Internet of Things Based Smoke detector

Gusti Ayu Amanda Gita Saraswati1, Intan Nurfitri2, Inggrid Audia3, Josephine Natasya4
Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia
Depok, Indonesia 16424
1
gusti.ayu51@ui.ac.id
2
intan.nurfitri@ui.ac.id
3
inggrid.audia@ui.ac.id
4
josephine.gultom@gmail.com

Abstract— In this paper, the smoke detector IoT based for website, the monitored CO2 gas amount is represented in
security application is proposed. The system consists of gas graph.
sensor, led as warning sign, and NodeMCU to process data The Section II of this paper we explain the configuration of
monitored by the system and to send the gas data to the IoT
our system and in Section III is the details of the program to
server through WiFi. We evaluated the system by using cigarette
smoke or CO2 gas to measure the data and store it to represent in
control the system. Section IV and V are the results and
the graph. From the experimental results, we found out that the conclutions section where all the outcomes of the system is
CO2 can be detected by the close distance between the source of presented.
CO2 with gas sensor, and the measurement output remained
stable as the gas increased. Moreover, the system was capable to
send the measured data to a website called ThinkSpeak IoT II. OVERVIEW OF SMOKE DETECTOR SYSTEM
through WiFi. 1. Flowchart/diagram blok sistem
2. Penjelasan cara kerja dan fungsi masing2 komponen
Keywords—IoT, Fire Warning, NodeMCU, Detector.
3. Gambar alat realnya
I. INTRODUCTION
Fire detection systems have been promoted immensely in III. DETAILED PROGRAM AND IMPLEMENTATION
the past few years and have helped in the safety of people and The program was developed through Arduino IDE. The
property against fire hazards [1]. The detection of fire hazards first part of the program was to declare the pin’s number used
on the other hand can lead to unnecessary false alarms that can in the program and there was also a WiFi library called
be very expensive if the occurrence happens in a commercial "ESP8226WiFi.h". Furthermore, in this part nodeMCU was
building. As well, false fire alarms have been a nuisance to the given the information about the network that used in this
fire department and cause tie ups in resources and needless system, which are WiFi name, password, data server number
commotion that leads to panic [2]. The problem that was and channel ID.
addressed by this work is to detect CO2 gas and send the
amount of gas in the building.
Smoke is a visible suspension of carbon or other particles
in the air which emitted from a burning substance [3]. It is
commonly an unwanted by-product of fires and fireplaces but
may also be used for pest control, communication as smoke
signals, defense as smoke-screen and inhalation of tobacco or
other drugs [4]. CO2 is one of smoke that can be dangerous
and some places need to be avoided from CO2 for safety or
health.
Over the last couple of years, the Internet of Things (IoT)
has changed the way we use consumer electronics products in
our daily life. The true power of IoT comes in when a sensor The second part of the program was in void setup function.
network combines its data intelligently for a meaningful result In this part, pin modes were initialized to be an output/input
instead of simply collecting data for the sake of displaying it based on its function. The network was also build by
[5]. Moreover, this technology can be implemented easily to connecting the WiFi module to the internet with the
existing fire detector systems. information that previously given.
In this paper, IoT based smoke detector is proposed, where
the focus is on detecting the CO2 gas and storing the data that
can be accessed at a website called ThinkSpeak IoT. In this

The third part of the program was in void loop function.
Arduino fetch the gas data and keep it into SensorReading
variable. This variable was used as the threshold condition. If
the CO2 level was above 200, then it was in the state of
danger and the red LED will light up. Otherwise, if the CO2
level was below 200, it was safe condition and the green LED
will light up.
This last part of the program was the most important part.
This program will log all the data to the server so we can see
the data flows in the server anywhere and anytime.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The MQ2 sensor collects smoke (CO2) intensity data
in real time and sends it to nodeMCU to be processed. The
nodeMCU will compute for 2 different output. The first output
is, if the smoke intensity level is above 200, the nodeMCU2
will send high voltage to the red LED. If the the smoke
intensity is below 200, the nodeMCU will send high voltage to
the green LED, vice versa. The red LED acts as a warning that
there is a smoke detected by the smoke detector.
The second output of the nodeMCU implemented
Internet of Thing (IoT) by sending real time data of the smoke
intensity that is sent through Local Area Network (LAN) or
WiFi through 2.4GHz channel, that is explained in section III.
The output data is collected through thingspeak.com, which is
an open source Internet of Things (IoT) application and API to
store and retrieve data from things using the HTTP protocol
over the Internet or via a Local Area Network [6]. The real
time data that is collected can be in two different forms, .csv
and chart.
At the same time as the number 29, 32 until 36 entry,
39 until 41 entry as seen above, the red LED turns on. Other
than those entry, which the field output is below 200, the green
LED turns on (no smoke is detected / smoke intensity is very
low), vice versa.The .csv data is updated real time as long as
the smoke detector is on and connects to WiFi. The .csv data
then converted into chart form, which enable the user to see
clearly the time that the smoke is the detected, and when it
doesn’t.

Within the chart form, the user can see exactly when
the smoke detector goes on and off. As the x axes remarks for
time and date the data is taken, the y axes remarks for smoke
intensity detected by the MQ2 sensor. The data above level
200 will turn the alarming system on (red LED on), for data
below 200 the alarming system remains off (green LED on).
V. CONCLUSION
The smoke detector consists of MQ2 sensor, nodeMCU,
2 LEDs (green and red), jumper cables, resistors, and all is
concatenated into a PCB board. The MQ2 sensor detects the
smoke around it, and sends the analog signal to the nodeMCU
to be processed.
The output of the nodeMCU, which turns the LED off
or on. If the output of the nodeMCU is greater than 200, it will
sends high voltage to the red LED and the red LED turns on,
and sends low voltage to the green LED and the green LED
turns off. If the output of the nodeMCU is less than 200, it will
sends low voltage to the red LED, and high voltage to the
green LED. The red LED acts as a warning that there’s a high
intensity of smoke in the area, the green LED means that the
area is safe and no smoke has been detected.
The output is then sent via WiFi by the nodeMCU
"ESP8226WiFi.h" and received by thingspeak. By sending
the output data via WiFi, anyone could remotely monitor the
smoke intensity. The output data is converted into a chart
and .csv by thingspeak, chart form makes it easier for the user
to monitor. Because its real time, when the output exceeds
level 200 in the chart at that same time the red LED turns on.
The IoT smoke detector enables user to monitor smoke
intensity far away from the detector. The IoT system makes
the monitoring can be done remotely using smartphones, not
just from laptop or monitoring screen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank Microprocessor and Microcontroller
Laboratory assistant for assisting to create this project.
REFERENCES
[1] Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department, “Smoke Alarms obey the
law, save your life,” 2003. [Online]. Available:
www.fairfaxcounty.gov/fr/prevention/fmpublications/obeythelaw.pdf
[2] M. Ahrens, “False Alarms and Unwanted Activations from U.S.
Experience with Smoke Alarms and other Fire Detection/Alarm
Equipment,” National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA,
November 2004.
[3] M. Brain, How Smoke Detectors Work
http://home.howstuffworks.com/smoke.htm
[4] Sinclair, Ian, Lindgren, Danielle, Kim, Minzee, Oskoui, Babak and
Windseth, David, Smoke Detectors: A Savior Invention.
http://dopamine.chem.umn.edu/chempedia/index.
[5] S. Majumder, S. O’Nei, R. Kennedy, “Smart Apparatus for Fire
Evacuation - An IoT based fire emergency monitoring and evacuation
system,” in Undergraduate Research Technology Conference (URTC),
2017 IEEE MIT.
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ThingSpeak