VII.

PROCEDURE

1. a) Reaction with NaOH

CrCl3 MnSO4 Fe(NH3)2SO4 FeCl3 CoCl2 NiCl2 ZnCl2 CuSO4

- Added into different test tubes

- Added drop by drop (≤10 drops)
NaOH 1M

Greyish White White Brownish red Blue Green White Blue

blue precipitate precipitate precipitate precipitate Precipitate precipitate precipitate
precipitate

- Added excess NaOH 1M solution

Precipitate White Precipitate Pink Blue Green Reddish Blue

insoluble precipitate dissolved precipitate precipitate Precipitate brown precipitate
(+)
(+) (+) precipitate
 Reactions with NaOH
a) CrCl3
[Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq) + OH-  [Cr(H2O)3(OH)3]-(aq)
[Cr(H2O)3(OH)3]-(aq) + OH-  [Cr(H2O)2(OH)4](s)

b) Mn(SO)4
[Mn(H2O)6]2+(aq) + OH-  [Mn(H2O)4(OH)2](s)
[Mn(H2O)4(OH)2](s) + OH-  [Mn(H2O)3(OH)3](s)

c) (NH4)2SO4
[Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq) + OH-  [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2]-(aq)
[Fe(H2O)4(OH)2]-(aq) + OH-  [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3](s)

d) FeCl3
[Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + OH-  [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3]-(aq)
[Fe(H2O)3(OH)3]-(aq) + OH-  [Fe(H2O)2(OH)4](s)
e) CoCl2
[Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + OH-  [Co(H2O)4(OH)2](s)
[Co(H2O)4(OH)2](s) + OH-  [Co(H2O)3(OH)3](s)

f) CuSO4
[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + OH-  [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2](s)
[Cu(H2O)4(OH)2](s) + OH-  [Cu(H2O)3(OH)3](s)

g) ZnCl2
[Zn(H2O)6]2+(aq) + OH-  [Zn(H2O)4(OH)2](s)
[Zn(H2O)4(OH)2](s) + OH-  [Zn(H2O)3(OH)3](s)

h) NiCl2
[Ni(H2O)6]2+(aq) + OH-  [Ni(H2O)4(OH)2](s)
[Ni(H2O)4(OH)2](s) + OH-  [Ni(H2O)3(OH)3](s)
1 b) Reaction with Ammonia

CrCl2 CuSO4 Mn(SO4) Fe(NH3)2SO4 ZnCl2 FeCl3 CoCl2 NiCl

solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution

- Taken 1 mL and added into test tube

- Added NH3 2 M solution drop by drop

Greyish blue White

precipitate Blue White White Brwonish Blue Green
precipitate
precipitate precipitate precipitate red precipitate precipitate
precipitate

- Added excess NH3 solution

Precipitate Precipitate Precipitate Precipitate Precipitate Brwonish Precipitate Dark blue

dissolve dissolve dissolve dissolve dissolve red dissolve precipitate
precipitate
Reactions with Ammonia
a) CrCl3
Cr3+(aq) + 3NH3 + 3H2O Cr(OH)3(s) + 3NH4+(aq)
Cr(OH)3(s) + 6NH3  [Cr(NH3)6]3+(aq)

b) Mn(SO)4
Mn2+(aq) + 2NH3 + 2H2O Mn(OH)2(s) + 2NH4+(aq)
Mn(OH)2(s) + 6NH3  [Mn(NH3)6]2+(aq)

c) Fe(NH4)2SO4
Fe2+(aq) + 5NH3 + H2O  [Ni(H2O)(NH3)5]2+(aq)
[Fe(H2O)(NH3)5]2+(aq) + NH3  [Fe(NH3)6]2+(aq)

d) FeCl3
Fe3+(aq) + 5NH3 + H2O  [Fe(H2O)(NH3)5]3+(aq)
[Fe(H2O)(NH3)5]3+(aq) + NH3  [Fe(NH3)6]3+(aq)

e) CoCl2
Co(OH)3(s) + 6NH3(aq)  [Co(NH3)6]2+(aq)
 [Co(NH3)6]2+(aq)  Co2+(s) + 6NH4+(aq)
f) CuSO4
Cu2+(aq) + 3NH3 + H2O  [Cu(H2O)(NH3)3]2+(aq)
[Cu(H2O)(NH3)3]2+(aq) + NH3  [Cu(NH3)4]2+(aq)

g) ZnCl2
Zn2+(aq) + 2NH3 + 2H2O  Zn(OH)2(s) + 2NH4+(aq)
Zn(OH)2(s) + NH3  [Zn(NHs)(OH)2](s)

h) NiCl2
Ni2+(aq) + 5NH3 + H2O  [Ni(H2O)(NH3)5]2+(aq)
[Ni(H2O)(NH3)5]2+(aq) + NH3  [Ni(NH3)6]2+(aq)
 1 c) Reaction with NH4SCN 0,1 M
CrCl3 CuSO4 Mn(SO4) Fe(NH3)2SO4 ZnCl2 FeCl3 CoCl2 NiCl2
solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution

- Each solution take 1 m and pour into different test tube

- Added NH4CNS 1mL 1M
- Observe the changes

Blue solution (almost Green Colorless Brownish red Colorless Colored Pink Green Solution
same with previous solution solution solution solution solution
solution
color)

