss of appetite
>Weight loss
>Fever of unknown origin
>Malaise
>Persistent diarrhea
>Tuberculosis (localized and disseminated)
>Esophageal candidiasis
>Kaposi’s sarcoma (skin cancer)
>Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia
>Gaunt-looking, apprehensive
B.Mental
Early stage
>Forgetfulness
>Loss of concentration
>Loss of libido
>Apathy
>Psychomotor-retardation
>Withdrawal
Later stage
>Confusion
>Disorientation
>Seizures
>Mutism
>Loss of memory
>Coma