Semana 2

Introducción
Compare Networks by...
◼ What is flowing
◼ What different forms flow
◼ What rules govern flow
◼ Where does the flow occur
Utilities

Examples of
Networks
Utilities

Examples of
Networks

Biological
Utilities

Examples of
Networks

Biological Social
Utilities Transportation

Examples of
Networks

Biological Social
 Communications

Utilities Transportation

Examples of
Networks

Biological Social
 LANs/WANs

Postal TV/Radio
Service

Communications

Pager/
Telephone
Cellular
LANs & WANs
◼ Local Area Networks (LANs)
◼ Operate locally
◼ Multi-user access @ high speeds

◼ Wide Area Networks (WANs)

◼ Operate over larger areas
◼ Access over serial links @ low speeds
Local Area Networks
◼ What was the first type of computer
network called?
◼ Do you know the name of the first
device used to connect computers?

Hub
 LAN Devices (Tollbooths)
◼ Connects PCs;
Hub Repeats signals

Bridge ◼ LAN segmentation;

MAC addresses
◼ Faster bridge;
Switch Full bandwidth

◼ Path determination;
Router Packet switching
 WAN Devices (Tollbooths)

◼ Path determination;
Router Packet switching

◼ Analog to Digital;
Modem
Remote LAN connections
Routers connect LANs & WANs
Routers are the
“Tollbooths”
of the
Information
Superhighway
In Our Highway Analogy...
◼ What is flowing?
◼ Traffic
◼ What different forms flow?
◼ Cars, Trucks, Buses, etc.
◼ What rules govern flow?
◼ Traffic Laws & Rules of Courtesy
◼ Where does the flow occur?
◼ Streets
In Computer Networks...
◼ What is flowing?
◼ Data
◼ What different forms flow?
◼ Text, Video, Audio
◼ What rules govern flow?
◼ Standards & Protocols
◼ Where does the flow occur?
◼ Wires, Fiber, Atmosphere
LAN Media (Highways)
◼ Coaxial Cable
◼ Shielded & Unshielded Twisted Pair
(STP & UTP)
◼ Fiber Optics
◼ Wireless
Coaxial Cable

◼ Used for Cable TV

◼ Almost obsolete as
a LAN media
◼ Types:
◼ 10Base2
◼ 10Base5
Category 5 UTP

◼ Easy to Install
◼ Cheap & Reliable
◼ Types:
◼ 10BaseT
◼ 100BaseTX
Fiber Optics

◼ Uses Light
◼ Very Fast!
◼ Types:
◼ 100Base-FX
◼ 1000Base-LX
Comparing Speed & Distance
Media Bandwidth Distance
10Base2 10-100Mbps 185m
10Base5 10-100Mbps 500m
10BaseT 10Mbps 100m
100BaseTX 100Mbps 100m
100Base-FX 100Mbps 2000m
1000Base-LX 1000Mbps 3000m
WAN Services

◼ For now, just know that the

following are WAN services...
◼ Modem
◼ ISDN
◼ Frame Relay
◼ T1/E1
◼ T3
◼ STS-1, STS-3, STS-48 (SONET)
When we say our Lab is capable of
100Mbps, what do we call that speed?

Bandwidth
Do we get the full 100Mbps?

No!
What do we call what we actually get?

Throughput
Throughput  Bandwidth
◼ Why?
◼ PCs & Servers
◼ Other Users
◼ Routing
◼ Topology Design
◼ Type of Data
◼ Time of Day
An important part of networking involves making decisions
about which medium to use. This often leads to questions
regarding the bandwidths that the user's applications require.
The graphic summarizes a simple formula that will help you
with such decisions
Why is Bandwidth Important?

◼ It is finite
◼ It can save money (How?)
◼ Key measure in design &
performance
◼ Demand increases constantly