6 Single Spacing

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON PRECIPITATION

AND STREAMFLOW

7 Single Spacing

by

5 Single Spacing

ZULKARNAIN BIN HASSAN

4 Single Spacing

Report submitted in partial fulfillment

of the requirements for the degree
of Bachelor of Engineering

3 Single Spacing

MARCH 2018
 TWO (2) spaces from the top

Capital letters, bold, ACKNOWLEDGMENT

centered, font 12
FOUR (4) spaces below the table
of contents

Textetxtextetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxetxtetxtetxtetx
tetxtetxtxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtextetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetx
tetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxte
txtetxtetxttextetxtextetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxetxtetxtetxte
txtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtextetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetx
tetxtetxtetxtetxtet.

i
 2 times of 1.5
Spacing

APPROVAL AND DECLARATION SHEET

2 times of 1.5
Spacing

This project report titled Climate Change on Precipitation and Temperature was
prepared and submitted by Zulkarnain bin Hassan (Matrix Number: xxxxxxxxx)
and has been found satisfactory in terms of scope, quality and presentation as
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor of Engineering (Hons)
(Civil Engineering) in Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP).

5 times of 1.5
Spacing

Checked and Approved by

4 Single Spacing

_______________________

(PROF. DR. SOBRI HARUN)

Project Supervisor

8 Single Spacing

School of Environmental Engineering

Universiti Malaysia Perlis

2 Single Spacing
March 2018

ii
 TWO (2) spaces from the top

Centered, PROJECT TITLE IN MALAY – for ‘Abstrak’ in Malay

capital letter, ONE AND A HALF (1.5) spaces
bold, single-
spacing ABSRAK

FOUR (4) spaces from ABSTRACT

{TRANSLATE TO MALAY}Short introduction to the project that you

have done {It is normally covered in 2 to 3 sentences. It is not to introduce what will
be done, what has not been done and the objectives of the project}. This is followed by
a brief and concise description of the project implementation {It is a summary from
chapters ‘method of investigation’ or ‘details of the design’. It can include the
operation of your project in brief. Model numbers of specific or rare items (hardware or
One and software) can be mentioned. This part is limited to 100 words}. Next, is summary of
half
important or significant results and discussion {It comes from ‘results and
spacing,
font 12 discussion’ chapter. The results or data and the discussion can be combined and
Times New presented in this part. Significant data from ‘conclusion’ chapter is given here.
Roman
(not more
than
200 words) Notes:
You may write your abstract only in ONE (1) paragraph. It is important to
note that abstract is written in a case by case basis. However, a typical
format can be useful as a guide or reference for you to write your
project report abstract.

Abstract CANNOT be included with the items below:

1. Issues related to personal feeling, e.g. learned a lot of things from this
project
2. First and second person pronouns (I, we, you, me, my, etc.)
3. Outline of chapters in your project report
4. Any issues that are not produced from your project (except
comparison cases with another person’s work)
5. Figure/Tables.
6. Mathematical formulae.

iii
 TWO (2) spaces from the top
Centered, PROJECT TITLE IN ENGLISH – for ‘Abstrak’ in Malay
capital letter,
ONE AND A HALF (1.5) spaces
bold, single-
spacing ABSTRACT

FOUR (4) spaces from ABSTRACT

Short introduction to the project that you have done {It is normally covered
in 2 to 3 sentences. It is not to introduce what will be done, what has not been done and
the objectives of the project}. This is followed by a brief and concise description of
the project implementation {It is a summary from chapters ‘method of investigation’
or ‘details of the design’. It can include the operation of your project in brief. Model
numbers of specific or rare items (hardware or software) can be mentioned. This part
One and is limited to 100 words}. Next, is summary of important or significant results and
half
discussion {It comes from ‘results and discussion’ chapter. The results or data and
spacing,
font 12 the discussion can be combined and presented in this part. Significant data from
Times New ‘conclusion’ chapter is given here.
Roman
(not more
than
200 words) Notes:
You may write your abstract only in ONE (1) paragraph. It is important to
note that abstract is written in a case by case basis. However, a typical
format can be useful as a guide or reference for you to write your
project report abstract.

