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Ex Vitro Propagation of Rubber Tree (Hevea Brasiliensis) Using Stem Cuttings
Ex Vitro Propagation of Rubber Tree (Hevea Brasiliensis) Using Stem Cuttings
Ex Vitro Propagation of Rubber Tree (Hevea Brasiliensis) Using Stem Cuttings
Fig.2 (A-E): Morphological characteristics, growth and developmental stages of stem cuttings of two H. brasiliensis clones
treated with NAA.
Table.1: Effect of types of clone on the sprouting growth/shoot development, survival rate, length of sprouts, number of roots and
length of roots of brown H. brasiliensisstem cuttings 80 days after planting (DAP)
NUMBER OF CUTTINGS SPROUTED
DAYS AFTER PLANTING
TYPE
OF PERCENT SHOOT ROOT
CLONE SURVIVAL LENGTH/C ROOT LENGTH/C
S 20-DAY 40-DAY 60-DAY 80-DAY (%) M NUMBER M
CLONE 0.500±0.90 0.500±0.90 0.667±0.77 1.333±0.98 55.000±33.1 2.917±0.99
I 5ᵃ 5ᵃ 8ᵃ 5ᵃ 66ᵃ 6.167±3.228ᵃ 6ᵃ 4.000±1.414ᵃ
CLONE 0.500±0.52 0.500±0.52 1.250±1.05 2.000±0.85 98.333±5.77 11.950±7.13 5.000±2.66
II 2ᵃ 2ᵃ 5ᵃ 3ᵃ 4ᵇ 3ᵇ 3ᵇ 5.667±2.146ᵇ
Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different (P≥0.05)
Table.2: Effect of NAA levels applied on the sprouting growth /shoot development, survival rate, length of sprouts, number of
roots and length of roots of H. brasiliensisstem cuttings 80 days after planting (DAP)
The level of NAA concentrations showed no significant 15.383cm to 3.067cm with 15.0g/L NAA having the highest
difference (P≥0.05) in the survivability (cuttings that did not significant mean length of shoots (Table 2).
die) of the brown stem cuttings. The controls are Similarly, the concentration of NAA had effect on the root
significantly lower in survival (63.333%) compared with growth of brown stem cuttings and the effect was highly
76.667%, 83.333% and 83.333% of 7.5g/L, 15.0g/L and significant (P<0.05) (Table 2). The effect of NAA on the
22.5g/L NAA respectively (Table 2). length of roots varied significantly (P<0.05) between the
The concentration of NAA had effect on length of controls and the NAA treatments (Table 2). The 15.0g/L
shoots/sprouts and this effect was highly significant (P<0.05) NAA significantly had a higher mean number of roots
(Table 2) suggesting NAA had a significant influence on (6.167) and root length (6.000cm) compared to the control
shoot development. The length of shoots ranged from treatments with number of roots (1.833) and mean length of
roots (2.167cm) (Table 2).
Table.3: Effect of types of clone and level of NAA applied on the sprouting growth/shoot development, survival rate, length of
sprouts, number of roots and length of roots of H. brasiliensis stem cuttings 80 days after planting (DAP)
NUMBER OF CUTTINGS
SPROUTED
DAYS AFTER PLANTING
CO
NC.
OF
NA PERCEN SHOO
A T T ROOT ROOT
TYPE OF (g/ SURVIV LENGT NUMB LENGT
CLONES L) 20-DAY 40-DAY 60-DAY 80-DAY AL (%) H/CM ER H/CM
5.000±1.
0.000±0. 0.000±0. 1.333±0. 1.667±0.57 53.333±30 5.333±2. 3.333±0.
000ᵇᶜ
7.5 000ᵃ 000ᵃ 577ᵃᵇᶜᵈ 7ᵇᶜᵈ .551ᵃᵇ 454 577ᵇᶜ
4.667±0.
1.333±1. 1.333±1. 0.333±0. 1.333±0.57 66.667±41 9.567±1. 3.667±0.
577ᵇ
15.0 528ᵃᵇᶜᵈ 528ᵃᵇᶜᵈ 577ᵃᵇ 7ᵃᵇᶜᵈ .633ᵃᵇᶜ 701 577ᶜᵈ
4.2. Effects of NAA concentrations on sprouting growth, 4.3. Effects of types of clone on sprouting growth,
survival rate, length of shoots, length of roots and survival rate, length of sprouts, number of roots and
number of root of H. brasiliensisstem cuttings length of roots of H. brasiliensisstem cuttings
The concentrations of NAA had significant influence on Comparatively, Clone II significantly developed more shoots
length of shoots and roots and the number of roots, except and roots than Clone I. In addition, the length of sprouts and
the survival rate and shooting growth of the brown rubber roots in Clone II was significantly longer than Clone I. The
stem cuttings. The treatment of stem cuttings chemically by difference in performance between the two clones could be
the application of auxins such as NAA or other growth due to the drastic environmental changes which had adverse
regulators and fungicides strongly influence the ability of effect on Clone I than Clone II. The type of clone or
stem cuttings to develop roots. Root initiation and elongation genotype of stem cutting under propagation has a great
are influenced by genetic, physiological and environmental influence on the survival and the growth of plant species.
factors (Leakey, 1985). Stem cutting, the most frequent propagation method for
It is established that stem cuttings with a single node are woody and herbaceous plants is usually faced with
better propagules or planting materials for large and challenging factors resulting from mother plant status/source,
successful survival plum. A large sour plum cutting which media, type of cuttings, plant growth regulators and
response to hormone application in small effects could be as environmental conditions (Hassanein, 2013). Irrespective of
a result of high endogenous auxins within the cutting tissues the method of propagation, the rooting percentage of plant
which could have negative interaction with the applied NAA species is influenced by different genotypes (clones) (Yang,
growth regulator (Owuor et al., 2009). Alpha naphthalene 2009).
acetic acid (ANAA) has been found to be reliable in rooting
cuttings (Corpuz, 2013) and there are compounds within V. CONCLUSION
stem cuttings such as phenolic that interact with auxins to The sprouting and rooting growth success of the Hevea
promote rooting and increase root length (Hartmann et al., brasiliensis clones, particularly Clone II, out-performed and
1997). survived significantly better and higher than Clone I of the
Root development differs between tree species and among brown stem cuttings. Also, there was higher significant
plants within clones. Thus, variation in rooting may be (P<0.05) survival rate of the Hevea brasiliensis brown stem
attributed to lack of endogenous auxins, phenolic or other cuttings than the green stem cuttings of which none sprouted.
rooting co-factors in the cutting or lack of enzymes or their In the case of the levels of NAA influence on the sprouting
activators for synthesis of auxin-phenol complexes (Leakey, and rooting growth on the Hevea brasiliensis brown stem
1985). cuttings, 15g/L of NAA out-performed better and higher than
Also, although some showed signs of growth in the early all the other NAA treatments and the control treatments. The
stage, they could not complete the entire planting duration interaction effects between Clone II and 15.0g/L NAA levels
which could be attributed to lack of root to translocate statistically (P<0.05) performed higher and better than the