Reaction with NH4CNS

a) [Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq) + NH4SCN(aq) ⇌ [Cr(SCN)]3+ f. [Ni(H2O)6]2+(aq) + NH4SCN(aq) ⇌ [Ni(SCN)]2+

b) [Mn(H2O)6]2+(aq) + NH4SCN(aq) ⇌ [Mn(SCN)]2+ g. [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + NH4SCN(aq) ⇌ [Cu(SCN)]2+

c) [Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + NH4SCN(aq) ⇌ [Fe(SCN)]2+ h. [Zn(H2O)4]2+(aq) + NH4SCN(aq) ⇌ [Zn(SCN)]2+

d) [Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq) + NH4SCN(aq) ⇌ [Fe(SCN)]2+

e) [Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + NH4SCN(aq) ⇌ [Co(SCN)]2

 1 d) Blank Solution
CrCl3 CuSO4 Mn(SO4) Larutan Fe(NH3)2SO4 ZnCl FeCl3 CoCl2 NiCl2
solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution

- Each solution take 1 m and pour into different test tube

- Added aquadest 1mL into each test tube
- Observe the changes

Blue solution (+) Greenish Blue Colorless Yellow solution Colorless Yellow Solution Pink Solution Soft Green
Solution solution (--) solution (--) Solution (--)

Blank Solution
a) CrCl3 (aq) + H2O (l)  [Cr(H2O)6]3+ f) NiCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)  [Ni(H2O)6]2+ (aq)

b) MnSO4 (aq) + H2O (l)  [Mn(H2O)6]2+ (aq) g) CuSO4 (aq) + H2O (l)  [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq)

c) Fe(NH3)2SO4 (aq) + H2O (l)  [Fe(H2O)6]2+ (aq) h) ZnCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)  [Zn(H2O)6]2+ (aq)

d) FeCl3 (aq) + H2O (l)  [Fe(H2O)6]3+ (aq)

e) CoCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)  [Co(H2O)6]2+ (aq)

2. Formation of complex ions by Transition metal ions
a) complex Cr(III)

2 mL diluted CrCl3 solution 0.1M

-Added into test tube

-Added 2-5 drops of Na2C2O4 solution (if
there is no changes , please added more)
-Shaken it

Green solution (++)

Reactin of Complex Cr (III)

CrCl3(aq) + Na2C2O4(aq)  [Cr(C2O4)3]3-(aq) + 2Na+ + 3Cl-

2b) complex Fe (II) and Fe (III)

1 ml of Fe(II) solution (FeSO4) 2 mL of FeCl3 solution

- Added into test tube - Added into test tube

- Added 2-3 drops of 1.10 - Added 2 drops of SCN solution
Phenantroline solution
- Shaken it Brownish Red

- Added 2-5 drops of Na2C2O4 solution

Yellow solution (--) - Shaken it

Orange

Reaction of Complex Fe (III)

FeCl3(aq) + 3NH4CNS(aq)  Fe(CNS)3(aq) + 3NH4Cl
Fe(CNS)3(aq) + Na2C2O4(aq)  Fe(C2O4)(aq) + 2Na+ + CNS-

2c) complex Cobalt (II)

1 mL of CoCl2 solution 1 mL of CoCl2 solution

- Added into different test tube - Added into different test tube
- Added few drops of - Added few drops of Na-
ethylenediamine EDTA
- Shaken - Shaken
Color changes Color changes
2d) complex Nikel (II)

1 mL of Ni (II) solution 1 mL of Ni (II) solution

- Added into different test tube - Added into different test tube
- Added few drops of - Added few drops of DMG
ethylenediamine - Shaken
- Shaken
1 mL of Ni (II) solution
Color changes Red Precipitate
- Added into different test tube
- Added few drops of Na-
EDTA
- Shaken
Green Precipitate

2e) complex Cu (II)

(1) CuSO4.5H2O CuCl2.2H2O
- Put into watch glass - Put into watch glass
- Observed the physical - Observed the physical
properties properties

Result Result

(2) 1 mL CuSO4.5H2O 1 mL CuSO4.5H2O

- Put into test tube
- Added few drops off
ethylenediamine
- Written the complex ions
which is formed
Result
- Put into test tube
- Added few drops off Na-
EDTA
- Written the complex ions
which is formed
Result
3. Changing of Oxidation Number
3a) Changing of Fe2+ to Fe3+

1 mL of FeSO4 solution

-Added into test tube

-Added 2-3 drops of HNO3 4M
-Heated it around 1-2 minutes
-Cooled
-Added NaOH 2M slightly

Dirty Green Precipitate

3b) Changing of Cr2+ to Cr3+

1 mL of K2Cr2O7 solution

-Added into test tube

-Heated it
-Added 1-2 granule of Zn
-Added 1.5 ml HCl Concentrate
-Heated until there is a reaction

Turbid Blue solution

-Added 1 ml solution into another test tube

-Added HNO3 concentrate slightly while
shaken

Dark Green Solution

A. Fe2+ to Fe3+
Fe2+(aq) + HNO3(aq) + 3H+  Fe3+ + NO(g) + 2H2O(l)
Fe3+ + NaOH  Fe(OH)3(s)
B. Cr6+ to Cr3+
K2Cr2O7(aq) + 14HCl  2Cr3+ + 3Cl2 + 2K+ + Cl- + 7H2O(l)