Abstract CANNOT be included with the items below:

7. Issues related to personal feeling, e.g. learned a lot of things from this
project
8. First and second person pronouns (I, we, you, me, my, etc.)
9. Outline of chapters in your project report
10. Any issues that are not produced from your project (except
comparison cases with another person’s work)
11. Figure/Tables.
12. Mathematical formulae.

iv
 TWO (2) spaces from the top
Capital letters, bold, TABLE OF CONTENTS
centered
FOUR (4) spaces below the table
of contents

Pages
ACKNOWLEDGMENT i
APPROVAL AND DECLARATION SHEET ii
ABSTRAK iii
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
ONE AND A HALF (1.5) spaces (Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, etc))
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Historical Background Sub-heading/sub-sub-heading 1
1.2
Tab 1.2.1
Tab 1.2.1.1
Tab 1.2.1.1(a)
ONE AND A HALF (1.5) spaces

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

ONE AND A HALF (1.5) spaces
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
ONE AND A HALF (1.5) spaces
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
ONE AND A HALF (1.5) spaces

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION
ONE AND A HALF (1.5) spaces

REFERENCES (Arabic Numerals (1, 2, 3, etc))

ONE AND A HALF (1.5) spaces

v
 Pages
APPENDICES
Appendix A
Appendix A(i)
Appendix A(ii)
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix C(i)

(Arabic Numerals (1, 2, 3, etc))

Note : For a computer programming project, students are encouraged to put all non-
significant language programme-code in the APPENDICES.
(ACKNOWLEDGEMENT – LIST OF FIGURES, All CHAPTER, REFERENCES, and APPENDICES -
Times New Roman, font 12, capital letter, bold)
(Sub-heading, sub-sub-heading – Times New Roman, font 12, small letter)
(List of APPENDICES: Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix A(i), etc – Times New Roman,
font 12, small letter, bold).

vi
 TWO (2) spaces from the top
Capital letters, bold, LIST OF TABLES
centered, font 12
FOUR (4) spaces below the table
of contents
bold, font 12 bold, font 12
Tables No. Pages
2.1 Schematic diagram showing the vibration in the irradiance
Single Double tab distribution of multiple beam interface fringes as a function
spacing, of mirror reflectance (Hassan et al., 2018). 20
font 12 ONE (1) space
2.2 Typical current responsivity of a silicon photodiode and an
ideal photodiode with unit quantum efficiency. 23

3.1 Reflectivity curves at temperature T = 200K using Fourier

Transformed Infrared Spectrometer. 35

Source/reference of Fig. (from book, journals,

internet)

(Arabic Numerals (1, 2, 3, etc))

vii
 TWO (2) spaces from the top

Capital letters, bold, LIST OF FIGURES

centered, font 12
FOUR (4) spaces below the table
of contents
bold, font 12 bold, font 12
Figures No. Pages
2.1 Schematic diagram showing the vibration in the irradiance
Single Double tab distribution of multiple beam interface fringes as a function
spacing, of mirror reflectance (Hassan et al.,2018). 20
font 12 ONE (1) space
2.2 Typical current responsivity of a silicon photodiode and an
ideal photodiode with unit quantum efficiency. 22

3.3 Reflectivity curves at temperature T = 200K using Fourier

Transformed Infrared Spectrometer. 30

Source/reference of Fig. (from book, journals,

internet)

Figure 1.1 (based on CHAPTER 1),

Figure 2.1, 2.1, 2.2 (based on CHAPTER 2), etc.

(Arabic Numerals (1, 2, 3, etc))

viii
 TWO (2) spaces from the top
Capital letters, bold, LIST OF SYMBOLS
centered, font 12
Using equation FOUR (4) spaces below the table
editor of contents

D diffusison coefficient
Double tab
 absorption coefficient

E energy, bandgap ( E g ), donor/acceptor energy level ( Ed , Ea ), phonon

energy ( E p ), Young’s modulus.

 light wavelength, bandgap wavelength (  g ), light wavelength in

vacuum ( 0 )

 phase angle, light flux

 electric susceptibility, electron affinity

SEM Scanning Electron Microscope

AFM Atomic Force Microscope

ix
 2.5 cm or
1 inch

TWO (2) spaces from the top

CHAPTER 1
Capital letters, bold, centered
ONE AND A HALF (1.5) spaces
INTRODUCTION

FOUR (4) spaces below chapter title

1.1 Background History ONE (1) space below sub-heading

Tab
Textetxtextetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxetxtetxtetxtetx
tetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtextetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtet
2.5 cm or
3.5 cm or xtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetx 1 inch
1.35 inch
tetxtetxtetxttextetxtextetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxetxtetxtetx
tetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtextetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtet
xtetxtetxtetxtetxtet. ONE (1) space below (for another paragraph)

Tab
Tetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxt
etxttextetxtextetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxetxtetxtetxtetxtetxt
etxt

d 2 8 2 m
+ 2 E − E pot ( x) = 0
Equation
(1.1) No.
Editor
dx 2 h Equation
(align right)
Tetetetetxtetetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxt
etxtextetxtetxtetxtetxttetxtetxtetxtetxtetxttetxtetxtetxtetxet.

