Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Building in Islamabad
Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Building in Islamabad
net/publication/267755870
CITATIONS READS
25 401
3 authors:
SEE PROFILE
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
Seismic Evaluation and Retrofitting of Mid-rise Reinforced Concrete Framed Structures in Madinah KSA View project
All content following this page was uploaded by Abbas Haider on 05 November 2014.
Abstract: One of the remedies for earthquake hazards reduction is seismic retrofitting. But without using
intervention technique which is based on seismic evaluation of the building structure, it may not be possible to
improve the seismic performance of the building structures by the use of retrofitting. In this paper the simulation
of a building is performed by using nonlinear static “push over” analysis. The said building is 4storey RC
building. In this work the real site based demand spectra is compared with the demand spectra of “ATC 40
procedure”. The simulation performed is then compared for the sake of evaluation with or without retrofitted
structure. For various safety margins the plastic hinges are plotted.
Keywords: Seismic Evaluation, Nonlinear Static Analysis, SAP2000, Existing Structures, ATC 40 Response
Spectrum Capacity
1. Introduction:
Earthquake is one of the prominent phenomenon safety. Before Evaluation of tier 1, it is important to
observed and experienced by the mankind since the carry a thorough study of available documents and
evaluation of human life on this planet. This details & degree of desired performance i.e. “Life
phenomenon has caused an extreme level of safety or immediate occupancy”, the seismic Zone
catastrophe and devastation to the social “Low, moderate and high” and the type of building is
infrastructure and ruined the shining lives into identified.
graveyards. In Tier1 Evaluation, the configurational details &
Therefore, the earthquake vulnerability of building strengths are checked. In this phase the potential
structures has remained a key area for the researchers deficiencies are noted &observed.
in order to minimize the hazards of earthquake as In Tier2 Evaluation, the investigation is further
much as possible. Country like Pakistan is under the preceded regarding the deficiencies noted in Tier 1. It
threat of moderate and high level of earthquakes. can be done by static linear analysis or dynamic
October 8, 2005 earthquake in Pakistan has brought linear analysis. If further investigation is Tier 3
enormous damages and challenges for the researchers Evaluation is preceded.
to develop measure to reduce the hazards. In Tier 3 Evaluation phase, we conduct detailed non-
The said earthquake has also highlighted the linear static analysis (Pushover Analysis) or detailed
importance of redevelopment and improvement of nonlinear dynamic analysis (Time History Analyses)
“Building Code of Pakistan 1986” Though an effort In terms of simplicity the preferred method for
has been made in the form of “Building Code of performance based seismic Evaluation is inelastic
Pakistan 2007” which is derived mainly by the aid of static or Pushover Analysis (Antoniou,s and pinho ,
“UBC 97” and “ACI 318-05” R. ,2004 vol 8 , no . 5, pp 643 – 661 & Gupta,B. and
BCP 2007 addresses the earthquake hazards in a Kunnath,S.K). This paper comprises the static
better way and helps to reduce the losses during nonlinear Pushover Analysis, with the aid of
earthquakes. It is important to note that BCP2007, SAP2000.
focus on the design provisions for new buildings
(BCP 2007) but to seismically evaluate and re 1.1 Problem Statement:
strengthen the existing developed buildings this code From the Oct 8, 2005 earthquake, we came to the
does not help. conclusion that the existing buildings are vulnerable
One of the possible ways to re strengthen the existing to damage & are earthquake sensitive. Keeping this
buildings is seismic retrofitting but for retrofitting the sensitive issue in mind, the Pakistan Building Code
building should be seismically evaluated. If the was revised, in order to facilitate the ductility of new
building is not seismically evaluated in that case the building. But the problem regarding previously
application of retrofitting is of no use. existing building is still alive because these buildings
ASCE 31-03 is one of the recently updated guidelines are non-ductile. To minimize the prevailing risk of
at USA for “Seismic Evaluation of Existing these non-ductile buildings, Retrofitting is the
Buildings”. This guideline is the assembly of three proposed technique. Beside the usefulness of
tiers aiming to enhance analytical detail of existing retrofitting, it is difficult to create economic
buildings & also decrease conservativeness, for resources to retrofit all existing buildings.
IJASGE 020406 Copyright © 2013 BASHA RESEARCH CENTRE. All rights reserved
ZEESHAN ALAM, ABBAS HAIDER, A. Q. BHATTI
5. Conclusion: References:
1. ASCE 31-03 gives a detailed and thorough [1] Antoniou,s and pinho , R. ,2004 b,
approach for the seismic evaluation of already Development and verification of a
constructed buildings. displacement-based adaptive pushover
2. Tier 1 analysis method provided by ASCE 31-03 procedure . Journal of earthquake
helps to quantitatively check the existing building engineering vol 8 , no . 5, pp 643 – 661
& it’s very easy & suitable for countries like [2] ATC 40, 1996, Seismic evaluation and
Pakistan. retrofit of concrete buildings, ATC-40,
3. In Linear Elastic Analysis ASCE 31-03, instead Redwood City, CA.
of using single R factor for the entire structure, [3] Gupta,B. and Kunnath,S.K. ,2000, Adaptive
different m factors are used depending on the spectra-based pushover procedure for
ductility of component being evaluated. This is a seismic evaluation of structures, Earthquake
more realistic approach. spectra, 16(2), pp.2666-2684
4. Pushover analysis is preferably used for static [4] Applied Technology Council, ATC-40,
nonlinear procedures because of its simplicity. 1996, Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of
5. Location of plastic hinges indicates the weak Concrete Buildings, Volume 1-2, Redwood
zones in a building which is very helpful for re City, California
strengthening the existing buildings. [5] ASCE/SEI 31-03, Seismic Evaluation of
Existing Buildings
6. Recommendations: [6] BCP (2007), “Seismic Provision for
1. Using the guidelines of ASCE 31-03, building Building Code of Pakistan” Ministry of
code of Pakistan should be developed for existing Housing and Works Government of Pakistan
buildings. Islamabad
2. Those buildings whose construction has been [7] Computers and Structures Inc CSI, (1995),”
made before BCP (2007), Tier 1 evaluation must ETABS Extended Three Dimensional
be carried out under the supervision of different Analysis of Building Systems Nonlinear
building authorities. Version 9.5”, Berkeley, California USA