THREE (3) spaces below text

1.2 Applications
ONE (1) space below sub-heading
Tab
textetxtextetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxetxtetxtetxtetxt
etxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtextetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtet
xtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxt.

1
 2.5 cm or
1 inch

TWO (2) spaces from top

CHAPTER 2
Capital letters, bold, centered ONE AND A HALF (1.5) spaces

LITERATURE REVIEW

FOUR (4) spaces below chapter title

2.1 Introduction ONE (1) space below sub-heading

Tab
Textetxtextetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxetxtetxtetxtetx
tetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxte(please explain about the table above before the table –
3.5 cm or in the same/next pages)txtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtex. 2.5 cm or
1.35 inch 1 inch
TWO (2) spaces
Font 12 –
Table 2.1: Electron states for an atom (Hassan et al.,2018) centered,
Quantum Number Symbol Allowed Values single
spacing
Principle n 1,2,3,…
Orbital l 0,1,2,…, (n – 1)
Orbital magnetic ml 0, ±1, ±2, …, ±l
Spin magnetic ms ±½
Table - centered
TWO (2) spaces

Textetextetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetx
tetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtettxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxttetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtettxtetxtet
xtetxttetxtetxtetxxetexetexetextexetexetextexetextexetextextextexetxetextexetxetextexet
xetexetxexetxetexextexetexxtextexetxetxetxetxetexeeexetexetexetextexetxettexetxetext
exetexetexetexetextexetetexxtextexetxetxetxetxetexeeexetexetexetextexetxettexetxetext
exetexetexetexetextexextexetexxtextexetxetxetxetxetexeeexetexetexetextexetxettexetxe
textexetexetexetexetextext

2.5 cm or 2
1 inch
 2.5 cm or
1 inch

TWO (2) spaces from top

CHAPTER 3
Capital letters, bold, centered
ONE AND A HALF (1.5) spaces
METHODOLOGY

FOUR (4) spaces below chapter title

3.1 Introduction ONE (1) space below sub-heading

Tab
Textetxtextetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxetxtetxte(plea
se explain the figure before the figure – in the same/next pages.) txtet.
3.5 cm or TWO (2) spaces 2.5 cm or
1.35 inch Figure - centered 1 inch

Bold Figure 3.1: Valance and conduction band of semiconductor materials

[please code the reference of this figure (if taken from other sources)
Font 12 – centered,
TWO (2) spaces
single spacing
Textetextetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetxtetx
tetxtetxtetetextexetextextextexetxetextexetxetextexetxetexetxexetxxextexetexxtextexetx
etxetxetxetexeeexetexetexetextexetxettexetxetextexetexetexetexetexte

3
 TWO (2) spaces from the top

Capital letter, bold, REFERENCES

centered, font 12
FOUR (4) spaces below the title

Abdellatif, M., Atherton, W., and Alkhaddar, R. (2013). Application of the stochastic
model for temporal rainfall disaggregation for hydrological studies in north
western England. Journal of Hydroinformatics, 15(2), 555-562.
Abida, H. (2009). Identification of compound channel flow parameters. Journal of
Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 57(3), 172-181.
Adams, B. J., Fraser, H. G., Howard, C. D. D., and Hanafy, M. S. (1986). Meteorologic
data analysis for drainage system design, J. Environ. Eng., 112(5), 827-848.
Anandhi, A., Srinivas, V. V., Nanjundiah, R. S., and Kumar, D. N. (2008) Downscaling
precipitation to river basin in India for IPCC SRES scenarios using support vector
machine. Int. J. Climatol., 28, 401–420.
Kuok, K. K. (2010). Parameter optimization methods for calibrating tank model and
neural network for rainfall-runoff modelling. PhD thesis, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia, Faculty of Civil Engineering

Use APA format for the references